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I Samuel

Introduction

1 & 2 Samuel were originally one volume in the Hebrew Bible. They

provide a history of Israel from the end of the Judges period to the last years

of David’s reign - roughly 100 years. It records the transition from

theocracy to monarchy and is a book of great beginnings and tragic endings.

Faithfulness to God is seen as the key to success and to disobey spells

disaster.

Purpose: To record the life of Samuel, Israel’s last Judge; the reign and decline of

Saul, Israel’s first king; and the choice and preparation of David, Israel’s

greatest king.

Author: Possibly Samuel, Zabud the son of Nathan the prophet or the prophets

Nathan and Gad. (1Chron. 29:29)

Setting: The book begins in the days of the Judges and describes the transition from

theocracy (led by God) to a monarchy (led by a king.)

Key Verse: “And the Lord told them: ‘Listen to all that the people are saying to you; it

is not you they have rejected, but they have rejected me as their king...

Now Listen to them; but warn them solemnly and let them know what the

king who will reign over them will do.” 1 Sam. 8:7 & 9

Outline

1. Chapters 1-7 Eli and Samuel

A. Samuel’s birth and childhood

B. War with the Philistines

2. Chapters 8-15

A. Samuel become king of Israel

B. God rejects Saul for disobedience

3. Chapters 16-31 Saul & David

A. Samuel anoints David

B. Saul pursues David

C. Saul’s defeat & death

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Chapter 1-2:11

Read verses 1-19

Note: Israel has been ruled by judges for over 200 years. Eli and Samuel are the last of

those judges. Although the nation has fallen away from God, it is clear that God

is preparing Samuel from the very beginning to lead the nation back to right

living.

1. Was Elkanah’s marriage in line with God’s original intent for marriage? (Gen. 2:24)

2. Why do you think polygamy existed among God’s people?

3. What family problems arose from polygamy? Give verses

Note: If a wife could not bear children she was often obligated by Middle Eastern

custom to give one of her servant girls to her husband to bear children for her. A

husband was also permitted to divorce a barren wife under civil law.

4. What speaks well of Elkanah’s behavior? Give verses

5. What do you think of the way Hannah handled her problem?

6. Part of God’s plan was to postpone Hannah’s years of childbearing.

7. What good reason did Hannah have for being discouraged?

2

8. What vow did Hannah make?

9. Have you ever made a bargain with God? Did you keep it?

10. How seriously does God take our promises to Him ?

11. What affect did prayer have on Hannah? Give verse

Read verses. 20-28

12. In order to keep her promise to God, what did Hannah have to do?

13. Have you ever given a gift to God that is costly to you either in time or sacrifice?

14. Can you find the meaning of the name Samuel?

15. At approximately what age was Samuel when he was dedicated to God?

Read chapter 2:1-11

16. Who is it that Hannah rejoices in?

17. What does God as our rock mean to you?

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18. Of what do you think Hannah is thinking in verse 3?

19. What shows Hannah’s wisdom and trust? Give verse.

20. List adjectives that describe Hannah’s view of God. Give verse.

21. How often do you thank God for answered prayer and praise Him for who He is and

all He’s done?

22. What happened to Samuel?

4

Chapter 2:12 - 3:21

Read chapter 2:12-26

1. What sins did Eli’s sons commit? Give verse. (See Lev. 3:3-5)

2. How did Eli fail God?

3. What should have been Eli’s response? (See Numbers 15:22-31)

4. When have you failed to confront a serious problem or situation because it was too

difficult or painful? What resulted?

5. How did God honor Hannah’s faithfulness?

6. When have you experienced a long delay in answer to a prayer ? Did you resent the

delay?

7. What was so serious about the sin in Eli’s family that the punishment was so severe?

8. What contrasts do you see in this passage?

5


9. Of what sins was Eli guilty? Give verse.

Note: Eli was not just a father failing to restrain his rebellious sons, but he was the high

priest ignoring the sins of priests under his jurisdiction.

10. What was the consequence of Eli’s failure?

11. What consequences have you experienced because you failed to take disciplinary

action when you should have?

12. What long term consequences would take place ? Give verse.

13. What principle would you deduct from this story?

14. When was this prediction fulfilled? (See 1 King 2:26 & 27)

Read chapter 3

15. Why do you think the Lord rarely spoke in those days?

Note: Listening and responding is vital in a relationship with God. Although God does

not use the sound of a human voice, He always speaks clearly through His word.

To receive His message we must be ready to listen and act upon what He tells us.

6

16. What was so unusual in the way God worked here?

17. What principle do you see here?

18. Though Eli spent his whole life in service to God, where did he fail?

19. Give examples where you see this happening in our day.

20. Why do you think Samuel went back to bed until morning?

21. How do you see Hannah’s prayer (2:6-8) as prophetic?

22. When have you, like Samuel, listened and responded to God’s urging you into

action?

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Chapters 4-7

Read chapter 4

1. In verses 1-4 what seems to be missing concerning the Israelite’s action?

2. Where was the ark, the most precious possession of the Israelites to be kept?

3. When was the high priest allowed to enter the Most Holy Place?

See Lev. 16:2, 29-34

4. What did Hophni and Phinehas do wrong?

5. What was wrong about the way the ark of the Lord was used?

6. What things are used for the same reason today?

7. What was the result of the Israelites clinging to a form of godliness rather than

clinging to God himself and walking with Him?

8. What prophecy was fulfilled?

9. Why were the Philistines afraid?

10. What is the one thing that would have brought Israel a spiritual victory?

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11. Whenever Eli is spoken of in the Bible he is either sitting or lying down. What

might this suggest? (See also 1Sam.2:29)

Read chapter 5

12. What is the symbolic significance of the episode in chapter 5:1-5?

Note: Dagon’s head and hands broken off was a picture of what usually happened in

the ancient world to a captive king whose head and hands would be cut off.

