iai clpe test exam - tpsa -...
TRANSCRIPT
IAI CLPE TEST EXAM The questions for this test exam were taken from “The Science of Fingerprints”, “Quantitative
Qualitative Friction Ridge Analysis”, “Advances in Fingerprint Technology”, Scott’s Fingerprint
Mechanics, and the new “Fingerprint Sourcebook”. I attempted to include as many questions as
possible that were not included on the original practice exam. I hope this helps anyone wishing to take
the IAI CLPE exam.
Dan Schrader
1. __________ are also known as sweat glands.
a. Follicle glands
b. Secretion glands
c. Eccrine glands
d. Ridge glands
2. ________ of fingerprints are loop patterns.
a. 30%
b. 65%
c. 5%
d. 70%
3. The highest densities of eccrine glands are found on the ________ and________.
a. Arms, legs
b. Palm, soles
c. Underarms, crotch
d. Head, neck
4. The ________ is the inner layer of friction skin.
a. Epidermis
b. Dermis
c. Volar
d. Basal
5. Friction ridges are made up of ___________
a. volar arrangements
b. Individual minutiae
c. volar patterns
d. Ridge units
6. Two concepts that make fingerprints useful in identification are ________ and
________.
a. Dermis, epidermis
b. Persistence, uniqueness
c. Eccrine, sebaceous
d. Individualization, exactness
7. __________ are the most likely to be involved in a false identification.
a. Loop patterns
b. Accidental whorls
c. Arch patterns
d. Lazy Loops
IAI CLPE TEST EXAM
8. __________ was credited with being the first to use a microscope in medical studies.
a. Govard Bidloo
b. Thomas Taylor
c. Juan Vucetich
d. Marcello Malpighi
9. __________ published a thesis which classified prints into nine different patterns.
a. William Herschel
b. Francis Galton
c. Johannes Purkinje
d. Thomas Bewick
10. __________ made it a practice to require the palm prints, and later the right index and
middle fingers, on every contract he made.
a. William Herschel
b. Francis Galton
c. Edward Henry
d. Alphonse Bertillon
11. __________ is most known for proving that friction ridge skin is persistent.
a. Edmond Locard
b. Inez Whipple
c. Edward Foster
d. William Herschel
12. __________ put his thumb print over the amount on payroll checks to ensure they were
not altered or changed.
a. Thomas Taylor
b. Alfred Hale
c. Gilbert Thompson
d. Edward Henry
13. The International Association for identification was founded in ________.
a. 1923
b. 1915
c. 1935
d. 1929
14. ___________ established the science of poroscopy.
a. Inez Whipple
b. John Ferrier
c. David Hepburn
d. Edmond Locard
15. __________ were used on legal contracts in Babylon from 1855-1913 B.C.
a. Wooden notches
b. Hand Prints
c. Nail stamping
d. Finger seals
IAI CLPE TEST EXAM
16. When small characteristics are found in agreement, the volume of ________ detail is
greatly increased.
a. Analyzing
b. Individualizing
c. Minutiae
d. Characterizing
17. There are approximately ________ ridge units, on average, in one square inch of fiction
skin.
a. 1700
b. 1900
c. 2700
d. 2900
18. Friction ridge identification is based on the ________ of friction ridge formations in
________ having sufficient ________ to individualize.
a. Direction, fingerprints, detail
b. Clarity, impressions, quantity
c. Quality, latents, frequency
d. Agreement, sequence, uniqueness
19. ________ ________ and some form of loops are often confused.
a. Rounded impressions
b. Tented Arches
c. Wet Prints
d. Accidental whorls
20. If the ridge is entirely within the pattern area, the delta is located at the end ________
nearer the point of convergence of the type lines.
a. Farther
b. Nearer
c. Bifurcated
d. Diverging
21. The __________ has two deltas and at least one ridge which makes or tends to make a
complete circuit.
a. Accidental whorl
b. Plain whorl
c. Double loop whorl
d. Central pocket whorl
22. The rule for tracing in an accidental or double loop whorl is “when the tracing passes
inside of the _________, stop at the nearest point to the right delta on the ________.
a. Pattern area, downward trend
b. Left delta, upward trend
c. Left delta, upward trend
d. Right delta, upward trend
IAI CLPE TEST EXAM
23. Prints with an arch or tented arch in any finger or a radial loop in any except the index
fingers constitute the small-letter group of the ________.
