iana important, but not for what they do · 17/10/2016 · nwg ghost haunted rfcs unql late 2009...
TRANSCRIPT
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IANAImportant,butnotforwhattheydo
Sco;BradnerHarvardUniversity17October2016
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OnceUponaTime• StartedwithNetworkWorkingGroup-1968
Ad-hocgroup“concernedwiththeHOSTso2ware,thestrategiesforusingthenetwork,andini9alexperimentswiththenetwork”RFC3
NWGghosthauntedRFCsunQllate2009
• ThenRFCs–1969JonPostelRFCserieseditor
• ThencoordinaQngsocketnumbers–1972JonPostelcoordinator
IANAname–RFC1060in1988JoyceK.ReynoldslistedastheIANAcontact
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Morethansockets• IP&ProtocolParameters:RFC739–1977• IPaddressaretoohard–DNS:RFC882/3–1982• Hierarchyisyourfriend–commonTLDs:RFC920–1984
• Allthepartsinplaceby1984Jon&[email protected]
e.g.1988DARPAcontractwithISI,extendedin1997
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But“noone”caredforadecade• Well,theInternetfolkdid• ButthetradiQonaltelcomandcorporatenetworkingpeopleandcompanieddidnotItsjustatoy–noQoS,noguarantees,nosecurity
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SteadyState1984-1995• ProtocolParameters
Databasemaintenance(only)forIETF• IPaddresses&ASNs
AllocateblockstoRIRsNetworkSoluQons,RIPE-NCC,APNIC
• DNSRFC920TLDs+.net+.int+rootservers(“oversee”)RFC1591:DomainNameSystemStructureandDelegaQon
Thereareasetofwhatarecalled"top-leveldomainnames"(TLDs).ThesearethegenericTLDs(EDU,COM,NET,ORG,GOV,MIL,andINT),andthetwolePercountrycodesfromISO-3166.ItisextremelyunlikelythatanyotherTLDswillbecreated.–JonPostel,March1994
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$$$$$• 1993:NetworkSoluQonswonRFPtoregisterdomainnamesin.com,.net&.org
• Sept.1995:NSFOKedNetworkSoluQonschargingfordomainnameregistraQons-$100/2yearsAbout100K.comnamesin1995
Wouldbe1Mby1999
• Moneytobeminted• ButNetworkSoluQonswastheonlygameintown
SomeccTLDssawthelure
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DNSandtheothertwo• IANAdealtwiththreetopics• ButDNSwastheonlyoneofinteresttomostpeopleItwaswherethemoneywasItwaswheretheTrademarkissueswereItwaswherethelawyerswereItwaswherethepoliQcianswereItwaswherethepolicywonkwanabeeswereItsallthenewsmediacouldgrok(orthinktheydid)
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MoreTLDs?• Firestormoverchargingfordomainnames• Fall1995:PostelfloatedideaofaddingnewTLDs
TocreatecompeQQon• Nov.1995:ISOCDNSrestructureproposal
dral-isoc-dns-role-00.txtIAB&ISOCchairs,JonPostel&NickTrioco-authors
MovegTLDmanagementunderISOCRegisternewgTLDs(note–callediTLD“internaQonal”)
• Nov.1995:NSF-sponsoredDNSworkshopatHarvardNSFsensingfirestorm?
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DNSEVOLVBOF• Dec.1995:DNSEVOLVBOFatIETF34inDallas• Agenda:
ISOCproposalSpiriteddiscussion
DoweneedmoreTLDs?Roughconsensus
NewgTLDswouldsolvefewproblemsNewTLDsnotcompeQQonforexisQngTLDsforexisQngdomains
ToohardtorewirethewebtopointtoanewdomainBut…
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IAHC• May1996:Postel–proposedadhocDNSworkinggroupsforDNSissuesdral-postel-iana-itld-admin
Alsoproposed150newgTLDsinfirstyear,30/yearalerward
• Nov.1996:InternaQonalAd-HocCommi;ee(IAHC)formedbyISOC&IANARepresentaQvesfromIAB,NSF,WIPO,ITU,INTAReport&MoUpublishedinFeb.1997
Recommendedestablishing7newTLDsRecommendedRegistrar/Registrymodel>200signersoftheMoU
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Incoming!• Feb.1997:ImageOnlineDesignsuedIANA
i.e.JonPostelClaimedhehadrenegedonapromisetosell.webtoImageOnlineDesign
Claimedtheyhadanoralagreement
SuedtostopIAHCplan(whichincluded.web)
• Jul.1997:EugeneKashpureffreroutedInterNICwebsitetoAlterNICusingDNScachepoisoningAlterNICwasanalternaQveDNStree
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Meanwhile• ARINincorporatedApril18,1997• InbusinessDec.1997• FCCrequiredlanguageinArQclesofIncorporaQon
