i101/b100 problem solving with computershhakimza/info-i101_b100/lecture/unit_01… · 1 by: dr....
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By:
Dr. Hossein Hakimzadeh and Dr. Raman Adaikkalavan
Computer Science and InformaticsIU South Bend
I101/B100Problem Solving with Computers
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COMPUTERS AND CAREERS
Business, Arts, Healthcare, Law Enforcement, Legal Fields, Education, Sciences, Games, Homes, Sports
Slide 1- 2
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Data MiningComputers in Business
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Is soda typically purchased with bananas?Does the brand of soda make a difference?
Where should detergents be placed in theStore to maximize their sales?
Are window cleaning products purchased when detergents and orange juice are bought together?
How are the demographics of the neighborhood affecting what customers are buying?
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Computers in Sports Training Timing and
scorekeeping Data storage
and statistics “Smartballs”
sense when soccer goals are scored
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@ IUSB Computers are used in every field that you can think of. What are your options to learn computer science @ IUSB
Computer Science www.cs.iusb.edu Informatics www.informatics.iusb.edu
MS in Applied Mathematics and Computer Science BS in Computer Science BS in Informatics AS in Computer Science
Minor in Computer Science Minor in Computer Applications Minor in Informatics Minor in Cognitive Science
Certificate programs (computer applications, applied informatics, computer programming, advanced computer programming, technology for administration)
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What is a Computer?
An electronic DIGITALdevice that can store, and process data.
The computer accomplishes this task by using a program.
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What is a Program?
A plan to achieve a solution to a problem.
A set of sequential instructions, which cause a computer to perform a particular operation or task.
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Hardware vs. Software?
Hardware is the actual circuitry and physical equipment of a computer system. Hardware is Tangible.
Software is a sequence of instructions that are stored either magnetically or electronically. Software is non-tangible.
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Components of a Computer System
CPU (The Brain) (AKA Microprocessor)
BUS (Central Nervous System) (Series of parallel wires, which allow various component to communicate with each other.)
Memory (Storage) (ROM, RAM, Byte, Bit)
Secondary (Storage) (Disks, Tapes) (Floppy, Hard disk, Flash memory, CD, DVD)
Input Devices (Keyboard, Mouse)
Output Devices (Display monitor, printer)
Communication Devices
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How is information represented inside the Computer?
Binary digits or BITs (0’s and 1’s)
Why Binary Digits?
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How is information represented inside the Computer? Digital Computers are designed to
process data in numerical form. They can store and manipulate information such as numbers, characters, images, and sound using numbers.
The information inside the computer is expressed in the binary system.
Binary digits (bits), are made up of 0’s and 1’s. (e.g. 0, 1, 110, 11, 1010, and 1011 are all binary numbers).
Binary digits are easily expressed in the computer circuitry by the presence or absence of voltage. For example 1 may mean 5 volts and 0 may mean 0 volts.
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Digital vs. Analog?
Analog systems have a continues range of values.
Vinyl records Analog clocks Set of real numbers
Digital systems have a set of discrete values.
CD’s and DVD’s Digital clocks Set of integer numbers
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Digital vs. Analog?
Analog
Digital
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Digital vs. Analog?
Analog
Digital
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Digital vs. Analog?
Analog
Digital
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How do we represent English Characters inside the Computer? Characters are also represented
using binary numbers.
We use 8 bits to uniquely represent each character on the keyboard.
The partial ASCII table (right) shows how characters are mapped into binary numbers.
ASCII stands for (American Standard Code for Information Interchange)
Decimal Binary Character
65 01000001 A
66 01000010 B
67 01000011 C
68 01000100 D
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What about other languages? UNICODE is another standard
used to represent characters other than English.
こんにちは
привет
ciao你好
γειά σουمرحبا
여보세요
hälsningar
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COMPUTER TYPES & ORGANIZATION
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Classes of Computers PCs (Personal Computer)
Relatively small used by one person at a time Tablets/Phones
Small, portable, low power use, touch interface Mainframe
Still larger Requires support staff Shared by multiple users
Supercomputer Very powerful mostly used for scientific computatoin
Embedded Systems Used in various devices (microwave, car, refrigerator, toaster!)
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Computer Organization Four major functions: Input data (gathers data) Processes data into information Outputs data or information Stores data and information
DATA IN
INFORMATION OUT
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Computer Organization Five main components
Input devices Allows communication to the
computer Output devices
Allows communication to the user
Main memory (RAM) Memory locations containing
the running program Secondary memory
Permanent record of data often on a disk
Central Processing Unit (CPU) or Processor Brain of the computer
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Opening/Saving a File
CPU Copies the file to RAM
Edits the fileSaves the file
CPU Copies the file back to Disk
Permanent
Volatile (RAM)
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Hardware Things you can
touch and feel in a computer or attached to a computer
Printers Keyboard RAM
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Ports
Slide 1- 24
Entry & Exit Points
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Inside a Computer
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Mother Board & Expansion Boards