i. the new middle east. a. the mandate system 1.mandates: former middle east colonies of germany...
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I. The New Middle East
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A. The Mandate System
1. Mandates: former Middle East colonies of Germany & Ottomans divided by French & British
– Class C Mandates: colonies– Class B Mandates: given autonomy – Class A Mandates: Arab-speaking territories
2. British: Palestine, Iraq (King Faisal), & Trans-JordanFrance: Syria & Lebanon
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B. Modern Turkey
1. End of WWI Ottoman Empire collapsed:
– Mustafa Kemal: hero of Gallipoli campaign formed a nationalist government (1919) & reconquered Anatolia
2. Kemal an outspoken modernizer:
– declared Turkey a secular republic– introduced European laws– replaced Arabic alphabet w/ Latin alphabet
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C. France & its Territories
1. The Maghrib (Algeria, Tunisia, & Morocco) dominated by France
2. Arabs & Berbers discriminated against
3. France crushed nationalist uprisings in Lebanon & Syria
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D. Britain & its Territories
1. British declared Iraq independent
2. Britain declared Egypt independent (1922)
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E. The “Question” of Palestine…
1. Palestine Mandate: British tried to limit Jewish immigration in 1920s…
- alienated Jews & Arabs- Jewish settlements established (kibbutz)
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II. Tech. Changes of Modernity
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A. Class & Gender
1. Social class distinctions faded after WW I
2. 1920s: women enjoyed more personal freedoms & won right to vote (1915-1934)
3. Expanded role of government = more “white collar” workers
4. working class: benefitted from new machinery & organizing work
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B. Scientific Discoveries
1. The discovery of:
– Sub-atomic particles– Quantum psyics– Einstein’s theory of relativity
2. Potential for dangerous sources of energy…
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Sigmund Freud
“Father” of Psychology
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C. New Technologies
1. Airplanes
2. Electricity:- radio stations: news, sports, soap operas, & advertising
3. Film: “talking pictures” in Hollywood (1921)
4. Health & Hygiene:Medicinesewage treatment systemsindoor plumbingsoap
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The Jazz Singer
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D. Urban ENV
1. Skyscrapers:
– load-bearing steel frames & passenger elevators – European cities restricted building height
2. Automobiles:
– mass-produced cars (Model T)– construction of suburbs
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Chrysler Building