i) roots of conflict a) wilmot proviso failed proposal to keep slavery out of the mexican cession...

39

Upload: kallie-whalen

Post on 14-Dec-2015

220 views

Category:

Documents


0 download

TRANSCRIPT

Page 1: I) Roots of Conflict A) Wilmot Proviso failed proposal to keep slavery out of the Mexican Cession (led to the “Gag Rule”)
Page 2: I) Roots of Conflict A) Wilmot Proviso failed proposal to keep slavery out of the Mexican Cession (led to the “Gag Rule”)

I) Roots of Conflict

A) Wilmot Provisofailed proposal to keep slavery out of the Mexican Cession(led to the “Gag Rule”)

Page 3: I) Roots of Conflict A) Wilmot Proviso failed proposal to keep slavery out of the Mexican Cession (led to the “Gag Rule”)

B) Compromise of 1850

California would come in to the Union as a free state; New Mexico & Utah Territories formed with no mention of slavery; slave trade ended in Washington DC; & the fugitive slave law toughened

Page 4: I) Roots of Conflict A) Wilmot Proviso failed proposal to keep slavery out of the Mexican Cession (led to the “Gag Rule”)

C) Harriet Beecher Stowe’s Uncle Tom’s Cabin (1852)

Page 5: I) Roots of Conflict A) Wilmot Proviso failed proposal to keep slavery out of the Mexican Cession (led to the “Gag Rule”)

D) Kansas-Nebraska Act (1854)

1) “popular sovereignty”

having a state decide for itself whether or not to allow slavery (repealed the Missouri Compromise)

2) Republican Party formed as an antislavery partymade up of abolitionists, “Free Soilers”, &“conscience Whigs”

Page 7: I) Roots of Conflict A) Wilmot Proviso failed proposal to keep slavery out of the Mexican Cession (led to the “Gag Rule”)

E) Dred Scott Supreme Court Decision (1857): Blacks had no rights & Missouri Compromise was unconstitutional

Page 8: I) Roots of Conflict A) Wilmot Proviso failed proposal to keep slavery out of the Mexican Cession (led to the “Gag Rule”)

F) Lincoln-Douglas Debates (1858)series of debates between Illinois Senator Stephen Douglas and Abraham Lincoln that made Lincoln a national figure on the issue of slavery

Page 9: I) Roots of Conflict A) Wilmot Proviso failed proposal to keep slavery out of the Mexican Cession (led to the “Gag Rule”)

G) John Brown’s Raid on Harper’s Ferry, VA (1859)

led to the creation of the Confederate army (“meteor of the war”)

Page 10: I) Roots of Conflict A) Wilmot Proviso failed proposal to keep slavery out of the Mexican Cession (led to the “Gag Rule”)

H) Abolitionists

1) William Lloyd Garrison’s The Liberatoranti-slavery newspaper

2) Frederick Douglass

Page 11: I) Roots of Conflict A) Wilmot Proviso failed proposal to keep slavery out of the Mexican Cession (led to the “Gag Rule”)

3) Harriet Tubman

called “Moses” by the slaves that she led north to freedom along the Underground Railroad (a series of safe house mainly leading to “free states” in the North)

Page 12: I) Roots of Conflict A) Wilmot Proviso failed proposal to keep slavery out of the Mexican Cession (led to the “Gag Rule”)

I) Abraham Lincoln wins 1860 Presidential Election (1st Republican President) calling for a restriction of slavery’s westward spread—not abolition

1) “…a house divided against itself cannot stand…”the country cannot remain half-slave and half-free—it must become all one thing or all another

Page 13: I) Roots of Conflict A) Wilmot Proviso failed proposal to keep slavery out of the Mexican Cession (led to the “Gag Rule”)

J) South Carolina secedes from the Union

Page 14: I) Roots of Conflict A) Wilmot Proviso failed proposal to keep slavery out of the Mexican Cession (led to the “Gag Rule”)
Page 15: I) Roots of Conflict A) Wilmot Proviso failed proposal to keep slavery out of the Mexican Cession (led to the “Gag Rule”)