a. Primary classification
b. Secondary classification
c. Subsecondary classification
d. Major division
24. For the purpose of obtaining the ________, numerical values are assigned to each of
the ten fingers.
a. Primary Classification
b. Secondary Classification
c. Subsecondary classification
d. Major division
25. Ridge counts are translated into ________ and ________, represented by symbols
________ and ________. (
a. Left, right, L, F
b. Small, large, I, O
c. Small, large, S, L
d. Minimum, maximum, <, >
26. The ________ is obtained by counting the ridges of the first loop appearing on the
fingerprint card, except the little fingers.
a. Major
b. Subsecondary
c. Key
d. Final
27. The ________ is based on the ridge count of the loop in the right little finger.
a. Major
b. Subsecondary
c. Key
d. Final
28. The correct ________ is needed to obtain the complete subsecondary and the major
classifications.
a. Pattern interpretation
b. Digit determination
c. Whorl tracing
d. Ridge count
29. Skin that has been immersed in water for a long time is called ________.
a. Decomposition
b. Mummification
c. Putrification
d. Maceration
IAI CLPE TEST EXAM
30. Flesh which has become rotted is called ________.
a. Dessication
b. Decomposition
c. Putrification
d. Maceration
31. Skin that has become dried out is called ________.
a. Decomposition
b. Dessication
c. Putrification
d. Maceration
32. In the event of maceration, the ridges may become ________.
a. Broader
b. Thinner
c. Non-visible
d. Deteriorated
33. In the event of dessication, the impression may appear ________.
a. Larger
b. Smaller
c. Non-visible
d. Deteriorated
34. When an impression is plainly visible, it should be ________ first.
a. Photographed
b. Lifted
c. Processed
d. Enhanced
35. Iodine processed prints appear ________ against the background.
a. Pink-purple
b. Blue-black
c. Yellow-brown
d. Orange-red
36. The development of latent prints with ninhydrin is dependent on the ________ which are
present in the ________.
a. Fatty substances
b. Lipids
c. Amino acids
d. Sodium chloride
37. ________ was the first to describe the repetitiveness and similarities in friction ridge
patterns with the recognition that specific ridge arrangements are never duplicated.
a. William Herschel
b. Arthur Kollman
c. Harold Cummins
d. J.C.A. Mayer
IAI CLPE TEST EXAM
38. The ________ are found between the primary ridges on the bottom of the epidermis.
a. Secondary epidermal ridges
b. Dermal papillae
c. Primary epidermal ridges
d. Incipient friction ridges
39. The first noticeable development of friction ridge skin on the volar surfaces takes place
at about ________.
a. 10 weeks gestation
b. 12 weeks gestation
c. 6 weeks gestation
d. 8 weeks gestation
40. The size of the volar pad influences the ________ developing on the surface.
a. Number of pores
b. Localized pattern
c. Minutiae locations
d. Delta location
41. By the 15th to 16th week, the ________ begin to develop.
a. Primary Ridges
b. Secondary Ridges
c. Dermal Papillae
d. Pore ducts
42. Friction ridges are ________ throughout life except for permanent scarring.
a. Permanent
b. Fixed
c. Persistent
d. Developing
43. ________ is how well the details from 3-D ridges that are reproduced in the 2-D print.
a. Quality
b. Quantity
c. Clarity
d. Detail
44. Intrinsic ridge shapes and relative pore locations are designated as ________.
a. 1st level detail
b. 2nd level detail
c. 3rd level detail
d. Minutiae
45. Permanent scars result from damage to the ________ of the epidermis.
a. Generating layer
b. Malpighi layer
c. Dermal Layer
d. Granular layer
IAI CLPE TEST EXAM
46. When sequence is maintained, the weight placed on each area of comparison is
________.
a. Limited
b. Accumulative
c. Equal
d. Lessened
47. The manner in which friction ridge skin touches a substrate influences the ________.
a. Surface area recorded
b. Intrinsic value
c. Technique used for processing
d. Variations in appearance
48. ________ is the assessment of a print as it appears on the substrate.
a. Analysis
b. Comparison
c. Evaluation
d. Verification
49. Determination of whether details in two prints are in agreement based upon similarity,
sequence, and spatial relationship is referred to as ________.