toencouragetheexplora9onofnewaddressingandrou9ngtechnologiesthatreduceoreliminatethecostsorinsomecasestheneedforrenumberingwhenanInternetServiceProviderorenduserchangestoanewInternetServiceProvider;and,whensuchalterna9vesaredeveloped,toworkwithitsmemberstofacilitatetheassignmentofportableaddressesand/ortheelimina9onofthecostofInternetProtocolrenumbering
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(Vice?)PresidenQalDirecQve• 1July1997:AFrameworkforGlobalElectronicCommerce
• Principles1.Theprivatesectorshouldlead.2.Governmentsshouldavoidunduerestric9onsonelectroniccommerce.3.Wheregovernmentalinvolvementisneeded,itsaimshouldbetosupportandenforceapredictable,minimalist,consistentandsimplelegalenvironmentforcommerce.4.Governmentsshouldrecognizetheuniquequali9esoftheInternet.5.ElectronicCommerceovertheInternetshouldbefacilitatedonaglobalbasis. 13
(Vice?)PresidenQalDirecQve,contd.• 2July1997:RequestforCommentsontheRegistra9onandAdministra9onofInternetDomainNames(62FR35896)• Requestedcommentonprinciplesincluding:
Theprivatesector,withinputfromgovernments,shoulddevelopstable,consensus-basedself-governingmechanismsfordomainnameregistra9onandmanagementthatadequatelydefinesresponsibili9esandmaintainsaccountability.
• 430commentsreceived
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Meanwhile• Jonworkedonaproposalofhisvisionofa“insQtuQonalized”IANA
• ConsultedwithmanyinIETF• ConsultedwithIraMagaziner(DoC)• Semi-finalbyendof1997
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ReengineeringtheInternet• ConferenceinLondon,Jan.26-291998• IraMagazinerforeshadowedU.S.governmentapproachQuesQoninQ&A–WhynotjustgiveIANAtoITU?Magaziner:Internetmovestoofastforgovernments
• Joncouldnotmakeit,inhissteadIpresented:Ins9tu9onalizingtheIANAFunc9onsToDeliveraStableandAccessibleGlobalInternetforMissionCri9calBusinessTrafficandTransac9onsCopyonwww.sobco.com(Googleforitifinterested)
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Excitement!• Jan.281998(duringtheconference)–U.S.governmentdiscoveredJonhad“redirectedtheroot”Aprocessexperiment?
• Causedquiteabuzzattheconference• Heated,inprivate,wordsfromMagazinertome“GetthismessagetoJon,NOW.”Irawasoneunhappydude!
• “Experiment”endedafewdayslater
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GreenPaper• 20Feb.1998:ImprovementofTechnicalManagementofInternetNamesandAddresses;ProposedRule
• InformedbyIAHC-MoU,butnotacloneWeproposethecrea9onofaprivate,not-for-profitcorpora9on(thenewcorpora9on)tomanagethecoordinatedfunc9onsinastableandopenins9tu9onalframework.Thenewcorpora9onshouldoperateasaprivateen9tyforthebenefitoftheInternetasawhole.
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GreenPaper,contd.• Authority:
1.Tosetpolicyforanddirectthealloca9onofnumberblockstoregionalnumberregistriesfortheassignmentofInternetaddresses;2.Tooverseetheopera9onofanauthorita9verootserversystem;3.Tooverseepolicyfordetermining,basedonobjec9vecriteriaclearlyestablishedintheneworganiza9on'scharter,thecircumstancesunderwhichnewtop-leveldomainsareaddedtotherootsystem;and4.Tocoordinatethedevelopmentofothertechnicalprotocolparametersasneededtomaintainuniversalconnec9vityontheInternet.
• i.e.,allofIANA,notjustDNS,butjustIANA• >400commentsreceived
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Wewantout!• 16-20Feb.1998:APRICOT‘98Manila• Headsof3RIRs&ImetwithJon• RIRrequest:leaveusoutofnewIANA
Wedonotwanttobe“inbed”withtheDNSmessToomanylawyersandtoomuchantagonism
• Me:samerelaQvetoprotocolparameters• Jon:notenough“therethere”withnumbersorparametersforthemtostandontheirown,needDNStomakeaviableorganizaQon
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Wewantout!,AnotherA;empt• AsISOCVPforStandardsI,atsomepoint,askedDoCtotaketheprotocolparametersoutoftheIANAcontractNoteveryoneinIETFwantedout,butworthasking
• DoCsaid“no”becausetheywantedto“move”theexisQngIANAcontractw/ochangeAnychangemightmeantheywouldhavetorebidthewholething
Withtheresultbeingtotallyunpredictable
• Note:noproblemwithserviceIETFwasgevng!
