i - southeast asian 86-91 revised

7/28/2019 I - SouthEast Asian 86-91 Revised

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South East Asian Countr ies 86

CHINESE TEMPLE JAPANESE PADODA

J A P A N E S E T O R I I

C A M B O D I A N T E M P L E

B U R M A N T E M P L E T H A I L A N D R O Y A L P A L A C E


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Chinese Architeecture 87

CHI NESE ARCHI TECTURE3rd CENTURY B .C. TO PRESENT

ARCHITECTURAL CHARACTERISTIC FEATURES1. Structu res were b ui l t in timber

2. Chief Structure are pai lou or Chinese gateways & pagodas or temples3. Color p lays a vital p art in th eir struc ture.4. They use Pantiles or s-tiles for their roofings.5. They use tou-kong instead of a capi tal from thei r co lumn.6. Chinese Feng Sui belief in bldg. construction & layout w/ regards to their

spirited god the Yin & Yang, source of good luck & misfortune.7. Pagodas height vary from 3 to 13 f l r . Usual ly odd num bers.

FAMOUS BLDG. STRUCTURES :a. GREAT WALLS OF CHINA by: SHI HUANG TIb. GREAT ROYAL PALACE by: SHI HUANG TIc. IMPERIAL PALACE forbidden city

d . TEMPLE OF THE SLEEPING BUDDHA

GATEWAYS IN CHINA ILLUSTRATIONS:


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Japanese Architecture 88

JAPANESE ARCHITECTURE6 TH CENTURY A.D. TO PRESENT

ARCHITECTURAL CHARACTERPERIODS OF DEVELOPMENT :1. ARCHAIC PERIODIntroduced the gussho type of construction based on

the pr inc ip le of th e r ig id i ty of a tr iangle wh ich form ed the fund amentalstructura l system cons idered resis tant to earthquakes.2. ASOKA NARRA PERIOD

a.) ASOKA PERIODpredominant religion Buddhism.e. g. Budd hist Templeb.) NARRA PERIOD in t roduct ion of d i f f . Roof construct ion:

1. Kir izum a gable roof2. Hog io pyramidal roof3. Ir imo ya hip roof4. Yosemun e hip r idge roof

3. KONIN PERIOD t ime of transi t ion when Japan was engrossed in assi lat ingimported cul ture thus l i t t le at tempt to adopt new arch i tectural forms.

4. FUJIWARA PERIOD Japanese p d. w/c reached th eir fu l l m aturi ty. OneLuxur ious feature found in a Japanese mansion is the B uddhist A l tar .

5. KOMAKURA MURAMACHI PERIOD decl ine of Buddh ist re l ig ion and r iseof military order. Tea house was added to a Japanese mans ion.

6. MAYAMA YENKO PERIOD center of archi tectural interest was transferred fromre lig ious to secular structures.EXAMPLES:

a.) TEMPLES : Bu ddh ist Temple of Horiuj i by: Nara & Nikko.Shinto Shr ine or Kami j i yama in IseKur id in i Temple, Kioto

b.) TOMBS : Tomb s of Leyasu, Nik koc.) PALACES : Imperi al Palace, Nara

Mikados Palace, KiotoPalaces o f the Shogu ns


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Japanese Architecture 89

I NDIAN ARCHITECTUREARCHITECTURAL CHARACTER

Indian Architecture is generally obscured and overwhelmed by a rhythmicalmult ip l ication of pilasters, comics, mouldings, roofs, finials & an exhuberant

overgrow th of scu lptura l decorat ions. Torana gateway entrance.

STYLES OF DIFFERENT PERIODS:

1. B UDDHIST ARCHITECTUREa. Stambh a or lath columns w/c were carved w/ inscr ip t ions crowned by emblems

suc h as elepant o r l ion, reminis cent o f Persipol i tan A rchitectu re.b. Stupa o r Topemounds containing sacred relic called Dagoba.c. Chaitya used as assembly hal ls w/c were excavated o ut o f a sol id roc k

result ing in the p resentation o f on e external faade.d. Vihara a monastery designed w/ courts or shr ines w/ a central square s pace

surrounded by priests chambers.2. JA IN A RCHITECTURE temples were patterned from B uddhist temples.

Temple bld gs. as a virtue ensu res happy futu re state.3. HINDU / BRAHMAN ARCH ITECTURE com binat ion of the v erd ic Cul t , Budd hism

& Brahmanism.

MONASTERIES

VIHARAS


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Indian Architectu re 90

TORANAS - Gateways in Buddhist Countr ies

KOREAN ARCH ITECTUREARCHITECTURAL EXAMPLES :

KOREA was div ided into 3 kingdoms ;1. Ko gu ryo 2. Paekche 3. Shi l laOnly a few stone bldgs. including two pagodas of Paekche & one of Shilla Construction ;also fr. the latter kingdom is the Chomsongdae , an astronomical observatory .e.g. Bulguksa Temple

BULGUKSA TEMPLE , KOREA


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Cambodian Archi tecture 91

CAMBODIAN ARCHITECTUREARCHITECTURAL EXAMPLES:

e. g. ANGKOR WAT a temples complex erected by SURYAVARMAN II. The biggest religiousstructure in the World. Initially, it was conceived as a temple mountain, symbolizing meru.

Thai land Architecture 92

TEMPLE OF ANGKOR WAT Great Temple Complex in CAMBODIA FEATURES :a.)A wide moat surrounding the enclosure.b.) Monumental causeway enclosed by balustrades formed by giants nagas, mythical serpents.c.) It is made up of stepped terraces.d.) The central sanctuary of the temple is on top of a stepped pyramid above the erraces.

THAILAND ARCHI TECTUREARCHITECTURAL CHARA CTER

Architecture assimilated from Buddhist Indian Architecture.ARCHITECTURAL EXAMPLE:

e.g. THRONE ROOM , ROYAL PALACE


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Indonesian Arch itecture 92

e.g. WAT PRA SRI SARAPET , AYUDHA , THAILAND

I NDONESIAN ARCHITECTURECHIEF STRUCTURE

B0R0BUDUR TEMPLE largest Budhhist temple in the Wor ld.

FEATURESa. A centra l Stupa at the top of n ine terraces surrou nded by many l i t t le stupas.b. Narrative carvings are fou nd o n th e wal ls of th e terraces.

i - southeast asian 86-91 revised

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