13. What evidence is given of God’s superior power? Give verse.

14. What caused the Philistines to finally cry out to heaven?

15. When do you turn to God? When hurting or to search out His truths?

Read chapter 6

16. Why would the Philistine priests and diviners recommend they send an offering to

Israel’s God along with the ark?

17. Which verse indicates the influence God had on the nations surrounding Israel?

18. What further evidence of God’s power is shown here? Give verse.

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19. A. Why were people killed for looking in the ark? (See Numbers 4:20)

B. What does an incident like this accomplish?

20. In what ways do we show respect for God both at home and at church?

Read chapter 7

21. What very great and important spiritual principle is taught here?

22. A. When and by whom had the Israelites been taught this before?

Jos. 24:14 -

Deut. 6:13 -

B. When and by whom was this renewed in the New Testament?

23. What does it mean to you to commit your life to the Lord?

24. A. Think about poverty and prosperity. Which one do you think is more apt to dull

our spiritual vision? (Give reason for answer)

B. Can dulled spiritual vision be a problem in the church? How and why?

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25. Samuel is considered one of Israel’s greatest judges. Why do you think that is a true

statement?

26. What evidence is there of the Lord’s faithfulness and power?

27. Would such a national spiritual revival help our nation and what can we do to bring

that about?

28. Who was Israel’s true leader and what part were the judges to play?

29. How can Memorials be a help to us?

30. What event in your life did God use to get your spiritual attention and set you on

His track of trust and obedience?

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Chapters 8, 9 & 10

Read chapter 8

Note: Up to this time Israel’s form of government had been a theocracy. There was no

central government. They were a confederacy, of twelve independent tribes,

with no unifying force, except their God. In the theocracy God Himself was

supposed to be the direct ruler of the nation as He worked through the judges.

1. Who do Samuel’s sons remind you of? (See chapter 2)

2. Who was held responsible for their corruption and why?

3. While we don’t know if Samuel was a bad parent, we can’t blame ourselves for the

sins of our children. While young children are still living at home, what can parents

do to guide them in the right direction?

4. A. What was the request of the people?

B. What were the three reasons for their request? (See above note also)

5. Have you ever made a wrong choice because you wanted to be like everyone else?

What resulted?

6. Was it wrong for Israel to want a king? (See Deut. 17:14-20)

7. What then was wrong with their request?

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8. What was God’s desire for them as given in Deuteronomy 28:1?

9. In one word what was their basic problem?

10. What negatives to a monarchy did Samuel warn them of?

11. What is the danger when people want to be like unbelievers around them?

Read chapter 9

12. What task was Saul given that led to his encounter with Samuel?

Note: Donkeys were all purpose animals used for transportation, hauling and farming.

To own many donkeys was a sign of wealth and to lose them was a disaster.

13. How has God used a common occurrence good or bad in your life to lead you

where He wants you to be? What was God’s purpose in it?

14. What does Saul’s lack of knowledge about Samuel indicate?

15. Who was responsible for directing Saul to a man of God?

16. How was God at work in this situation?

17. What story from the New Testament does this remind you of?

18. What was to be Saul’s commission?

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19. What was Saul’s reaction to God’s commission and how does this differ from

Mary’s commission as the mother of Jesus?

20. What do you think was the significance of giving Saul the special cut of meat?

21. How was God beginning to prepare Saul for his future responsibilities?

Read chapter 10

22. What is the difference between a crowning and an anointing of a king?

Note: The oil was poured over the king’s head to symbolize the presence and power of

the Holy Spirit of God in his life. This anointing ceremony was to remind the

king of his great responsibility to lead his people to God’s wisdom and not his

own. A king was always anointed by a priest or prophet.

23 What further preparation and confirmation did God give to Saul to insure him that

this was God’s doing?

24. When and how has God confirmed a choice you have prayed about and made in

your life?

25. What pertinent information is Samuel reminding the people of?

14

Note: The Israelite’s choose their first king by casting lots or by using the Urim and

Thummin. In this way the decision was taken out of their own hands and turned

it over to God.

26. What does Saul’s action here tell you about him?

27. What does verse 25 tell you about how the kings of Israel differed from kings of

other nations?

28. What common negative goes along with anyone who leads and how can it be dealt

with?

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Chapters 11 & 12


1. What was the significance of the right eye removal in addition to the humiliation?

2. Was Saul’s emotion in verse 6 sinful? Explain your reasoning.

3. When has your anger been expressed in a constructive way to bring about change?

4. Who in Judges 19 performed a similar act and what was Saul’s purpose in doing

such a thing?

5. Did it accomplish Saul’s purpose? Explain

6. What did Saul’s brilliant victory over the Ammonites accomplish?

7. Who was responsible for Saul’s success?

Read chapter11:12-15

8. What did the offering at Gilgal express?

9. Did this attitude last? (See God’s prediction in 8:7-19)

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10. In what way do you acknowledge God as your king?

Read chapter 12

11. What thoughts do you get as you read this chapter concerning Samuel’s feelings

about the Israelites and their demands?

12. What made Samuel such a good leader?

13. What is the significance of Samuel’s words in verses 6 to 11?

14. What is the importance of remembering what God has done for you in the past?

15. What was wrong with the people’s request?

16. What was their reason for wanting a king? (See 1 Sam. 8)

17. Where do you see this happening in our society?

17

18. What conditions would cause the Israelites to prosper even when God answered

their request which was against His plan for them?

19. Was the miracle beneficial or not? Give reasons for your answer.

20. Why do you think God did this?

21. What does this teach you about prayer?

22. Where do you see God’s grace displayed?

23. Why did God make Israel “His people”? (See Deut.7:7-8)

24. What was the difference between Israel’s kings and kingship compared to the

kingship of the nations around them?