K) Jefferson Davis elected President of the Confederacy

Confederate capital later moved to Richmond, VA

II) The Civil War Begins: 4:30am, April 12, 1861 (Ft. Sumter, Charleston Harbor, SC)

A) Lincoln suspends habeas corpus

Page 16: I) Roots of Conflict A) Wilmot Proviso failed proposal to keep slavery out of the Mexican Cession (led to the “Gag Rule”)

III) Robert E. Lee: “…sacrifice everything but honor…”wouldn’t fight against Virginia (sectionalism)

A) Arlington National Cemetery

nation’s most hallowed ground

Page 17: I) Roots of Conflict A) Wilmot Proviso failed proposal to keep slavery out of the Mexican Cession (led to the “Gag Rule”)

IV) Stonewall JacksonConfederate general who held his ground at Manassas, VA & helped win the battle (was accidentally killed by his own men at the Battle of Chancellorsville)

V) George McClellan takes command but is unwilling to fight

Page 18: I) Roots of Conflict A) Wilmot Proviso failed proposal to keep slavery out of the Mexican Cession (led to the “Gag Rule”)

VI) Shiloh, TN: changed people’s perception of the warmade people realize that the war was going to be longer & bloodier than expected

Page 19: I) Roots of Conflict A) Wilmot Proviso failed proposal to keep slavery out of the Mexican Cession (led to the “Gag Rule”)

VII) Antietam, MD: “bloodiest day in American history”

In 1862, Lincoln told his cabinet that he had decided to free the slaves, but they worried that doing so without a victory on the battlefield would look desperate—so he decided to wait for a victory.

Page 20: I) Roots of Conflict A) Wilmot Proviso failed proposal to keep slavery out of the Mexican Cession (led to the “Gag Rule”)

A) Emancipation Proclamation (1863)

freed only those slaves in areas controlled by the Confederacy

Page 21: I) Roots of Conflict A) Wilmot Proviso failed proposal to keep slavery out of the Mexican Cession (led to the “Gag Rule”)

VIII) Gettysburg, PA: largest battle of the war

1) 2nd Day: Joshua Lawrence Chamberlain (Little Round Top)saved the Union by holding his ground

Page 22: I) Roots of Conflict A) Wilmot Proviso failed proposal to keep slavery out of the Mexican Cession (led to the “Gag Rule”)

2) 3rd Day: Pickett’s Charge (turning point of the war) along with Vicksburg

Page 23: I) Roots of Conflict A) Wilmot Proviso failed proposal to keep slavery out of the Mexican Cession (led to the “Gag Rule”)

IX) Vicksburg, MS: “key” to the Confederacylast Southern stronghold on the Mississippi

“prairie dog town”

Page 24: I) Roots of Conflict A) Wilmot Proviso failed proposal to keep slavery out of the Mexican Cession (led to the “Gag Rule”)

X) Grant Takes Command: “…superior numbers & doggedness…”

even though the South had superior generals—at first—the North had more people & industry which Grant took advantage of as he kept on the attack & wore down Lee’s forces

Page 25: I) Roots of Conflict A) Wilmot Proviso failed proposal to keep slavery out of the Mexican Cession (led to the “Gag Rule”)

XI) “Copperheads”

Northern “Peace Democrats” who ran against Lincoln in 1864 promising an end to the war “with or without” victory (led by George McClellan)

Page 26: I) Roots of Conflict A) Wilmot Proviso failed proposal to keep slavery out of the Mexican Cession (led to the “Gag Rule”)

A) William T. Sherman Takes Atlanta—Lincoln wins re-election

Page 27: I) Roots of Conflict A) Wilmot Proviso failed proposal to keep slavery out of the Mexican Cession (led to the “Gag Rule”)

XII) Sherman’s March to the Sea—from Atlanta to Savannah to take Georgia out of the war