a. Analysis
b. Comparison
c. Evaluation
d. Verification
50. The formulation of a conclusion based upon analysis and comparison of friction ridge
skin is ________.
a. Analysis
b. Comparison
c. Evaluation
d. Verification
51. As the quantity of details in the prints increases, the requirement for quality of details
________.
a. Increases
b. Decreases
c. Equals
d. Is not needed
52. ________from friction ridges can etch into some metals such as polished brass or
galvanized ductwork.
a. Fatty substances
b. Lipids
c. Amino acids
d. Sodium chloride
IAI CLPE TEST EXAM
53. Increased ________ increases the friction ridge surface in contract with the substrate
and narrows the appearance of the furrows.
a. Matrix distortion
b. Development medium
c. Imbrication
d. Deposition pressure
54. ________ is usually accompanied by sideways sliding of the friction ridges resulting in a
smearing of the ridge matrix.
a. Matrix Distortion
b. Imbrication
c. Pressure distortion
d. Development medium distortion
55. When an area of ridge path is found to be in agreement but slightly out of spatial
sequence, there may be ________ indicators.
a. Imbrication
b. Pressure distortion
c. Development medium distortion
d. Matrix distortion
56. ________ also play a part in recognizing double-taps and similar distortions.
a. Development medium distortion
b. Anatomical aspects
c. Substrate texture
d. Ridge path configuration
57. _________ are the result of differential growth during the fusion of the ridge units into
islands of varying lengths and bifurcations.
a. Intrinsic ridge formations
b. Ridge paths
c. Major ridge path deviations
d. Cluster identifications
58. The anatomical aspects of the digits in a cluster assist with________.
a. Digit determination
b. Substrate type
c. Deposition pressure
d. Fingerprint analysis
59. The ________ is the only major crease that has not been linked to volar pad formation.
a. Thenar crease
b. Proximal transverse crease
c. Distal transverse crease
d. Major flexion crease
IAI CLPE TEST EXAM
60. At 8 weeks, the ________flexion crease starts to appear between the thumb and index
finger.
a. Wrist bracelet
b. Thumb bracelet
c. Interdigital
d. Thenar
61. The ridges of the fingers, palms, and soles of the feet are commonly referred to as
_____________ or ____________ ridges.
a. Nascent, Incipient
b. Primary, Secondary
c. Papillary, Friction
d. Dermis, Epidermis
62. Two elements that enter into proof of identity of fingerprints are __________ and
__________.
a. Pattern Type, Ridge Flow
b. Pattern Type, Position of Characteristics
c. Characteristics, Classification
d. Characteristics, Position of Characteristics
63. The papillary system consists of __________.
a. Nerves, Skin Cells, Blood Vessels, Papillae
b. Glands, Ducts, Ridges, Pores
c. Deltas, Cores, Ridges, Characteristics
d. Fingers, Palms, Toes, Soles of the Feet
64. Identical, as used in fingerprint work, is the strictest term for __________ agreement in
all details.
a. Assured and Developed
b. Exact and Concrete
c. Absolute and Complete
d. Similar and Geographically Correct
65. ___________ and the nature of the ___________ may superficially alter the relative
positions of ridge characteristics.
a. Weather Conditions, Criminal Incident
b. Processing Technique, Lighting Conditions
c. Excessive Pressure, Receiving Surface
d. Fingerprinting Experience, Subject Age
66. When a rolled impression is correctly taken, the __________ or __________ shows in
the inked impression just above the bottom line of the space.
a. Delta, Platform Ridges
b. Space Number, Space Value
c. Pattern Area, Medial Joint
d. Fissure, Flexion Crease
IAI CLPE TEST EXAM
67. Two of the most common faults which result in poor quality impressions are
___________ and lack of __________.
a. Moisture, Ink
b. Age, Cleanliness
c. Carelessness, Skill
d. Age, Attention to Detail
68. A photographic film exposure consists of __________ basic variables.
a. Two
b. Three
c. Four
d. Five
69. The four classes of fingerprint brushes are __________.
a. Hair, Feather, Fiberglass, Magnetic
b. Zephyr, Sirchie, Megawand, Fluorescent
c. Feather, Fiberglass, Fluorescent, Disposable
d. Camel Hair, Fluorescent, Zephyr, Disposable
70. The substance placed in iodine fuming pipes to absorb breath moisture is __________.
a. Sulfuric Acid
b. Cotton Stuffing
c. Calcium Chloride
d. Sodium Dioxide
71. Optimum development of ninhydrin treated latent prints is obtained when the items
processed are subjected to a post processing environment of __________ percent
relative humidity.