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Chapters 13, 14 & 15War with the Philistines


1. What is the first evidence of Saul’s pride?

2. What do verses 6 & 7 indicate about the mental and spiritual state of his soldiers?

3. When has your trust given way to fear in the face of problems?

4. What was Saul’s next mistake?

5. What does this tell you about Saul’s nature?

6. How do you cope with overwhelming odds when under pressure?

7. Why do you think Saul felt compelled to offer up the sacrifice?

8. How did Saul respond to Samuel’s words and how should he have responded?

10. What consequence resulted from Saul’s sin?

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Read 13:16-22

11. What advantage did the Philistines have?

12. What advantage did the Israelites have?

Read chapter 14

13. Why do you think Jonathan went alone to attack the Philistines?

14. What caused him to have the courage for such a daring fete? See chapter 12

15. What indication of Jonathon’s good leadership do you find in this episode?

16. When have you been intimidated by the size of an enemy or complexity of a

problem and what was the solution?

17. What was the cause of Jonathan’s success?

18. Do you have that kind of trust in God’s power? Explain

19. What confirmation did Jonathan have that he was on the right path?

20. What methods did God use in this instance to help the Israelites to victory?

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21. What were the results of the foolish impulsive oath Saul made?

22. What insight concerning Saul does verse 35 give you?

23. What contrast do you see between Jonathan and Saul’s spiritual character?

24. Which verse shows that his men were more spiritual than Saul?

25. In what way can you keep pride from controlling your life?

Read Chapter 15

26. What sin caused the judgement on the Amalekites?

27. Why was the Lord’s plan so harsh? See Ex. 7:8-16, Deut 20:16-18

Note: The Amalekites were descendants of Amalik, a grandson of Esau. They were a

fierce nomadic tribe that lived in the desert region of the Dead Sea. Part of their

income derived from raiding settlements and carrying off booty. They killed for

pleasure.

28. What were Saul’s problems? (Give verse)

1.

21

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

29. Samuel’s job as prophet was not easy as most of the messages he had to give were

very unpleasant to hear. What were his messages to Israel?

1 Sam 3:11-14 -

7:3 -

8:10-22 -

12:25 -

13:13-14, 15:28 -

30. The Kenites were a Mideanite tribe. Why were they spared?

(See Numbers 10:29-32)

31. How did Saul’s evaluation of this episode differ from God’s and Samuel’s?

32. What influenced Saul and cause him to disobey God’s command?

33. When has concern for what other people think caused you to err?

34. What is God looking for in the religious ritual of sacrifice?

Ps. 40:6-8 -

22

Ps. 51:16-17 -

Prov. 21:3 -

Is. 1:11-17 --

Hosea 6:6 -

Micah 6:6-8 -

Matt. 12:7 -

Mark 12:33 -

Heb. 10:8-9 -

35. How do these words apply to our religious rituals like going to church, bible

studies, serving on committees or giving to charity?

36. Why are the sins of rebellion and arrogance so serious?

37. Was God rejecting Saul as a person? What was he rejecting?

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Chapters 16, 17 & 18Read chapter 16

1. Do you think Samuel’s fear was justified? Why or why not?

(See chapter 18:10-11 )

2. Why do you think the elders of the town trembled at Samuel’s presence?

3. What was the purpose of consecration? (See Ex. 19:10 & 22)

4. What was the difference in perspective between God and Samuel?

5. What is the danger in assessing people by outward appearances only?

6. When have you followed Samuel’s example?

7. What steps are you taking to improve your heart and character?

8. What do you think qualified David to be chosen by God?

9. Explain the evil spirit that tormented Saul, what form might it take and why did this

happen?

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10. Where do you see the providence of God working in David’s behalf?

Read chapter 17

11. Considering the topography of their location what battle strategy caused this to go

on for 40 days?

12. A. What does the fear of Goliath remind you of in Israel’s earlier history?

B. Why might Saul be worried about this situation? (See 1 Sam 8:19 - 20; also 9:2

and 10: 23)

13. Contrast the difference between Saul and David in their reaction to this seemingly

impossible situation. Give verse.

14. What characteristic does Eliab display and who does this remind you of?

15. What does the contrast in weapons tell you?

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16. Which verse proves the suitability of David as God’s choice of king and the source

of his courage?

17. What examples from former events would give David his confidence?

1 Sam. 17:37 -

Ex. 14:13-14 -

2 Chron. 20:15-17 -

18. Where do you see the providence of God in preparing the way for David’s future

task?

19. How was Goliath’s vow ignored? Give verse

Note: Even though David is young, empowered by the spirit of God he was able to

deliver the Israelites from the Philistines and acted like a true king. In reality

humanly speaking he could probably have taken the throne by force at this point

and the army would probably have followed him. But David shows his

character and godly virtue by waiting God’s timing to remove Saul from his

throne.

26

Read chapter 18

20. On what was David and Jonathan’s friendship based?

21. A. What is surprising about this situation? (See 23: 15-18)

B. What is unique about the friendship of Jonathan and David?

22. Have you or do you enjoy that kind of friendship with someone?

23. What accounts for David’s success in everything?

24. What thoughts or explanations do you have concerning Saul’s evil spirit?

25. Of what sin was Saul guilty and what did it lead to?

26. How was the power of the Holy Spirit different in the Old Testament from the New

Testament?

27. What were Saul’s motives in promoting David and giving his daughter to him as his

wife?

27

28. Where do you see the nobility of David’s character?

29. It’s easy to be humble when you are not on center stage, but how do you handle

success, praise or honor?

30. Three times in this chapter it mentions that Saul was afraid of David. What do you

think accounted for that fear?

31. How is God preparing the way for David’ future?

32. How has God prepared you for the work He has given you?

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Chapters 19 & 20


1. What adjectives would you use to discribe Jonathan’s character?

2. When if ever is it right to disobey a parent?

3. Which verses show Jonathan’s wisdom and righteousness?

4. What might indicate that Michael could be a snare to David?


5. What vow did Saul make and how many times did he break it?

6. How did God intervene in Saul’s plan?

7. Where else in scripture did God use the words of sinful people to reveal His truths

or accomplish His purposes?