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WhitePaper• 10June’98:ManagementofInternetNamesandAddresses(63FR31741)
• “StatementofPolicy”Internetstakeholdersareinvitedtoworktogethertoformanew,private,not-for-profitcorpora9ontomanageDNSfunc9ons1)setpolicyforanddirectalloca9onofIPnumberblockstoregionalInternetnumberregistries;2)overseeopera9onoftheauthorita9veInternetrootserversystem;3)overseepolicyfordeterminingthecircumstancesunderwhichnewTLDsareaddedtotherootsystem;and4)coordinatetheassignmentofotherInternettechnicalparametersasneededtomaintainuniversalconnec9vityontheInternet.thenewcorpora9oncouldbefundedbydomainnameregistries,regionalIPregistries,orotheren99esiden9fiedbytheBoard.
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SelfAppointedCommunityReviews• Interna9onalForumontheWhitePaper
MeeQngsinReston,Geneva,Singapore,&BuenosAires
• BostonWorkingGroup• …• Thousandsofa;endees• Talkingaboutaverydifferentconceptthanjustthe4IANAfuncQons
• Assumed“theInternetmanager”• i.e.,wanQngtofillaneededvacuum
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ICANNProposal• JondevelopedaspecificproposalfortheInternetCorpora9onforAssignedNamesandNumbers
• 2Oct.1998:proposalsubmi;ed• 16Oct.1998:Jondied• 20Oct.1998:DoCsaidtheywouldacceptJon’sproposal(withtweaks)
• 26Oct1998:1stICANNboardmeeQngCloseddoormeeQngSetapa;ern?
• 21Nov1998:ICANNincorporated• 25Nov.1998:DoC&ICANNsign10-yearMoU
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ICANNMoU• IntheDNSProject,thepar9eswilljointlydesign,develop,andtestthemechanisms,methods,andprocedurestocarryoutthefollowingDNSmanagementfunc9ons:
• a.Establishmentofpolicyforanddirec9onofthealloca9onofIPnumberblocks;b.Oversightoftheopera9onoftheauthorita9verootserversystem;c.Oversightofthepolicyfordeterminingthecircumstancesunderwhichnewtopleveldomainswouldbeaddedtotherootsystem;d.Coordina9onoftheassignmentofotherInternettechnicalparametersasneededtomaintainuniversalconnec9vityontheInternet;ande.Otherac9vi9esnecessarytocoordinatethespecifiedDNSmanagementfunc9ons,asagreedbythePar9es.
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ICANNMoU,contd.• TheDOCagreestoperformthefollowingac9vi9esandprovidethefollowingresourcesinsupportoftheDNSProject:ProvideexperQse,parQcipate&collaborate…Consultwiththeinterna9onalcommunityonaspectsoftheDNSProject.CollaborateonwriPentechnicalproceduresforopera9onoftheprimaryrootserverincludingproceduresthatpermitmodifica9ons,addi9onsordele9onstotherootzonefileMaintainoversightofthetechnicalmanagementofDNSfunc9onscurrentlyperformedeitherdirectly,orsubjecttoagreementswiththeU.S.Government,un9lsuch9measfurtheragreement(s)arearrangedasnecessary,fortheprivatesectortoundertakemanagementofspecificDNStechnicalmanagementfunc9ons.
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AffirmaQonofCommitments• Sep.2009MoUreplacedbyAffirma9onofCommitmentsThisdocumentaffirmskeycommitmentsbyDOCandICANN,includingcommitmentsto:(a)ensurethatdecisionsmaderelatedtotheglobaltechnicalcoordina9onoftheDNSaremadeinthepublicinterestandareaccountableandtransparent;(b)preservethesecurity,stabilityandresiliencyoftheDNS;(c)promotecompe99on,consumertrust,andconsumerchoiceintheDNSmarketplace;and(d)facilitateinterna9onalpar9cipa9oninDNStechnicalcoordina9on
• PlusotheroperaQonalcommitmentsPaya;enQontotheGAC
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ICANNBudget:$M
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ICANN:gTLDsareus
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ICANNBylaws:Words
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1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 2016 2018
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IamIgnoring• WSIS• VariousITUandITU-Tproposals• IGF• …• MostlyignoringICANNcommunitysupport
BlewalotofgoodwillatstartTooolenseenassecreQve&capriciousGeneralI*viewisthatitsbe;erthananyforeseeablealternaQve
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EnvironmentalChanges• Sep.2001:India,Brazil,andSouthAfrica(IBSA)Internetgovernance(whateverthatis)toUN
• Jun.2013:EdwardSnowden• Oct.2013:I*-MontevideoStatementontheFutureofInternetCoopera9onLetsgetamoveonawayfromUSgovernmentoversight
• Apr.2014:NetMundialIniQaQve25-membercounciltobeInternetgovernance
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TheBeginningoftheEndoftheBeginning• 14Mar.2014:NTIAAnnouncesIntenttoTransi9onKeyInternetDomainNameFunc9ons
• RequestsoneIANAtransiQonplan• Thetransi9onproposalmusthavebroadcommunitysupportandaddressthefollowingfourprinciples:Supportandenhancethemul9stakeholdermodel;Maintainthesecurity,stability,andresiliencyoftheInternetDNS;Meettheneedsandexpecta9onoftheglobalcustomersandpartnersoftheIANAservices;and,MaintaintheopennessoftheInternet.