a. 55 to 70
b. 65 to 80
c. 45 to 60
d. 35 to 50
72. Of all the latent fingerprint techniques used by fingerprint technicians, the most
hazardous to health are those involving __________.
a. Butanedione
b. Molybdenum Disulfide
c. Calcium Chloride
d. Benzidine
73. Latent fingerprints are powdered primarily for color contrast when __________ is the
objective.
a. Visualization
b. Photography
c. Lifting
d. Comparison
IAI CLPE TEST EXAM
74. The best powdering technique to use on porous surfaces, such as paper, is __________
powders.
a. Fluorescent
b. Magnetic
c. Colored
d. Heavy
75. Thermoplastic powdering techniques are commonly referred to as the __________
technique.
a. Fused Print
b. Coating
c. Impressed
d. Fluorescent
76. The most suitable materials for flame techniques were found to be __________ and its
products.
a. Soft Plastic Bags
b. Heated Metal Sheets
c. Hard Porous Materials
d. Soft Resinous Pine
77. The primary source of oils and fats found in perspiration is sebum, a secretion of the
__________.
a. Lipids
b. Papillary Glands
c. Sebaceous Glands
d. Hair Follicles
78. Of all the solvents used for ninhydrin solutions, __________, __________, and
__________ result in the greatest damage to inks.
a. Acetic Acid, Methyl Acetone, Ethyl Acetone
b. Acetone, Methyl Alcohol, Ethyl Alcohol
c. Sulfuric Acid, Muriatic Acid, Benzidine
d. Ardrox, Rhodamine, Nitrobenz
79. Silver nitrate reacts with the salts of latent residue, __________ and __________
chloride. (Scott’s Chapter 7)
a. Sebum, Sodium
b. Sodium Potassium
c. Potassium, Ammonium
d. Keratine, Methyl
80. Hydrogen fluoride __________ glass.
a. Cleans
b. Dissolves
c. Etches
d. Fluoresces
IAI CLPE TEST EXAM
81. __________ fuming is, perhaps, the most preferable chemical technique for developing
latent fingerprints on brass.
a. Cyanoacrylate
b. Iodine
c. DFO
d. Nitric Acid
82. The laser technique for visualization of latent fingerprints is, simply, the direct
__________ and __________ of laser induced luminescence of latent fingerprint
residue.
a. Illumination, Recording
b. Viewing, Photography
c. Examination, Comparing
d. Processing, Analyzing
83. Transparent lifts mounted on transparent covers may be used as photographic
__________.
a. Focal Points
b. Negatives
c. Records
d. None of the Above
84. A modified __________ solution may be used for lifting bloody fingerprints.
a. Ninhydrin
b. Leochomalichite Green
c. Ethyl Alcohol
d. Benzidine
85. Enamel and smooth finished oil based paints should always be processed with
__________.
a. Cyanoacrylate
b. Fluorescent Dyes
c. Fingerprint Powders
d. Ninhydrin
86. Iodine development of latent prints on paper is uncertain after several __________.
a. Days
b. Weeks
c. Months
d. Years
87. __________ studied the cross sections of fetal skin and was able to describe the
formation of friction ridges during fetal development and the differential growth of friction
ridges.
a. Inez Whipple
b. Alfred Hale
c. David Hepburn
d. Arthur Kollmann
IAI CLPE TEST EXAM
88. __________ was the first to write that friction ridge skin is unique.
a. William Herschel
b. Edward Henry
c. J.C.A. Mayer
d. Marcelo Malphighi
89. __________ proposed the idea of using bloody prints found at a crime scene as a
means to identify criminals.
a. Thomas Taylor
b. Henry Faulds
c. Gilbert Thompson
d. Herman Klaatsch
90. This person was the first person to identify the presence of volar pads on the hands and
feet.
a. Herman Klaatsch
b. Inez Whipple
c. I.W. Taber
d. Arthur Kollmann
91. Using thumbprints to identify Chinese immigrants was proposed by __________ in 1886.
a. Francis Galton
b. I.W. Taber
c. David Hepburn
d. Eduardo Alvarez
92. In what year was the Identification Division in the U.S. Justice Department’s Bureau of
Investigation established?