Read chapter 20

8. Describe Jonathan’s mixed loyalties and how was he helped in this dilemma?

9. What did Jonathan’s loyalty to David cost him?

10. What was Jonathan’s request of David and when was the promise fulfilled?

11. Which verse shows Saul’s determination to counter God’s purpose?

12. Do you think Jonathan would have been a good king? Why?

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Chapters 21 & 22

Read chapter 21:1-9

1. What was God’s law concerning the twelve loafs of bread on the altar?

(See Lev. 24:5-9)

2. Was what Ahimelech did right or wrong? Explain your reasoning.

3. When at other times was God’s law broken and for what reason?

4. What was God condoning in allowing these exceptions?

5. What sin did David commit here and why?


Note: It was the custom in David’s time not to harm people who were unstable with

mental illness.

6. How did David’s faith seem to waver here?

7. Read Psalm 34. What lesson did David learn from this experience?

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8. What verbs indicate our part in appropriating His promised blessings?

Give verses.

9. Why is it important to seek God and spell out our needs to God when He is all

knowing?

10. Which verses in Psalm 34 are especially comforting to you?

11. When have you experienced any of the blessings in this Psalm?

Read chapter 22

12. What do you think of David’s band of men?

13. What does this suggest about David?

31

14. What shows David’s nobility of character?

15. What shows Saul’s mental instability and how far he strayed from God?

16. What was the consequence of David’s sin of chapter 21:2?

17. When has your breaking of God’s law brought serious consequences?

18. What prophecy was fulfilled by Saul’s treacherous act?

Note: The band of misfits and outcasts who rallied around David eventually formed

the core of his military leadership.

32

Chapters 23 & 24

Read chapter 23:1-6

1. Why was this raid such a problem for Keilah?

2. What principle does David’s action teach you? Explain.

3. How after prayer can we “hear” God’s guidance? (5 ways)

4. When have you done this or failed to do this and what was the result?

5. What was the significance of having the ephod with them?


6. How did Saul misinterpret God’s plan and why do you think that happened?

7. Can you think of a situation where people in our day misinterpret God’s plan for

them?

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8. What blessing did David receive during this time of trouble?

9. What marks of true friendship do you see in Jonathan and David’s relationship?

10. Do you have a trusted friend like that?

11. In reviewing this entire chapter contrast David and Saul in their endeavors.

12. Why do you think David went through so many troubles despite the fact that he was

obedient to God?

13. David wrote many Psalms during this time of hiding and exile. Read Psalm 34, 35

& 36. What emotions was David experiencing and what lessons was he learning?

Emotion Lesson

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Chapters 24, 25 & 26.

Read chapter 24

1. Under what kind of pressure do you find David here?

2. What is it about Saul that David respected in spite of the fact that he was trying to

kill him?

3. When have you made a wrong decision because of some outside pressure?

4. How do you interpret Romans 13:1-7?

5. Do you think the verses in Romans refers to all types and forms of government,

good and bad? Give reasons.

6. What was David’s state of mind and why? (Read Psalm 57)

7. Where do you see an example of David’s courage?

8. What godly principle do you see David exhibiting here?

9. When have you had opportunity to live out that principle and what resulted?

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10. What effect did David’s godly action have on Saul?

11. What oath did David take and did he keep it? See 2 Samuel 9

12. Do you think Saul’s repentance was genuine and did David trust him? Give verse.

Read chapter 25

13. What did Israel lose with the death of Samuel?

14. What made Samuel such a good leader? See 3:10, 9:14-17, 3:21 & 10:1 &2

Psalm 99:6-7.

Note: The custom in David’s time was to treat travelers with respect. Simple

hospitality demanded that travelers, any number of them, be fed. Nabal was a

wealthy man and could have easily afforded to meet David’s request.

15. For what reason, other than hospitality, should Nabal have honored David’s

request? Give verse.

16. What excellent characteristic did David display at this time of turmoil?

36

17. What good lesson is there in this example for us?

18. When has patient listening to sound advice helped you?

19. What good characteristics do you see in Abigail?

20. In which verses does David acknowledge the providence of God?

21. Which verse shows us that there is no need for vengeance in order to see justice

done?

22. What weakness of David’s was later repeated and multiplied in his son

Solomon? (See also 2 Samuel 11.)

Read chapter 26

23. What good characteristics did Abishai (David’s nephew) display? Give verse.

24. What became of Abishai? (See 2 Samuel 23: 18 & 19)

25. Read Psalm 54. What is the state of David’s mind at this time. Give verses

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26. What difficult characteristic to sustain do you see in David’s response to Abishai’s

urging?

27. When is it most difficult for you to wait on the Lord’s timing and not run ahead of

Him?

28. Would you have acted like David or like his men in this situation?

29. Why did David refuse to kill Saul?

Note: The strongest moral decisions we make are those made before temptation

strikes. David had determined to follow God and this carried over into his

decision not to murder Saul. Having determined not to do wrong, David left

Saul’s destiny in God’s hands. We can work for righteousness while trusting

God.

30. In what creative way did David make his point?

31. How did God protect David?

32. What was accomplished by returning good for evil?

33. What reasons might have kept Saul from killing David?

34. Have you ever had opportunity to do good to someone who has hurt or harmed you?

What resulted?

38

Chapters 27, 28 & 29Read chapter 27

1. For what reasons should David not have faltered in his faith? (See 23:14 & 25:29,

and any other verses you find.)

2. When do you find your faith waning and your fear taking over?

3. What can you do to restore your faith at such times?

Note: Achish certainly would have known about the split between Saul and David and

would have been willing to shelter David and his men. He probably considered

him a traitor to Israel. In return he would have expected military support from

David and his 600 men.

4. How did David deceive Achish?

5. When have you used or experienced deceit?

Read chapter 28 & 29

6. In what difficult position does David find himself?

7. How was this dilemma solved?

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8. What was the state of Saul’s being at this time?

