i ndia. sol s tandards e ssential q uestions why were physical geography and location important to...
TRANSCRIPT
INDIA
SOL STANDARDS ESSENTIAL QUESTIONS Why were physical
geography and location important to the development of Indian civilization?
What impact did the Aryans have on India?
Why was the caste system central to Indian culture?
What were the accomplishments of Mauryan and Gupta empires?
What are thebeliefs of the Hindu religion?
How did Hinduism influence Indian society and culture?
What are the beliefs of Buddhism?
How did Buddhism spread?
GEOGRAPHY
Hindu Kush Mountains
Himalayan Mountains
Indian Ocean
Geographic barriers allowed Indian civilization to progress with few interruptions from
invaders.
INDO-EUROPEANS
Nomadic peoples who migrated across Europe and Asia
They spoke forms of the same language
INDO-ARYANS Nomadic herders who migrated through
passes in the Hindu Kush Mountains
KHYBER PASSAryan migration route
ARYAN INVADERS Conquered advanced Indus River Valley cities
Put native Indians on the bottom of the caste system
ARYANSMoved east
and built kingdoms along the Ganges river.
The Indus and the Ganges were the most important rivers in the Indian subcontinent
VEDASVast collection of ancient Aryan
prayers, magical spells and and instructions for performing rituals
•passed on orally for 1000 + years
CASTE SYSTEM Rigid class system based on occupations
People were born into their caste for life and could only move up in another life
CASTESInfluenced all social interactions
and choice of occupations
• Job•Marriage•Dress
HINDUISMMany forms of one God
Reincarnation
Caste systemKarmaVedas and Upanishads
Brahma, Vishnu, and Shiva
BRAHMANMany forms of one major deity (God).
The unifying soul in all things.
REINCARNATION
Cycles of Rebirth A spirit is born again and
again until moksha (perfect understanding) is achieved
KARMAGood deeds and bad deeds
Future life based on present behavior
Influences caste, health, wealth, etc.
SPREAD OF HINDUISMHinduism spread from India to Southeast Asia
UPANISHADS
Dialogues between student and teacher
Explains such concepts as Brahman, karma and reincarnation
ORIGINS OF BUDDHISM
Buddhism was founded by Siddhartha Gautama in the part of India that borders present-day Nepal.
SIDDHARTHA GUATAMA Buddha :” The Enlightened One”
Enlightenment: wisdom; a state of perfect understanding
BELIEFS OF BUDDHISMRejects the
Hindu caste system, but keeps the concepts of karma and reincarnation
Four Noble Truths
Eightfold Path
FOUR NOBLE TRUTHS
Life is full of suffering
The cause of suffering is desire
The way to end suffering is to end desire
To end desire, one must follow the Eightfold Path
EIGHTFOLD PATH The Middle Way between desires and self-denial
• By following the path anyone could reach Nirvana• Nirvana: release from selfishness and pain
ASOKAAsoka’s missionaries and their writings spread Buddhism from India to China and other parts of
Asia
SPREAD OF BUDDHISMMahayana spread to China, Korea, and Japan Theravada spread to SE Asia and Sri Lanka
RELIGIONS OF EAST ASIAColored areas
represent predominant religions today
Buddhist ideals eventually became absorbed into the Hindu religion in India
GUPTA EMPIREGolden age of classical Indian culture
INDIA’S GOLDEN AGE
a period of peace and prosperity and a flourishing of arts, literature and learning
•Mathematics•Textiles (cotton)•Literature•Sugarcane
Gupta DynastyContributions
HINDU NUMERALS Base 10
Included zero Place value and decimals
GUPTA DYNASTY LITERATURE
KalidasaTamil poets
INDIAN TRADE
sugarcane
• cotton cloth
•spices
LATEEN SAIL
REFLECTION A characteristic of the Aryan society of India is
A. a rigid caste system.B. development of a sophisticated alphabet.C. Buddhism as a religion.D. tolerance of conquered peoples.
A belief in reincarnation, karma, many forms of one major deity, and a caste system are characteristics of which of the following religions?A. HinduismB. BuddhismC. JudaismD. Zoroastrianism
The following is a sacred writing of Hinduism:A. Ten CommandmentsB. Code of HammurabiC. UpanishadsD. Koran