a. 1904
b. 1944
c. 1914
d. 1924
93. __________ extend from the primary ridges and are anchored in the dermis or
hypodermis.
a. Secondary Ridges
b. Sweat Glands
c. Dermal Papillae
d. Epidermal Cells
94. Volar pads appear on the palms and soles of the feet between __________.
a. 3 to 8 Weeks
b. 10 to 15 Weeks
c. 9 to 12 Weeks
d. 15 to 20 Weeks
95. Flexion creases develop in the fingers during which week?
a. 7
b. 8
c. 9
d. 10
IAI CLPE TEST EXAM
96. Ridges that form on high, pronounced volar pads conform to the surface as __________
patterns.
a. Low Count Loop
b. High Count Loop
c. High Count Whorl
d. Low Count Loop
97. The __________ is imparted from the permanent base structure through a myriad of
random forces, which themselves, are affected by a seemingly infinite number of factors.
a. Pattern Configuration
b. Size of the Pattern Area
c. Proliferation of Basal Cells
d. Uniqueness of Friction Skin
98. When recording fingerprints, the two key factors to remember are __________.
a. Cleanliness and Experience
b. Control and Pressure
c. Subject Position and Finger Control
d. Condition of Friction Ridges and Attitude of Subject
99. In reference to recording postmortem friction skin detail, friction skin that has been
immersed in water is referred to as __________.
a. Dessicated
b. Macerated
c. Putrified
d. None of the Above
100. __________ developed a method to help identify recidivists by measuring specific
body parts.
a. William Henry
b. Alphonse Bertillon
c. Johannes Purkinje
d. Francis Galton
101. __________ devised a method of using ink to record the fingerprint impressions of all
10 fingers on cards and soon had collected thousands of fingerprint cards.
a. Johannes Purkinje
b. William Herschel
c. Henry Faulds
d. Alphonse Bertillon
102. __________ published his book Fingerprints in 1892 in which he established that
fingerprints are both permanent and unique.
a. Francis Galton
b. Edward Henry
c. William Herschel
d. Arthur Kollmann
IAI CLPE TEST EXAM
103. The Henry Classification System allowed for __________ primary groups.
a. 1069
b. 1036
c. 1043
d. 1024
104. The FBI’s Footprint Classification System includes the __________.
a. Heel of the Foot
b. Big Toe Pattern Area
c. Ball Area Of the Foot
d. Volar Areas Beneath Each Toe
105. Automated fingerprint systems are based on the ___________ from images.
a. Search Requested
b. Data Extraction
c. Candidates Returned
d. Algebraic Calculations Formulated
106. During its first year of inception, IAFIS processed nearly __________ submissions.
a. 145,000
b. 1,450,000
c. 14,500,000
d. 145,000,000
107. Automatic fingerprint matching can perform fingerprint comparisons at the rate of
__________ of times each second.
a. Hundreds
b. Thousands
c. Tens of Thousands
d. Hundreds of Thousands
108. Post transfer conditions, also called __________, are forces that affect the quality of
latent prints after deposition.
a. Processing Techniques
b. Pressure Distortion
c. Environmental Factors
d. None of the Above
109. Latent prints on these surfaces are more susceptible to damage due to the residue
residing on the surface.
a. Porous
b. Non-Porous
c. Textured
d. Semi-Porous
110. Studies have shown that significant changes begin to occur in the latent print
____________ after deposition.
a. Within Hours
b. Shortly
c. In a Uniformed Method
d. Almost Immediately
IAI CLPE TEST EXAM
111. The purpose of __________ appears to be to help prevent sweat evaporation and to
lubricate the surrounding skin.
a. Eccrine Secretions
b. Amino Acids
c. Sebaceous Secretions
d. Water-Insoluble Secretions
112. __________ is one of many chemicals that act as a nonspecific amino acid reagent
and is, therefore, highly suitable for fingerprint development.
a. Vacuum Metal Deposition
b. Leucomalachite Green
c. Ninhydrin
d. Silver Nitrate
113. This chemical process is used in sequence with ninhydrin to develop fingerprints on
porous surfaces.
a. 1,2 Indanedione
b. Diazafluoren-9-one
c. Cyanoacrylate
d. Sudan Black
114. The three stage process of cyanoacrylate fuming produces __________.
a. Identifiable Prints
b. Differential Growth
c. Level 3 Detail
d. Polymer Growth
115. The silver ions in silver nitrate react with the chloride ions in __________ contained in
the latent print residue to form __________.
