“i think she’s compensating for something!” a case of anther envy in the seemingly perfect...
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“I think she’s compensating for something!”
A case of anther envy in the seemingly perfect world of Mimulus
guttatus.
Joceline V. VuThe University of Virginia
Dr. Michael J. Wise
Summer Research 2009Blandy Experimental Farm
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Blandy Experimental FarmBoyce, VA
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Breeding Systems in Plants
hermaphroditism dioecymonoecygynodioecy
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?
male-sterility: reproductive costHow can females compensate in
a hermaphroditic population?
Problem of Interest
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Hermaphrodite (perfect)
Male-Sterile (Female)
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Questions
Compensating for reproductive costs
- Fecundity?
- Pollinator attraction?
Plant Performance Experiment
Pollinator Preference Experiment
Plant Performance Experiment
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Methods1392 seedlings
611 from female lines
606 from perfect lines
316 295“sterile-sibling perfect”
593 13
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Plant Performance Experiment
Corolla Width and
Length
Fruit Count
Ovule Count
Corolla Width and
Length
Fruit Count
Ovule Count
Corolla Width and
Length
Fruit Count
Ovule Count
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Corolla Width
P = 0.01
Female Perfect
Cor
olla
wid
th (
mm
)
18.6
18.8
19.0
19.2
19.4
19.6
19.8
20.0p < 0.0001
Corolla Length
Female Perfect
Cor
olla
leng
th (
mm
)
18.9
19.0
19.1
19.2
19.3
19.4
19.5
19.6p = 0.01
Female flowers are larger than perfect
flowers
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Females flower earlier than hermaphrodites
Female Perfect
Day
of
first
flo
wer
18.5
19.0
19.5
20.0
20.5
21.0
21.5
p = 0.03
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Females produce more fruits and more
ovules/fruit
Female Perfect
Fru
its p
er p
lant
34
36
38
40
42
44
46
48
50
p < 0.0001
Female Perfect
Ovu
les
per
locu
le
260
280
300
320
340
360
p < 0.0001
Fruit Number Ovule Number
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Summary: Plant PerformanceFemales have bigger flowers,
more fruits, and more ovules/fruit
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Pollinator Preference
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Pollinator Preference
Floral Display, Plant Visits, Flowers/Plant Visit
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Ope
n flo
wer
s
0
10
20
30
40
50
Trial 1 Trial 3Trial 2
a
a
a
bb
b bbb
Female plants have a larger floral display
but…
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Flo
wer
s vi
site
d
0
1
2
3
4
5
Trial 1 Trial 3Trial 2
aa
a
ba
bbab
Flower visits per plant visit is higher for perfect plants than
females
ab
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Floral display affects flower visits per plant visit for
perfect flowers
Number of flowers0 20 40 60 80 100
Flo
wer
s pe
r pl
ant
visi
t
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
Hermaphrodites:r = 0.30; p = 0.002
Females:r = 0.10; p = 0.35
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Summary: Pollinator PreferenceBees visit all plants equally
Once on a hermaphrodite, they stay longer
Fertilization?
Inbreeding?
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Conclusions
Can female plants compensate enough to compete in a perfect
world?
fecunditypollination
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Acknowledgements
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Questions?