i scream, you scream, we all scream for ice cream! sarah beeson, jill hall, sarah regan
TRANSCRIPT
I Scream, You Scream, We All Scream for Ice Cream!
Sarah Beeson, Jill Hall, Sarah Regan
Cold Stone Creamery
Founded in 1988 in Tempe, Arizona
Uses in-store made ice cream that is combined with mix-ins, candy, and other toppings to create a new flavor
Open year roundIce cream parlor
chain
Maggie Moo’s
Founded in 1989 in Kansas City, Kansas
136 Treateries in 43 US states, Singapore, and Puerto Rico
Specializes in ice cream and other desserts
Independently owned and operated franchise stores
Our TopicWe set out to compare Cold
Stone and Maggie Moo’sWe went to two Cold Stone’s
(Warrington and Willow Grove) and two Maggie Moo’s’ (Warrington and Landsale)
Observed and surveyed for subject’s gender, order, price paid, size, preference, and frequency visited
ProcedureObserved customers in two of
each store from May 27- 31Allowed customer to order and
surveyed every third customer to ensure randomness
Used data table to record information
Exploratory Data Analysis
Seasonally is the most common◦ With Sometimes
close behindFrequently is the
least common◦ Possibly due to ice
cream being seen as a seasonal treat
Bar Graph of Frequency of Visits
4
8
12
16
20
How_Often
freq
uent
ly
som
etim
es
seas
onal
ly
alm
ost n
ever
count
Combined Data Bar Chart
Frequently- 11.67%Sometimes- 31.67%Seasonally- 36.67%Almost Never- 20%
Gender and Flavor
With the exception of coffee and chocolate, flavors are fairly evenly distributed between gender
Conclude gender has no effect on flavor
Flavor
0
8cake batter
0
8chocolate
0
8coffee
0
8mint
0
8specialty
0
8straw berry
8vanilla
Gender
female male
count
Combined Data Bar Chart
Cake Batter- 50% female, 50% maleChocolate- 70% female, 30% maleCoffee- 80% female, 20% maleMint- 55.56% female, 44.44% male
Specialty- 62.5% female, 37.5% maleStrawberry- 40% female, 60% maleVanilla- 54.54% female, 45.46% male
Store Preference
Cold Stone and Maggie Moo’s preference is approximately evenly distributed between the two
We conclude that the population is evenly split on favorite store
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
Preference
cold stone maggie moo's
count
Combined Data Bar Chart
Cold Stone- 51.67%Maggie Moo’s- 48.33%
Size
Small and Medium are approximately evenly distributed◦ Large has a much
smaller frequencyWe conclude that
the majority of the population orders small or medium
5
10
15
20
25
Size
small medium large
count
Combined Data Bar Chart
Small- 40%Medium- 38.33%Large- 21.67%
5
10
15
20
25
30
Price
3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0 5.5 6.0 6.5 7.0
Combined Data Histogram
Price
There are gaps between $3.50 and slightly less than $4.25, slightly above $4.25 and $4.50, and between approximately $5.12 and $5.30.
We conclude that the average price paid is around $4.80◦ Size and amount of
toppings affect price
Histogram is right skewed. It spreads from $3.25 to $6.75. The center is $4.81.
Gender and Preference
Preference for store is approximately evenly distributed by each gender
We conclude that gender and preference are not dependent
Gender
0
4
8
12
16
20
female
4
8
12
16
20
male
Preference
cold stone maggie moo's
count
Combined Data Bar Chart
Cold Stone: male- 38.71% female- 61.29%
Maggie Moo’s: male- 41.38% female- 58.62%
Data Analysisχ2 GOF test for variety of flavorsχ2 test of homogeneity to
compare sizeχ2 test of independence for
gender vs. store preferred
x2 GOF Test for Variety of Flavors
Hypotheses◦Ho: Observed distribution of flavors fits the
expected distribution of flavors◦Ha: Observed distribution of flavors does not
fit the expected distribution of flavors
Flavorcake batter chocolate coffee mint specialty strawberry vanilla total
Frequency 4 10 5 9 16 5 11 60
Flavor cake batter chocolate coffee mint specialty strawberry vanilla total
Frequency 8.5714 8.5714 8.5714 8.5714 8.5714 8.5714 8.5714 60
x2 GOF Test for Variety of Flavors
State Check
1. Categorical data
2. SRS
3. All expected counts ≥ 5
1. Flavor and frequency are both categorical
2. Assumed representative
3. 8.5714 ≥ 5
Conditions metx2 distribution x2 GOF test
x2 GOF Test for Variety of Flavors
x2= 12.8p= .0463df=59We reject the Ho because the p-value
of .0464 is less than alpha=.05We have sufficient evidence that the
observed distribution of flavors does not fit the expected distribution of flavors
...5714.8
)5714.810(
5714.8
)5714.84(
exp
exp)( 2222
obs
x2 Test for Homogeneity
Hypotheses◦The distribution of sizes at Maggie Moo’s
and Cold Stone is equal◦The distribution of sizes at Maggie Moo’s
and Cold Stone is not equal
RowSummary
Column Summary
SizeSize
medium small
Size
large
cold stone
maggie moo'sStore_At
1 (6.5) 6 (11.5) 23 (12.0)
12 (6.5) 17 (11.5) 1 (12.0)
13 23 24
30
30
60
x2 Test for Homogeneity
State Check
1. Categorical Data
2. SRS
3. All expected counts ≥ 5
1. Size and the store at are both categorical
2. Assumed representative
3. Counts are all above 5
Conditions metx2 distribution x2 test for homogeneity
x2 Test for Homogeneity
x2= 34.74p= 2.8596x10-8
df= 2We reject the Ho because the p-value of
2.8596x10-8 is less that alpha=.05.We have sufficient evidence that the
distribution of sizes ordered at Cold Stone and Maggie Moo’s is not equal.
...5.11
)5.116(
5.6
)5.61(
exp
exp)( 2222
obs
x2 Test for Independence
Hypotheses◦Gender and preference are independent of
each other◦Gender and preference are dependent on
each otherFirst attribute (categorical): Preference
Second attribute (categorical): Gender
RowSummary
Column Summary
Preference
maggie moo's
Preference
cold stone
female
maleGender
19 (18.6) 17 (17.4)
12 (12.4) 12 (11.6)
31 29
36
24
60
x2 Test for Independence
State Check
1. Categorical Data
2. SRS
3. All expected counts ≥ 5
1. Gender and preference are categorical
2. Assumed representative
3. Counts are all above 5
Conditions metx2 distribution x2 test for independence
x2 Test for Independence
x2= .04449p= .83df= 1We fail to reject the Ho because the p-value
of .83 is greater than alpha=.05.We have sufficient evidence that gender and
preference for Cold Stone and Maggie Moo’s are dependent variables.
...4.17
)4.1717(
6.18
)6.1819(
exp
exp)( 2222
obs
Conclusions from Testsχ2 GOF test for variety of flavors
◦Observed distribution of flavors does not fit the expected distribution of flavors
χ2 test of homogeneity to compare size◦Distribution of sizes ordered at Cold Stone
and Maggie Moo’s is not equalχ2 test of independence for gender vs.
store preferred◦Gender and preference for Cold Stone and
Maggie Moo’s are dependent variables
Bias and ErrorUndercoverage
◦Only surveyed 4 stores in the area; other areas may be different
Time of day/ year◦Different times of day would get
different responsesNumber of toppings
◦Large numbers of toppings affect price
Personal Opinions and ConclusionsPreference for store was basically
evenly distributed between subjects◦Preference broken down by gender
was also even Project took a lot of time and
effort◦More time would have allowed for
better data collection