9. Why was Saul in such a state?

10. Are there times when you have felt the silence of God and what might have been

the reason?

11. Who had banned all mediums and spiritists from Israel? Give verse?

12. According to Is. 8:18f why is it forbidden to consult mediums?

See also 1 Tim. 4:1

13. Why do you think after removing the sin of witchcraft from Israel, Saul turned to

witchcraft for counsel?

14. Who do you think brought Samuel back? Why?

15. As a leader what wisdom did Achish show?

16. What did Achish’s decision save David from?

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Chapters 30 & 31

Read chapter 30

1. Why do you think God chastened David by this latest tragedy?

2. What might have been the reason causing his men to turn against David?

3. What admirable trait does David display here?

4. What is the general pattern of your life when faced with distress or decision

making?

5. Where do we again see the providence of God?

6. What two or more characteristics of good leadership do we see in the last half of

this chapter?

7. What example of wise diplomacy do you find here?

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Read chapter 31

Note: The Philistines had a well earned reputation for torturing their captives. (See

Judges 16:18-31) Saul no doubt knew about this and did not want to risk

mutilation.

8. After such a good beginning what characteristics of Saul’s led to this sorrowful

end?

9. What moral dilemma did Saul’s armor-bearer face?

10. Did he make the right decision?

11. What shapes your choice when facing a moral dilemma?

Summary: Sorrowfully Saul was a man who tried to please God with spurts of

religiosity, but failed in true spirituality which takes a lifetime of consistent

obedience and dependance on God. Heroic spiritual lives are built by

stacking daily acts of obedience one on top of another. Like a brick, each

obedient act is small in itself, but in time the acts will pile up and a wall of

strong character will be built - a great defense against temptation and

disaster.

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II Samuel

2 Samuel records the kingship of David, a true (though imperfect) representative

of the ideal theocratic king. He is crowned king over Judah and then king over all

Israel, praising God as he brings the ark of the covenant back to the tabernacle. He

leads his armies to victory over all their enemies and completes the conquest of the

promised land begun by Joshua. David was a man who with God’s help

accomplished much.

But David was a human and also fell into sin. The record of lust and adultery

and murder reveals to us that even great people who try to follow God are

susceptible to temptation and sin.

Godliness does not guarantee an easy carefree life. David had family problems

and a problem with pride that led him into the sinful act of taking a census in order

to glory in the strength of his nation. But his story does not end in tragedy.

Through repentance his fellowship and peace with God were restored, but he had to

face the consequences of the sins he committed. These consequences stayed with

him the rest of his life as a reminder of his sin and his need for God.

We can learn valuable lessons from both the strengths and weaknesses of David.

We too like David can become a person after God’s own heart.

Purpose: To record David’s reign, his effective leadership under God and to show

the personal qualities that please God. Also to foreshadow Christ who will

be the ideal leader of a new and perfect kingdom.

Author: Unknown, possible Zabud, Nathan’s son. This book also includes the

writings of Nathan and Gad.

Date: 930 B.C. Soon after David’s reign.

Setting: Israel under David’s rule.

Key verse: “And David knew that the Lord had established him as king over Israel and

had exalted his kingdom for the sake of his people Israel.” 2 Sam 5:12

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Outline

1. David’s successes

A. Chapters 1-4 David becomes king over Judah.

B. Chapters 5-7 David become king over Israel.

C. Chapters 8-10 David conquers the surrounding nations.

2. David’s struggles

A. Chapters 11-12 David and Bathsheba.

B. Chapters 13-14 Turmoil in David’s family.

C. Chapters 15-20 National rebellion against David.

D. Chapter 21-24 The later years of David’s reign.

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Chapter 1 - 3:5

Read chapter 1:1-16

1. What is the difference between 1 Samuel 31 and 2 Samuel :1-16?

2. How do you explain this?

3. Do you think David knew the difference in the two accounts? Why?

4. Read 1 Chronicles 10. Which account do you think is true and why?

5. What was the Amalekites’ motive in bringing Saul’s crown and bracelet to David?

6. How was he mistaken?

7. Tell what you find in the following verses about the Amalekites:

Deut. 25:17-19 -

1 Sam. 15:2-3 -

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Note: The Amalekites were a band of guerilla terrorists. They lived by attacking other

nations and carrying off their wealth and families and they killed for pleasure.

They raided Israelite camps at every opportunity and God knew that their corrupt

idolatrous religious practices threatened Israel’s relationship with Him. They

were descendants of Esau.


8. What is a lament?

9. A. What do you find remarkable in David’s lament?

B. What is your reaction when a former enemy is put out of commission?

10. What was David expressing in verse 26? What does this not suggest?

Read chapter 2:1-7

11. What was one of the keynotes of David’s life that endeared him to God?

12. When was the last time you inquired of God before taking action? What resulted?

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13. A. How did God reward David?

B. How was this anointing different from his anointing by Samuel?

14. How does David show shrewd diplomacy here?

Read chapter 2:8 - 3:5

15. List the characters and their positions in each ruling house.

House of Israel House of Saul

16. Who seems to have filled the power vacuum left by Saul’s death?

17. What might have been the reason for this civil war?

18. How do you determine what things are really worth fighting for?

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19. Was anything accomplished in this war?

20. What should Israel and Judah have been focusing on instead of fighting each other?

22. How do you think God felt about David’s polygamy? (See Deut. 17:14-17)

23. What consequences resulted from this disobedience? (See 2 Sam. 13: 14,28; 15:13;

1 King 1:5 :6, 11:3 & 4)

24. What is God’s intention for marriage? (See Gen. 3:18 & 24 & Heb. 13:4)

Note: While polygamy was a socially acceptable practice for kings at this time, it

shows the contrast between cultural acceptance and God’s laws. God has

specifically warned against this practice and sadly the numerous sons born to

David’s wives caused him great trouble and sorrow.

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Chapter 3:6-4.

