i slamic s cience project by: ina ciubara zohra mahdi karen vaccarini
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ISLAMIC SCIENCE
Project by: Ina Ciubara
Zohra Mahdi
Karen Vaccarini
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ISLAMIC SCIENCE ISLAMIC GOLDEN AGE (8TH -16TH CENTURY
I. MedicineII. PhilosophyIII. MathematicsIV. Natural ScienceV. Science LogicVI. Scientific Method
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ISLAMIC SCIENCE •Islamic Golden Age
• Between the 8th and 16th centuries
• Islam was the driving force behind the Muslim achievements
• known as Arabic science
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SCIENTIFIC METHOD
Experimentation Empirical
Observation Historical Methods Controlled
Experimentation Inquiry
Ibn al-Haytham (Alhazen) was a polymath who was a pioneer of modern optics and the scientific method
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MEDICINE
Systematic Experimentation
Quantification into the study of physiology
Discovery of the contagious nature of infectious diseases
Introduction of quarantine
Avicenna was a polymath who was considered a pioneer of experimental medicine and the concept of momentum
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ISLAMIC PHILOSOPHY
Logic in Islamic law and theologyi. Analogical reasoningii. Inductive reasoningiii. Categorical syllogism
Aristotelian logici. Metaphysics
Alfarabian logici. Contingentsii. Number and relation of the categoriesiii. the relation between logic and grammar
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FORMAL SCIENCES LOGIC
Avicennian logic as a replacement of Aristotelian logic.
Introduction on hypothetical syllogism (history of logic)
Temporal modal logic ( possibility, probability , necessity)
Inductive logic Developed science of citation-ISNAD 15TH century ASHARITE school Standards of an argument Islamic philosophers studied logic and language
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MATHEMATICS
Al-khawarizmi contributions to algebra: Intro to Arabic numerals Into to decimal point Al-Karagi first to introduce “THEORY OF
ALGEBRAIC CALCULUS” Prove binomial theorem Prove Pascal’s Triangle, integral cubes Ibn al-Haytham first for “SUM OF FORTH
POWERS” Invention of spherical trigonometry Omar Khayyam first to find solution to
cubic equations
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NATURAL SCIENCESASTRONOMY IN MEDIEVAL ISLAM
Stars in the sky
Aldebaran AltairAstronomical
Terms Alhidade Azimuth almucantar
Nasi al-Din Tusi was a polymath who
Nasir al-Din Tusi was a polymath who
resolved significant problems in the Ptolemaic system with the Tusi-couple, which played an important role in Copernican heliocentrism
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NATURAL SCIENCESCHEMISTRY
Alembic
Still
Distillation
Liquefaction
Crystallisation
Purification
Oxidisation
Filtration
Jabir inb-hayyan (Geber) was a polymath who is considered a pioneer of chemstry and perfumery
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NATURAL SCIENCEPhysics
Ibn Sahl mathematician and
physicist First to discover law of
refraction (Snell’s law) Used this law to work out
the shapes of lenses that focus light with no geometric aberrations, known as anaclastic lenses
set out his understanding of how curved mirrors and lenses bend and focus light
Reproduction of a page of Ibn Sahl's manuscript showing his discovery of the law of refraction (from Rashed, 1990). The original (ca. 984) is public domain.
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Source: Islamic Golden Age. Retrieved November 15, 2008 from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamic_Golden_Age