i wouldn’t give a fig for the simplicity this side of complexity, but i would give
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Senior University: Session 5 18 th and Early 19 th Century. I wouldn’t give a fig for the simplicity this side of complexity, but I would give my very life for the simplicity the other side of complexity. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
I wouldn’t give a fig for the simplicity this I wouldn’t give a fig for the simplicity this side of complexity, but I would giveside of complexity, but I would give my very life for the simplicity the other sidemy very life for the simplicity the other side of complexity.of complexity. Oliver Wendell HolmesOliver Wendell Holmes
Senior University: Session 5Senior University: Session 5 1818thth and Early 19 and Early 19thth Century Century
Geology in the News
Engineers Challenged to Extract Methane from Bottom Sediments in Rwandan Lake Kivu
Mt. KilimaniaroMt. Kilimaniaro3.6 mmy3.6 mmyfootprintsfootprints
5 mmy5 mmyOldestOldestHumanoidHumanoid
Lake VictoriaLake Kivu
Lake Victoria
Lake KivuA
fric
an R
ift
Val
ley
Lak
es
Geology in the NewsAustin American Statesman: 02-22-08
Genetic changes due to time and distance traced back to African Rift Valleys
From: Ron Redfern, 2000, OriginsFrom: Ron Redfern, 2000, Origins
Lake Victoria
Humanid Sites: 1 million to 10,000 ybpHumanid Sites: 1 million to 10,000 ybp
Migrated up and out from AfricaMigrated up and out from Africa
Last Continental Glacier
Last Continental Glacier110,000 to 10,000 ybp
110,000 to 10,000 ybp
What is the earliest evidence of Modern Humans?What is the earliest evidence of Modern Humans?
From: Ron Redfern, 2000, OriginsFrom: Ron Redfern, 2000, Origins
Putting it all Together
GeologyHistoryReligion
10,00010,000
YearsYears
The Overall Picture:The Overall Picture:From the Last Ice Age to the PresentFrom the Last Ice Age to the Present
End
of L
ast
End
of L
ast
Ice
Age
Ice
Age 5,000
5,000
YearsYears
20072007
Hinduism Hinduism
ChristianityChristianity
Judaism Judaism
IslamIslam
BuddhismBuddhism
Stone Age Stone Age
3000
3000
year
s
year
s
ConfucianismConfucianism
BronzeBronze
The Last 3000 YearsThe Last 3000 Years
Iron Age 1400 to 750 BCIron Age 1400 to 750 BC
Hinduism Hinduism
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ConfucianismConfucianism
Judaism Judaism
ChristianityChristianity
IslamIslam
Buddhism Buddhism
10001000
Sphere Earth 250 BC to 1492 AD
Sun center of our universe
Greece Rome
Theories on Earth as a Sphere
Earth a Sphere, 250 BC-1492. 200 BC Greek philosophers,
100 AD Marinus of Tyre,150 AD Ptolemy,
1492 AD Columbus
Hinduism Hinduism
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ConfucianismConfucianism
Judaism Judaism
ChristianityChristianity
IslamIslam
Buddhism Buddhism
10001000
Sphere Earth 250 BC to 1492 AD
Sun center of our universe
Greece Rome
Greek Empire: 300 to 146 BC Greek Empire: 300 to 146 BC From the Danube to the Nile, to the Indus riversFrom the Danube to the Nile, to the Indus riversThree river flood plains of ancient Civilizations!!Three river flood plains of ancient Civilizations!!
Greek Empire: 300 to 146 BC Greek Empire: 300 to 146 BC From the Danube to the Nile, to the Indus riversFrom the Danube to the Nile, to the Indus riversThree river flood plains of ancient Civilizations!!Three river flood plains of ancient Civilizations!!
Metals in Ancient Greece
Greek Empire: 600 BC
National Geographic, Dec. 2007National Geographic, Dec. 2007
Roman Empire: 146 BC to 476 ADRoman Empire: 146 BC to 476 AD
Extended from England & Spain through Egypt to Iraq
Controlled vast mineral resources as well as huge populations
Po RiverFlood plainIron Iron
Roman Empire: Getting Started
Roman Empire: Claudius BCRoman Empire: Claudius BC
Acquired England, Wales, Turkey & EgyptAcquired England, Wales, Turkey & Egypt with their natural resourceswith their natural resources
Hinduism Hinduism
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ConfucianismConfucianism
Judaism Judaism
ChristianityChristianity
IslamIslam
Buddhism Buddhism
10001000
Round Earth 250 BC to 1492 AD
Sun center of our universe
To
urs
Greece Rome Islam EmpireIslam Empire
Mohammed (AD 570-632) Mecca, Saudi Arabia Prophet of God
World Conquests (acquiring resources)
637 Jerusalem640 Persia (India part)
689 North Africa
711 Spain
Conquests: 634 Syria
Muslim Expansion West through Africa and East to India (worlds best steel!!)