Read chapter 3:6-21

Note: To sleep with any of the king’s wives or concubines was to make a claim to the

throne. It was a serious offence and was considered treason.

1. After Saul’s death who seems to be the one in power?

2. Why did God take Saul’s throne away from him? (See 1 Sam. 13:13-14 & 15:22-

28)

3. Was Ish-Bosheth right in confronting Abner? Did he succeed or fail in establishing

his authority?

4. When have you exerted moral strength in confronting wrong doing?

5. Why do you think Abner defected to David’s side.

6. Why do you think David made the stipulation he did?

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7. Who was the unfortunate victim caught in the web of Saul’s jelousy?

8. What good leadership qualities does Abner display?


9. What was wrong with what Joab did?

10. What examples of taking revenge do we observe in our society? What counter

action should be taken instead?

11. What is the consequence of taking revenge? What is the advantage in going God’s

way?

12. Why was David upset over Abner’s death?

13. What does David’s action say to the people?

14. What does this episode tell you about Joab?

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Read chapter 4

15. Why did Abner’s death cause Ish-Bosheth to lose courage?

16. What is the advantage of placing our trust in God at times of crisis or when under

pressure? (See 2 Tim. 1:6-8 and Heb. 13:6)

17. In what way was Ish-Bosheth innocent?

18. What did David’s reaction show the people?

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Chapters 5, 6 & 7David becomes King over Israel

Read chapter 5

Note: The events of verses 1 to 5 happened approximately 20 years after Samuel had

anointed David king.

1. What was the advantage to the long delay in crowning David king over all Israel?

2. How has having to wait God’s timing been beneficial to you? Explain.

3. Reflect on 2 Tim. 3:10-17. What is the expectation in Christian life and service?

4. Did David usurp Saul’s throne? Explain.

5. Why was it important to conquer the Jebusites? (See Josh. 3;10, 15:63 &

Ex. 23:19-35

6. Why was Jerusalem a good choice for the nation’s capital?

7. Beside the strategic advantage in location why was David more powerful?

8. Relate a situation in which you felt the power of God working in your behalf.

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9. Although David was once considered a friend and ally why do you think the

Philistines attacked him now? (Read 1 Chron. 14:8-17)

10. What made David such a successful leader? Give verses

11. What is the fallen human pattern that so often causes us to fail in our battles?

Read chapter 6, 1 Chron. 13:1-14 & 1 Chron. 15:25 - 16:3

12. Summarize what happened in 2 Samuel 6:1-11

13. What caused the tragedy? See Numbers 4:1-14 & 15

14. Why was this so important?

15. What light does 1 Chron. 15:1-15 add to this account?

16. What does this story teach you?

17. Give an example of a time when you did God’s work in His way and what resulted?

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18. List some excellent qualities of leadership that David did exhibit. Give verses.

19. What indication led David to pursue bringing the ark a second time?

20. What changed?

21. Why do you think Michael showed such contempt?

Read chapter 7 with 1 Chron. 17

Note: Just as Samuel was prophet to Saul, so Nathan is the prophet to David. God

made certain that a prophet was living during the reign of each of the kings of

Israel. The prophet’s main tasks were to urge the people to follow God and to

communicate God’s laws and plans to the king. Most of the kings rejected the

prophets God sent, but at least he gave them the opportunity to listen and obey.

In earlier years judges and priests had the role of prophets.

22. What admirable quality does David display here?

23. Why didn’t God want David to build the temple? (See 1 Chron. 28:3)

24. What was God’s role for David? Give verses.

25. To whom was the task given to build the temple? See 1 King 8:17-19

26. When has God said “No” to your plans and how was that received?

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27. How did God turn the tables on David?

28. What is the difference between the two usages of the word house in verses 5 and 11?

29. What specifically did God promise to David in this covenant?

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

30. What preceding circumstance led up to this promise?

31. What do you learn from this about David?

32. How did David respond to God’s word through Nathan?

33. What elements are included in David’s prayer which we should incorporate into our

own prayers? Give verses

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Chapters 8, 9 & 10

Read chapter 8 and Psalms 60

1. David is often pictured as a type of Christ. How does his rule prefigure Christ and

His reign?

2. What do verses 1-3 in Psalm 60 tell us that is not indicated in 2 Samuel 8?

3. Which verse tells you how far north David’s rule went. (Look at the map of David’s

kingdom.)

4. What ties Psalm 60 with this chapter?

5. What can we learn about facing difficulties or fighting our own battles from this?

6. What excellent quality of leadership does David display here?

7. When has doing right or being fair gained respect for you?

Read chapter 9

8. What parallels the picture of God’s grace to helpless sinners?

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9. Compare 2 Samuel 4:4 with 9:12. About how much time had elapsed?

10. What promise is David fulfilling here? Give chapter and verse.

11. What does this tell you about David?

12. What do you think would have happened to David had he forgotten his promise to

Jonathan?

13. Why might Mephibosheth had reason to fear David?

14. Why do you think his people were so willing to follow David?

15. How have you been generous with someone less deserving?

Read chapter 10

16. What was Hanun’s first mistake?

17. What insight does Psalm 119:104 give us?

Note: In Israelite culture a full beard was a sign of maturity and authority. Thus having

their beards cut off and garments cut caused great indignity and exposed them to

ridicule.

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18. What might we learn from this story?

19. Is there any evidence of Joab’s faith? Where?

20. What balance is evident in Joab’s words in verses 9 -12?

21. When have you trusted God in a difficult situation?

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Chapters 11 & 12David & Bathsheba

Read chapter 11

1. What was David’s first failing?

2. List David’s steps into sin.

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

3. What similarity do you see in the sins of Eve (Gen. 3:6-7), Achan (Joshua 7:19-25)

and David?

4. What have you found that helps you resist temptation?

5. What should David have done? What Old Testament character would have been a

good example for David in resisting sin?

6. What further sin did David commit?

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7. How many other people were affected by David’s sins?