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TransiQonProposalRequirements• ParQestobeInvolved
InternetEngineeringTaskForce(IETF)TheInternetArchitectureBoard(IAB)TheInternetSociety(ISOC)TheRegionalInternetRegistries(RIRs)TopleveldomainnameoperatorsVeriSignAndotherinterestedglobalstakeholders.
• NTIAwillnotacceptaproposalthatreplacestheNTIArolewithagovernment-ledoraninter-governmentalorganiza9onsolu9on.
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DevelopingaTransiQonProposal• Jun.2014IANAStewardshipCoordina9onGroup(ICG)formedtodeveloptheproposaltobesenttotheNTIA
• 3subgroups:IPaddresses
CoordinatedRIRIANAStewardshipProposal(CRISP)
ProtocolParametersIETFianaplanWorkingGroup
DomainNamesCrossCommunityWorkingGroup(CWG)
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ICANNAccountability• Majorconcern–who/whatwillholdICANNaccountablealerthetransiQon?
• Fall2014:ICANNAccountabilityandGovernanceCrossCommunityWorkingGroup(CCWG)createdtoworkonanaccountabilityandgovernanceplan
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AccountabilityResult• Alerhugecommunity&ICANNeffort• RevisedICANNmissionstatement• IndependentReviewProcess• EmpoweredICANNcommunitythatcantakeacQononlya2erextensivecommunitydiscussionsanddebatesthroughprocessesofengagementandescala9on
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CommunityPowersRejectICANNBudgets,IANABudgetsorStrategic/Opera9ngPlans.RejectchangestoICANN’sStandardBylaws.ApprovechangestonewFundamentalBylaws,Ar9clesofIncorpora9onandCANN’ssaleorotherdisposi9onofallorsubstan9allyallofICANN’sassets.RemoveanindividualICANNBoardDirector.Recalltheen9reICANNBoard.Ini9ateabindingIndependentReviewProcess(whereapaneldecisionisenforceableinanycourtrecognizinginterna9onalarbitra9onresults).RejectICANNBoarddecisionsrela9ngtoreviewsoftheIANAfunc9ons,includingthetriggeringofPostTransi9onIANAsepara9on.Therightsofinspec9onandinves9ga9on
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TowardsaTransiQonProposal• 6Jan.2015:IETFsubmitsplantoICG• 15Jan.2015:CRIPSsubmitsplantoICG• 25Jun.2015:CWGsubmitsplantoICG• 29Oct.2015:ICGcreatesfinalplan
Onholdpendingaccountabilityplan• Jan2016:3groupssuggestmovingIANAIPRtoIETFTrust,IETFTrustagreestoholdIPR
• Feb2016:CCWGproducesfinalaccountabilityplan
• 10Mar.2016:TransiQonProposalsubmi;edtoNTIA
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Meanwhile• 10Apr.2014:US.Housesubcommi;eeholdhearingontransiQon–nooutcome
• 17Sep.2015:NTIextendsIANAcontractto30Sep.2016
• 14Dec.2015:USCongressblocksNTIAfromrelinquishingresponsibilityforInternetDNSfuncQonsatleastunQlSeptember30,2016
• Spring2016-Sep.2016:someincongresstrytoblocktransiQonBecauseitwouldbetakenoverbyRussiaorChinaandendangerourrightsonourInternet
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DoneDeal• 27May2016:ICANNchangeditsBylawstoimplementaccountabilityplan
• 30Sep2016:congressblocktoacQonandIANAcontractexpire
• 1Oct2016:thebeginningofanindependentIANA
• WhatJonplannedforandwhatDoChadsaidtheywantedsince1998
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TheRealizaQon(sortof)A2erseveralyearsofdebateandseveralmonthsofveryhardwork...wearedosetoaccomplishingthechallengelaiddownintheWhitePaper:tocreateaglobal,consensusnonprofitcorpora9onwithaninterna9onalboard,transparentandfairprocedures,andrepresenta9onofallthevariousInternetcons9tuencies,fromthetechnicalpeoplewhocreatedandhavenurturedtheInternetfromitsearliestdays,tothecommercialinterestswhonowseeitasanimportantbusinesstool,toindividualusersfromaroundtheglobe. JonPostel,7Oct.1998
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