In India, get steel-making technology bring it to Europe (Damascus Steel)
Battle of Tours 732
Muslim ExpansionStopped in France
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Round Earth 250 BC to 1492 AD
Sun center of our universe
To
urs
Greece Rome Islam EmpireIslam Empire
Battle of Tours: Most important in History of the West!!!
Gave Christianity the Natural Resources (metals) of Europe
Gave “Metal” Nations the “Simple” Geology of Great Britain, France and Germany
Hinduism Hinduism
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ConfucianismConfucianism
Judaism Judaism
ChristianityChristianity
IslamIslam
Buddhism Buddhism
10001000
Round Earth 250 BC to 1492 AD
Sun center of our universe
To
urs
Crusades
Greece Rome
First Crusade: 1097 to 1099 AD
Early Christian use of Steel
Iron
Palestine
Christian Europe competing with Muslim Africa-Middle East
Arab (Muslim)Oil!!!!
Europe’sMetals &Coal
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ChristianityChristianity
IslamIslam
10001000
Round Earth 250 BC to 1492 AD
Sun center of our universe
To
urs
Crusades
Greece Rome
Mar
co P
olo
Italian Marco Polo opens land trade route with China and Beyond
Marco Polo proves the size of the Eurasian supercontinent
Christian Europe competing with Muslim Africa-Middlee East
Marco Polo Route
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IslamIslam
10001000
Round Earth 250 BC to 1492 AD
Sun center of our universe
To
urs
Crusades
Greece Rome
Mar
co P
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Da
Vin
ci
Leonardo de Vinci on Biblical Deluge
1500 Early Renaissance Leonardo de Vinci:questioning of Biblical Deluge
Layered fossil rich rocks far from the Sea.1. too far from sea to have crawled2. some unbroken, not swept in3. fossil beds mixed with non fossil beds
Conclusion: Fossils beds not evidence of Noah’s Flood
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IslamIslam
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Round Earth 250 BC to 1492 AD
Sun center of our universe
To
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Crusades
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92
Columbus commissioned by Spain to find The short cut to China by sailing west
Christian Europe competing with Muslim Africa-Middle East
Columbus commissioned by Spain to find The short cut to China by sailing west
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IslamIslam
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Round Earth 250 BC to 1492 AD
Sun center of our universe
To
urs
Crusades
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Mar
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De
Re
Met
allic
a
Georg Bauer (Agricola) (1494-1556) First mining textbook, “De Re Metallica”
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Georg Bauer (Agricola) (1494-1556) First mining textbook, “De Re Metallica”
Mining Scenes from De Re Metallica
Another Scene from De Re Metallica
The archaeologists’ divisions---Stone, Bronze, and Iron Ages---may serve (them but) metallurgists have not hesitated to protest. No doubt (their ages) represent the sequence in which the metal objects are found, yet it by no means follows that was the order of their discovery. Note: p.420
Hoovers on Iron and Bronze ages
Let’s look at a modern mine
Hoover on sequence of Human Mining
Bonneterre Lead Mine, MO
St. Joseph Lead Co. Mill, MO
St. Joseph Mine “Works”, MO
Elevator Hoist Machine
Off to Work They Go
Electric Engine Pulling Ore Cars
Working on a Trapeze
Mining outThe Ceiling
Drilling Holes for Dynamite
St. Joseph Lead Co. Bonneterre Mine, MO
Mine Pillar1. Black=lead ore
Black=lead ore
Top of LaMott Sandstone Layer
Mine Debris (Chat Pile)
Back to the 1600’s
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Sun center of our universe
To
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De
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Met
alic
a
Sir
Isaa
c N
ewto
n, 1
687
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umbu
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Sun, not Earth, Solar System Center
Copernicus, 1543.