Note: David could have chosen to stop and turn from evil at any stage along the way.

But once sin gets started it is difficult to stop. The best solution is to stop sin

before it starts.

8. What do you think of David’s reaction to Uriah’s death?

9. What do you think is the reason that David seemed so callous?

10. How do you imagine Joab felt about his involvement in this?

11. What is so sad about this story?

12. Why do you think all of this happened?

Note: With sin, whatever the sin, with every taste you increase the appetite for more.

Like with porn - one more look, alcohol one more drink, food one more bite,

drugs one more shot, sex outside of marriage increases sexual appetite. Grace is

never a license to sin! It’s the power to keep you from sin. It’s the power to

resist sin. Sin is always forgiven, but the consequences are far reaching.

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13. A. What do you think of the way Nathan approached David? Explain.

B. How do you respond to correction?

14. What had happened to David as a result of his sin according to his response?

15. Once confronted and convicted how did David feel? See Psalm 51.

16. Did David repent and was he forgiven? Give verse.

17. What was the negative side, even of David’s forgiven sin?

18. A. What does God promise us in 1 John 1:9?

B. Does this cancel the consequences of sin?

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19. Is it biblical to confront people living in sin?

Gal. 6:1-2 -

Matt. 7:1-7 -

Matt. 18.15-20 -

1 Cor. 5:1-3 -


20. What do verses 26-28 tell you about Joab?

21. What lessons have you learned from David’s experience?

22. Read Psalm 32. What are the advantages to confession and repentance?

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Chapters 13 & 14Turmoil in David’s family


1. Who was Jonadab and what kind of person was he?

2. When have you taken bad advice from someone and what resulted?

3. List the difference between lust and love. (See 1 Cor. 13)

Example: Love is patient; lust requires immediate satisfaction

4. What other people were hurt by Amnon’s sin?

5. Why might David have failed to discipline Amnon?


6. What resulted from Absalom’s smoldering anger and David’s lack of discipline of

his son?

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7. A. What does God say about the value of discipline?

Job 5:17 -

Prov. 1:7 -

Prov. 6:23 -

Prov. 13:18 -

Prov. 19:18 -

Prov. 22:15 -

Prov. 29:17 -

Heb. 12:5 -

Prov. 22:6 -

B. What is the result of rejecting discipline?

Prov. 5:12-14 -

Prov. 5:23 -

Prov. 10:17 -

Prov. 13:18 -

C. What is God’s purpose in discipline?

Rev. 3:19-21 -

D. What is the definition of discipline?

8. Who was affected by Absalom’s sin?

9. When have you done the oposite of Absalom and forgiven and returned good for

evil? What resulted?

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Read chapter 14

10. How did you feel after reading this chapter? Why?

11. What do you think about Joab and his actions? Why?

12. Do you think Absalom was forgiven?

13. What do you think was happening to Absalom during this five year period of

estrangement?

14. What do you think of David’s parenting skills and what can you learn from this?

15. Is the sentence in :14b a true picture of God? Explain.

16. Did David follow through with his son according to the truth in verse 14? Explain.

17. Why is a lack of discipline so harmful?

18. What evidence of this is seen in Absalom?

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Chapter 15 - 16:4


1. What was it about Absalom and his strategy that seemed to lure the people?

2. When have you been taken in by a charismatic personality?

3. What characteristics should we be looking for in our elected officials?


4. Do you agree with David’s action?

5. List David’s loyal followers and tell who they are.

6. Knowing that Ahithophel was Bathsheba’s grandfather, for what reason might he

have defected?

7. Summarize David’s emotions as he fled from Absalom.

8. What did taking the arc back to Jerusalem symbolize?

9. Which verses in Psalms 41 & 55 describe David’s emotions concerning Ahithophel

and his actions.

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10. When have you experienced anything like that?

11. Who were David’s informers?

12. Read Psalm 3. What truths about God,s comfort can sustain you in times of trouble?

Give verses


13. Compare Ziba’s words with Mephibosheth’s account in chapter 19: 24-30. Who do

you think is telling the truth?

14. Were Shimei’s words justified?

15. What do you think of David’s response to Abishai’s desire to kill Shimei?

16. When have you used restraint in the face of unjustified criticism?

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Chapter 16:15 & Chapter 17

Briefly review all of chapter 16

1. List the main characters, who they were and whose side they were on.

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.


2. What prophecy of Nathan’s was fulfilled here? Give verse.

3. What does scripture say about true friends and their importance?

Prov. 17:17 -

Prov. 27:6 -

Prov. 18:24 -

4. Are you that kind of friend? Who do you go to for help or counsel? Will you ask

God to show you who to be a friend to and to send friends to you?

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5. Who is your best friend? See John 15:13.

Read chapter 17

6. Whose advice should Absalom have taken and why?

7. Whose advice did Absalom take and why?

8. A. Who is in charge of this situation? Give verse.

B. How can this help you in difficult times?

9. What could Absalom have learned from Prov. 16:18?

10. What else does God say on this subject?

Prov. 8:13 -

Prov. 29:23 -

Is. 25:11 -

11. Who helped David’s spies? What does this remind you of?

12. What do verses 27-29 tell you?

13. Read Psalm 31. What do you learn from David’s words and what comfort do you

receive in times of trouble?

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Chapter 18 - 19: 8


1. Why do you think David gave the command concerning Absalom that he did?

2. What prophecy was fulfilled here? See chapter 12.

3. Evaluate Joab’s character and leadership.

2 Sam. 2:28, 10:7-13 -

2 Sam. 3:26-30 -

2 Sam. 3:39 -

1 Kings 2:5-7 -

4. What do you think about Joab’s action in 18:14?

5. When have you rushed into action impulsively without careful consideration? What

resulted?

6. Consider Absalom’s death from the perspective of God’s law

Ex. 20:12 -

Deut. 21:18- 23 -

Deut. 27:16, 20 -

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7. What does verse 18 tell you about Absalom?

