i tried getting it all donebut…. - college of continuing ... · type of analysis (risk, voltage,...
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� I tried getting it all done....but….
� Graphics
� References
� Examples
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� Methods and approach associated with performance of a distribution system assessment.
� What a distribution system analysis is and what makes up the elements of distribution system analysis studies.
� Deliverable output of the distribution assessment study and importance of the data and its impact and use on distribution operation and planning.
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� System of components and facilities that
transfer electric power from bulk delivery
systems to customers
� The main function of an electrical power
distribution system is to provide power to
individual consumer premises.
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� Components: equipment, assemblies,
and portions which make up a
distribution system
� Transformer, Switch, Fuse, Recloser
� Circuit components (cap bank, relays)
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� Provides means and methods to
determine ‘present’ state of power
distribution system, associated
equipment, functionality, and reliability
� Provides means to determine the
electrical and mechanical health of
power equipment and power distribution
system
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� Determines and discovers defects,
deficiencies, hazards, or weaknesses in
existing distribution systems – provides
recommendations for correction
� Grades issues and provides cost
estimates to make corrections,
upgrades, and maintain existing and
future functionality and reliability
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� Assessment = process by which the
overall condition of a system is
discovered and documented to allow for
understanding of existing conditions
� Analysis = determination from
computation and analytics of the
operating characteristics and
performance of a system
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�Assessment tells us what the
condition is…
�…Analysis tells
us how it’s
working
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� Reliability of equipment
� Lifespan of components (remaining)
� Cost of operation
� Cost of replacement
� Opportunity for upgrade and expansion
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� Define what failure is
� Identify cost factors associated with failure
� Develop cost for each failure type
� Include intangibles › Customer satisfaction
› Regulatory
› Impact to capital projects, etc.
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� Power transformers
� Emergency generators
� Distributed generation sources
� Distribution transformers
� Distribution structures
� Protection& switching equipment
� Service Equipment
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� SAIDI – system average interrupt duration
index
� SAIFI – system average interrupt
frequency index
� CAIDI – customer average interrupt
duration index
� CAIFI – customer average interrupt
frequency index
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� System Definition
� Data Definition
� Field Assessment
� System Analysis
� System Valuation
� System Recommendations
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� Component based definition of types
and range of equipment
� System boundaries
› What will be included in assessment
› Mapping system components
› Identification of condition of any outside
interconnections (closed system)
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� Identification of normal and emergency
operating conditions
� Acceptable
levels of
operating
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� Data sources – where are we getting
information
� Define levels of data for each
component type
� Inspection criteria for field inspections
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� Data depository – how will data be
gathered and stored
� Data review & verification – who
reviews/assesses, how verified
� Customer feedback – used? How
gathered?
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� Who will perform
� Data to be gathered (see data definition)
� System conditions during field assessment
� Static vs. dynamic inspections
� Data collation and storage
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� Definition of levels of operating
performance
� Method of analysis (simplified, standard,
model)
� Type of analysis (risk, voltage, Markov)
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� Analytical metrics for comparison (SAIDI,
SAIFI, CAIDI, etc.)
� Results – components of concern
� More…later
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� Value basis – how will system be graded
(cost, performance, risk, etc.)
� Define acceptable value levels
� Comparison of assessment & analysis vs.
value levels
� Deliverable is identification of
components vs. value level
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� Identification of components of concern
(analysis) and below value level
(valuation)
� Identification of risks associated with
these items
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� Cost analysis associated with risks
� Develop recommendations to improve
system condition/performance
� Improvements must be linked to cost/risk
or value levels
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� Simplified› Qualitative
› Informal procedures that analyses risk
› Performed routinely thru brainstorming activities
� Standard› Qualitative or Quantitative
› Formal procedures using risk and probabilities (risk matrices)
› Documented process with formal results
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� Model
› Quantitative
› Formal methods using
event tree (ETA) and
fault tree analysis (FTA)
› Electric system simulation
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� Risk (resilience)
� Voltage Profile
� Markov
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� Risk analysis is quantitative means of
analyzing system based on historical
and expected system performance
based on a cost based valuation
� Risk levels
› Risk of breaking law/regulation
› Risk of customer outage with repair costs
› Risk of repair costs with no outage
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� Economic - net present value (NPV)
� Safety - simplified means, historical cost
� Environmental - risk matrix, NPV
� Supply (quality, source) - NPV
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� Reputational - risk matrix
� Vulnerability - system simulations,
historical cost
� Regulatory - simplified means
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� Investment cost
� O&M costs (repair
& damage)
� Cost of losses
� Customer outage
costs (revenue &
penalties)
� Congestion costs
(LMP, constraint
impacts)
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� Used in place of developing model
� ‘Standard level’ of system performance
� Versions:
› IEEE Reliability Test System (IEEE-RTS)
› Roy Billington Test System (RBTS)
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� Comparison of voltage quality as means of identifying areas/components of concern, which are compared against acceptable voltage levels as means to analyze system
� Method
› Load flow solution taking into account real (kW) and reactive (kVAR) power by analyzing voltage magnitudes and angles throughout system
› Typically performed in normal and emergency load conditions
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� Simulation – most flexible but high computation & uncertainty of precision
� Analytical› Network modeling → most popular (voltage
profile, ETA/FTA)
› Markov
� Network modeling cannot easily handle dependent events: fault isolation, load restoration, complex protection systems
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� System described by set of ‘states’
� Probability of moving to a new ‘state’
dependent on current state
� Includes hierarchical levels
› System topography/configuration
› Protection system behavior
› Protection device behavior
� Reliability characteristics assigned to
each component
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� No protection →
fault = blackout
� Primary protection
only
� Fault isolation thru
sectionalizing
� Back feeding
� Back-up
protection
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� List, charts, tables of reference data used
� Typically included in native file format
� Assessment and analysis inputs
� Typically Owner owned data
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� Field notes, component information, photos
� Data acquired from drawings and field inspections
� Verification and additions to drawings
� Includes existing condition assessment
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� Preliminarily from Owner provided data
� Revised based on field inspections
� Submitted in Owner directed
mapping/data format
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� Developed from analysis results
� Combination of performance and
condition reports
� Provides existing system performance
capabilities and risks
� Identifies components of concern
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� Associates cost values to each area of
assessment
� Typically placed in NPV format
� Includes any risk associated cost
revisions
� Combination of Owner data and
assessment input
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� Addresses the component of concern
� Solutions to correct areas of
performance that do not meet Owner
performance guidelines
� Recommendations for future
improvement with defined impact on
performance
� Recommendations must be cost based
(either NPV or FPV)
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� ‘Present’ state of power distribution system
� Electrical and mechanical health of power equipment and system
� Discovers defects, deficiencies, hazards, or weaknesses in existing system
� Grades issues for importance and magnitude
� Cost estimates to maintain existing and future reliability
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� Every system changes as equipment and
components are changed, added,
removed, or aged and as the load flow
on the system changes.
� Not performing distribution analysis
places system at risk for unintended
consequences when system is altered
by many changes that impact the
reliability and function of the system.
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