Galileo, 1642
Sir Isaac Newton, 1687
Medieval and Renaissance Times1600’s Noah’s Flood responsible for all rocks and fossils.
Werner = Neptunism
Burnet = Catastrophism
1600’s Consensus: Earth: God’s Awesome RECENT CreationJob 12:10 “that the hand of the Lord has done all these things”
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Sun center of our universe
To
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a
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Bib
le
King James English Bible: (Protestant) Bible in the language of the common person
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Bib
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Bis
hop
Uss
her
Bishop Ussher: “Creation 4004 BC” “Noah’s Flood” 2000 BC
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Bishop Ussher, 1452 to 1519
Biblical Chronology: Creation 4004 BC
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Round Earth 250 BC to 1492 AD
Sun center of our universe
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uthe
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Martin Luther: 1483 – 1546 German theologian
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“When Moses writes that God created heaven and earth and whatever is in them in six days, then let this period continue to have been six days, and do not venture to devise any comment according to which six days were one day. But, if you cannot understand how this could have been done in six days, then grant the Holy Spirit the honor of being more learned than you are.”
Martin Luther, 1483 - 1586Comments on Genesis Creation
At the close of the 1600’sNatural Philosophy (geology) was inharmony with the Western Ecclesiastical,Political, & Economic Power Structure of the Time!
THIS HARMONY WOULD NOT LAST LONG!!
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Sun center of our universe
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Uss
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Jam
es H
utto
n: (1
726-
1797
)
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James Hutton: Father of Modern Geology
James Hutton: (1726-1797) Scottish gentleman farmer & physician
“The past history of our globe must be explained by what can be seen to be happening now”
Geology’s MostFamous RockOutcrop:
Siccar Point:Eastern Scotland on the North Sea
James Hutton: (1726-1797)Scottish gentleman farmer & physician Complex Sequence of Geological Events
Plutonism: Subterranian heat produced igneous rocks and mineral veins
James Hutton: Scottish gentleman farmer Complex Sequence of Geological Events
Plutonism: Subterranian heat produced igneous rocks and mineral veins
I could get along very well if it were not for those geologists. I hear the clink of their hammers at the end of every Bible verse. John Ruskin, Victorian writer and theologian
James Hutton, cartoon, studying outcrop having face profiles of his critics.
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Jam
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utto
n: (1
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1797
)
Cha
rles
Lye
ll: P
rinc
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s 18
30
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Charles Lyell: “Principles of Geology” Recorded & Expanded on Hutton’s Geology
Sir Charles Lyell, British Geology Compiler Principles of Geology, 1830
Famous for stating Hutton’s Uniformitarianism and principle of cross-cutting relationships.
Charles Lyell: British geologist“Principles of Geology” 1830
Today’s processes can be used to approximate processes of the past.
1. Uniformity of natural causes or processes throughout geologic time:
2. Uniformity of both intensity and rate throughout geologic time.
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Jam
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n: (1
726-
1797
)
Cha
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Lye
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William “Strata” Smith: English Surveyor Father of the Geological Map
Will
iam
Sm
ith
William “Strata” Smith, English Engineer
Smith created a Geologic Map of England while surveying construction of Canals
William “Strata” Smith, English Engineer
“The Map that Changed the World”
Used fossils to Identify Rock Layers of the Same Age and Engineering Significance
Geologic Map of England and Wales
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Charles Darwin: “The Origin of Species”The Book that changed the “world”: 1858
Will
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Sm
ith
Cha
rles
Dar
win
Charles Darwin (1809-1892)“Field Biologist and Geologist
Origin of Species: Natural Selection “The Survival of the Fittest”
Charles Darwin, age 32
Two Hypotheses on the Origin of Species
PunctuatedEquilibriumNiles Eldredge & Steven Jay Gould, 1972
Gradual“Equilibrium”
Geologic Time: “How old is our earth?”
1658 Bishop Ussher: 6000 years1785 James Hutton: 30 to 50 million years1830 Sir Charles Lyell: 80 million years
1899 John Joly, 90 million years (sea salts)Lord Kelvin, 24 to 40 million years (heat flow)
1947 to 1960 Radioactivity, 4.8 BILLION YEARS OLD!!
Future ??????
CenturySenior University: CenturySenior University: Session 6 The 20Session 6 The 20thth Century Century
Radioactive Decay of Uranium 238