8. According to 2 Samuel 17:14 who ultimately caused Absalom’s death?

9. Read Psalm 3. What was the source of David’s strength and peace amidst this pain

and trauma?

10. Explain a time when you have experienced God’s peace and sustaining power amidst

turmoil.


11. Why was David so shaken over the death of his rebel son, who tried to kill him?

12. In what way does early childhood discipline help avoid later grief and sorrow?

Read chapter19:1-8

13. Do you think Joab’s confrontation with David was appropriate?

14. Is there ever a time when reproof over one in authority is necessary?

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Chapter 19:9-20Read chapter 19:9-23

1. As you read these verses, what do you think about David’s actions?

2. What did the appointment of Amasa accomplish? See 3:26-30

3. What is David’s aim here?

4. Read 1 Kings 2:1-12. How and when was justice established? Tell what happened to

the following men and why.

Joab -

Shimei -

Barzillai -

5. What actions and character traits of David are commendable?

6. To whom would God have you show mercy, forgiveness or generosity?

Read chapter 19:24-43.

7. Review chapter 16:1-4. Did David believe Ziba’s story?

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8. What does David’s action in this chapter indicate?

9. What mistake did David make that could have avoided this confusion?

10. What lovely character trait does David show in his relationship with Barzillai?

11. To whom would God have you show gratitude with a kind word, a note or a phone

call?

Read chapter 20

Note: Although Israel was now a united kingdom, it was still made up of twelve tribes.

These tribes often had difficulty agreeing on the goals of the nation as a whole.

Tribal jealousy had originally kept Israel from completely conquering the

promised land as we learned in the book of Joshua. Now tribal jealousies are

threatening David’s reign by giving Sheba an opportunity to rebel. The

Benjamites were Saul’s tribe.

12. Where do you see similar divisions today?

13. What evidence is there that David bypassed Joab? Give verses

14. How do you think Joab felt about this? What did he do again? See also 3:26-27.

15. Were these murderous acts punished? When did justice catch up with him?

See 1 Kings 2:28-35.

16. Who seems to be in charge of the army in this chapter and who should have been?

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17. What unusual occurrence in that society occurred which saved much bloodshed?

18. When has someone’s wise advice changed the path of your life for the better?

19. What does God say about taking wise counsel?

1 Kings 22:5 -

Prov. 15:7 -

Prov. 12:15 -

Prov. 15:22 -

20. What happened to the nation of Israel because of the sins of its leaders?

21. Can you think of some sins of leaders in your nation which had or will have a bad

impact on the people?

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Chapters 21-22


Note: The next four chapters are an appendix to the book and the events are not

presented in chronological order. They tell of David’s exploits at various times

during his reign.

1. How would this three year period affect the people?

2. How was this situation handled?

3. Read Numbers 30:1-2, Joshua 9:7-21. What was the nature of the oath, its

implication and the result of Saul’s action?

4. How important are oaths or promises and why. See Matthew 5:33-37.

5. What vows are often broken in our society?

6. Who did David consult as to what to do? Was that a good decision?

7. For what sins of the fathers are children in our society often suffering?

8. What admirable thing did David do?

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Read chapter 22

9. Which words repeated in verses 2 & 3 indicate David’s personal relationship with the

Lord?

10. A. Which group of verses show David’s recognition of his forgiveness?

B. Which verses speak of God’s power in poetic language?

C. Which verses speak of David’s anguish?

D. Which verses speak of God’s deliverance?

11. What names of God does David use to praise Him which we could also use in our

prayers?

12. For what actions and work of God does David praise Him? Give verses.

13. For what attributes or characteristics can we praise God? Give verses.

14. Pick out three verses that comfort you or speak to you personally.

15. For what special gift or kindness will you praise God today?

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Chapters 23 & 24

Read chapter 23:1-7

1. What characteristics make a good leader? Give verses.

2. What is the everlasting covenant that God made with David? See Psalms 89:29

3. Who fulfilled the prophecy?

4. How has your righteous life affected your family?

5. What happens to evil men who reject Christ?

2 Samuel 23:6-7 -

Psalms 2:9 -

Matthew 13:40-42 -


6. Why do you think God had the writer of Samuel include the specific names and feats

of David’s mighty men? What does this tell you about God? See also

1 Chron. 11:10f.

7. When have you had the courage to support your heavenly king in a hostile setting?

8. What is it that keeps us from taking a stand for God?

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9. What is your explanation for David’s actions in verses 15-17?

10. What characteristics do the feats of the mighty men emphasize?

11. Do they also picture your relationship with your King?


12. Who incited David to take the census? See 1 Chron. 21:1.

13. Into what human failing did Satan’s seduction play?

14. What was the purpose of taking a census? (Numbers 1:2-3, 26:2)

15. What was wrong with taking a census now?

16. What should have given David pause to reconsider what he was planning to do?

17. How significant was this event?

18. What sin of yours has hurt others?

19. What was David’s reaction when he was convicted?

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20. Why do you think, with all his many sins, God called David a man after his own

heart?


21. What was significant about the threshing floor of Araunah?

Gen. 22:1-18

1 Kings 6:1

Matt.21:23

22. Why didn’t David accept the gift of Araunah?

23. What was the purpose of the offering?

24. What costly gift have you given to the Lord?

Summary: The book of 2 Samuel describes David’s reign. Since the Israelites first

entered the promised land under Joshua, they had been struggling to unite

the nation and drive out the wicked inhabitants. Now after more than 400

years, Israel was finally at peace. David accomplished what no other leader

before him, judge or king, had done. His administration was run on the

principle of dedication to God and to the well being of the people. In spite

of his sins, David dedicated his life to God and remained loyal to Him

throughout his lifetime. The book of David’s Psalms gives a beautiful

picture of David’s trust and love for God.

25. What have you learned from David’s life, and what principles would you like to live

out in your life from the study of this book?

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