a. Salt, Fluorescent Images
b. Amino Acids, Brown to Black Images
c. Salt, Brown to Black
d. Lipids, White to Gray
116. A __________ is an aqueous solution containing silver ions and a reducing agent that
reduces silver ions to silver, and two other sets of chemicals.
a. Small Particle Reagent
b. Silver Nitrate
c. Silver Physical Developer
d. Silver Chloride
117. __________ detects friction ridge skin detail where the friction ridge skin or the
substrate has been contaminated with grease, food residue, or dried deposits of soda or
sweetened drinks.
a. Small Particle Reagent
b. Sudan Black B
c. Amido Black
d. Coomassie Blue
IAI CLPE TEST EXAM
118. A vital aspect of maintaining the integrity of evidence is the acquisition of a digital
camera that meets or exceeds the guidelines set forth by SWGFAST and NIST. This
resolution is set at __________.
a. 100 ppi at 2:1
b. 1000 ppi at 1:1
c. 500 ppi at 1:1
d. 900 ppi at 2:1
119. For friction ridge skin to be valuable for the examination of two prints, the unique
features of ridges, creases, scars, and imperfections in the skin must be __________
between the two occurrences when each print was made.
a. Visible
b. Unaltered
c. Persistent
d. Identical
120. __________ is the formulation of a conclusion based upon analysis and comparison of
friction skin.
a. Evaluation
b. Analysis
c. Verification
d. Comparison
121. Photographs and lifts recovered from the scene must be marked in a manner that
__________ of the latent print or photograph.
a. Identifies the Identification Technician
b. Reflects the Origin
c. States the Date Lifted
d. Maintains the Chain of Custody
122. The __________ are typically localized to regions containing hair follicles, as well as
the face and scalp.
a. Eccrine Glands
b. Endocrine Glands
c. Follicle Glands
d. Sebaceous Glands
123. The use of magnetic powders as a technique for visualizing latent prints was first
introduced by __________.
a. The Army Crime Lab in Japan
b. Herbert MacDonell
c. The FBI Crime Lab
d. James Pounds
IAI CLPE TEST EXAM
124. The __________method was at one time considered to be a practical technique for the
recovery of prints on skin.
a. Iodine-Silver Plate Transfer
b. Leucomalachite Green
c. Super Glue Fuming
d. Ninhydrin-Silver Nitrate Heat Transfer
125. Ninhydrin is also known as __________.
a. Triketedone Sulfate
b. Ninhydrinhydrate Sulfide
c. Triketohydrindene Hydrate
d. Ninhydroindane Hydride
126. The Ag-PD is water based and thus it visualizes the __________ portion of the latent
print residue.
a. Amino Acid
b. Fatty Lipid
c. Water Insoluble
d. Sebaceous
IAI CLPE TEST EXAM
1. C
2. B
3. B
4. B
5. D
6. B
7. C
8. D
9. C
10. A
11. D
12. C
13. B
14. D
15. D
16. B
17. C
18. D
19. B
20. B
21. D
22. D
23. B
24. A
25. B
26. C
27. D
28. C
29. D
30. C
31. B
32. A
33. B
34. A
35. C
36. C
37. D
38. A
39. C
40. B
41. B
IAI CLPE TEST EXAM
42. C
43. C
44. C
45. A
46. B
47. D
48. A
49. B
50. C
51. B
52. C
53. D
54. C
55. B
56. B
57. C
58. A
59. B
60. D
61. C
62. D
63. B
64. C
65. C
66. D
67. C
68. C
69. A
70. C
71. B
72. D
73. B
74. B
75. A
76. D
77. C
78. B
79. B
80. C
81. D
82. B
IAI CLPE TEST EXAM
83. B
84. D
85. C
86. B
87. B
88. C
89. A
90. D
91. B
92. D
93. B
94. A
95. B
96. C
97. D
98. B
99. B
100. B
101. C
102. A
103. D
104. C
105. B
106. C
107. C
108. C
109. B
110. D
111. C
112. C
113. B
114. D
115. C
116. C
117. B
118. B
119. C
120. A
121. B
122. D
123. B
IAI CLPE TEST EXAM
124. A
125. C
126. C