Page 28: I) Roots of Conflict A) Wilmot Proviso failed proposal to keep slavery out of the Mexican Cession (led to the “Gag Rule”)

1st inaugural (1861): let’s not fight

Gettysburg Address (1863): finish the job

2nd inaugural (1865): reunification

ratify 13th Amendment (outlawing slavery) & stop fighting

XIII) Lincoln’s Reconstruction Plan (Presidential Reconstruction)

A) easy on the South

Page 29: I) Roots of Conflict A) Wilmot Proviso failed proposal to keep slavery out of the Mexican Cession (led to the “Gag Rule”)

XIV) Appomattox Courthouse, VA. (1865)

Lee surrenders to Grant

Page 30: I) Roots of Conflict A) Wilmot Proviso failed proposal to keep slavery out of the Mexican Cession (led to the “Gag Rule”)

XV) Assassination: John Wilkes Booth

A) Ford’s Theater, Washington, DC

B) Lincoln dies the next morning: “…now he belongs to the ages…”

Page 31: I) Roots of Conflict A) Wilmot Proviso failed proposal to keep slavery out of the Mexican Cession (led to the “Gag Rule”)

XVI) Congressional (Radical) Reconstructionpunish the south (military occupation & new state constitutions ratifying 14th & 15th amendments)

Page 32: I) Roots of Conflict A) Wilmot Proviso failed proposal to keep slavery out of the Mexican Cession (led to the “Gag Rule”)

A) scalawags

Southerners who “collaborated” with the North during ReconstructionB) carpetbaggers

Northerners who came to the South during Reconstruction

Page 33: I) Roots of Conflict A) Wilmot Proviso failed proposal to keep slavery out of the Mexican Cession (led to the “Gag Rule”)

C) Freedman’s Bureau1st government relief agency set up to help former slaves find food, shelter, employment, & an education (Morehouse College)

Page 34: I) Roots of Conflict A) Wilmot Proviso failed proposal to keep slavery out of the Mexican Cession (led to the “Gag Rule”)

D) Johnson’s Impeachment (Tenure of Office Act)

Radical Republicans failed to remove Andrew Johnson by one vote

Page 35: I) Roots of Conflict A) Wilmot Proviso failed proposal to keep slavery out of the Mexican Cession (led to the “Gag Rule”)

XVII) End of Reconstruction: Rutherford B. Hayes (1876)

Samuel Tilden won the election, but there were 20 disputed electoral votes in the South. A committee, set up to determine who got the votes, gave them to Hayes after he promised to end Reconstruction. He became President by one electoral vote.

Page 36: I) Roots of Conflict A) Wilmot Proviso failed proposal to keep slavery out of the Mexican Cession (led to the “Gag Rule”)

XVIII) Aftermath: Blacks lose freedoms gained during the war which set stage for Civil Rights movement of the 1960s

A) Democrats regain control of the South

kept former slaves as second-class citizensC) Black Codes

D) Jim Crow Lawssegregation laws (keep blacks & whites apart)

B) Ku Klux Klan

Page 37: I) Roots of Conflict A) Wilmot Proviso failed proposal to keep slavery out of the Mexican Cession (led to the “Gag Rule”)

E) Plessy v. Ferguson

1896 Supreme Court decision that legalized segregation as long as it was “separate but equal”(overturned with 1954’s Brown v. Board of Education)

Page 38: I) Roots of Conflict A) Wilmot Proviso failed proposal to keep slavery out of the Mexican Cession (led to the “Gag Rule”)

1) NAACP (1909)

National Association for the Advancement of Colored People

a) W.E.B. Dubois vs. Booker T. WashingtonDubois wanted to fight for Black rights, while Washington wanted them to lift themselves up and not rely on Whites

Page 39: I) Roots of Conflict A) Wilmot Proviso failed proposal to keep slavery out of the Mexican Cession (led to the “Gag Rule”)

F) Sharecropping

a landowner allows a tenant to use the land in return for a share of his crop