iapelaLdj.k

ys[kd ds fo"k; esa

,e- y{ehdkar us jktuhfr foKku esa LukrdksÙkj dh fMxzh 1989 esa mLekfu;kfo'ofo|ky; ls izkIr dhA og ,d iwoZorhZ dksfpax laLFkku] ftls y{ehdkarvkbZ,,l vdkneh gSnjkckn ds uke ls tkuk tkrk Fkk] ds HkwriwoZ laLFkkid ,oafuns'kd FksA Hkkjrh; 'kklu] oLrqfu"B Hkkjrh; jktO;oLFkk vkSj yksd iz'kklu muds}kjk fy[kh xbZ vU; iqLrdsa gSaA

,e- y{ehdkar,e- y{ehdkar,e- y{ehdkar,e- y{ehdkar,e- y{ehdkarHkwriwoZ laLFkkidμfuns'kd

y{ehdkar vkbZ,,l vdkneh (can gks pqdk gS)gSnjkckn

iapelaLdj.k

McGraw Hill Education (India) Private LimitedCHENNAI

McGraw Hill Education OfficesChennai New York St Louis San Francisco Auckland Bogotá Caracas

Kuala Lumpur Lisbon London Madrid Mexico City Milan MontrealSan Juan Santiago Singapore Sydney Tokyo Toronto

McGraw Hill Education (India) Private LimitedPublished by McGraw Hill Education (India) Private Limited,444/1, Sri Ekambara Naicker Industrial Estate, Alapakkam, Porur,Chennai -600 116, Tamil Nadu, India

Bharat Ki Rajvyvastha, 5e

Copyright © 2017, 2014, 20111, 2010, 2009 McGraw Hill Education (India) Private Limited.

No Part of this publication may be reproduced or distributed in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying,recording, or otherwise or stored in a database or retrieval system without the prior written permission of the publishers. Theprogram listings (if any) may be entered, stored and executed in a computer system, but they may not be reproduced forpublication.

This edition can be exported from India only by the publishers.McGraw Hill Education (India) Private Limited

ISBN (13) : 978-93-5260-386-2ISBN (10) : 93-5260-386-9

Information contained in this work has been obtained McGraw Hill Education (India), from sources believed to bereliable. However, neither, McGraw Hill nor its authors guarantee the accuracy or completeness of any informationpublished herein, and neither McGraw Hill Education (India) nor its authors shall be responsible for any errors, omissions,or damages arising out of use of this information. This work is published with the understanding that McGraw HillEducation (India) and its authors are supplying information but are not attempting to render engineering or otherprofessional services. If such services are required, the assistance of an appropriate professional should be sought.

Typeset at Kaushik Laser Point & Printers, Tis Hazari Court, Delhi-53 and printed at

Cover Designer: Rajesh Pandey

Visit us at: www.mheducation.co.in

esjh iRuh

,e- fo|kdks lefiZr

ikBdksa ds lEeq[k Hkkjrh; jktO;oLFkk dh bl cgqiz'kaflr iqLrd ds iw.kZr% la'kksf/r] foLrkfjr rFkk v|ru laLdj.k izLrqrdjrs gq, eq>s csgn g"kZ gks jgk gSA

o"kZ 2011 rFkk 2013 esa la?k yksdlsok vk;ksx us izkjafHkd rFkk eq[; ijh{kkvksa dk Lo:i rFkk ikB;ozQe Øe'k% cnyfn;kA bu nksuksa la'kks/uksa }kjk Hkkjrh; jktO;oLFkk fo"k; dh O;kfIr dks dkiQh foLrkj fn;k x;kA iQyr% izLrqr la'kksf/r laLdj.kvc vfèkd mi;ksxh cu x;k gS vkSj ;g izfrLif/Z;ksa dh c

viii Hkkjr dh jktO;oLFkk

u;s ifjf'k"V

1- tu&izfrfuf/Ro vf/fu;e] 1950 dh /kjk,a

2- tu&izfrfuf/Ro vf/fu;e] 1951 dh /kjk,a

3- jk"Vªh; vk;ksxksa ds vè;{k

4- tEew ,oa d'ehj ds lafo/ku dh /kjk,a

eq>s iw.kZ fo'okl gS fd ;g iqLrd vc dkiQh foLr`r rFkk v|ru vè;;u lkexzh cu xbZ gSA ;g csgn larks"ktudgS fd blds xr pkj laLdj.kksa dks ikBdksa dh vHkwriwoZ iz'kalk feyh gSA eq>s fo'okl gS fd bl laLdj.k dks Hkh ikBdksa }kjkoSls gh Lohdkj fd;k tk,xkA

bl iqLrd dks vkxs vkSj ifj"Ñr djus ds ldkjkRed lq>koksa dk Lokxr gS vkSj muds fy, eSa ÑrK jgwaxkA

μ,e- y{ehdkar

izFke laLdj.k dh izLrkouk

mPp iz'kklfud lsokvksa ds vH;fFkZ;ksa ds le{k bl iqLrd dks izLrqr djrs gq;s eq>s vikj g"kZ gks jgk gSA ;g iqLrd muvH;fFkZ;ksa dh c

vkHkkj

bl iqLrd dks fy[krs le; eq>s vius ftu vè;kidksa] Nk=kksa] ikfjokfjd lnL;ksa] lgdfeZ;ksa] fe=kksa ,oa iqLrdky; deZpkfj;ksarFkk vU; yksxksa ls tks lg;ksx ,oa izksRlkgu feyk gS] eSa mu lcdk vkHkkjh gwaA

eSa fo'ks"k :i ls viuh iRuh ,e- fo|k dk vkHkkjh gwa] ftUgksaus bl iqLrd dh ys[ku vof/ esa eq>s vR;f/d izksRlkgufn;k rFkk esjk fujarj mRlkgo/Zu fd;kA

eSa jktuhfr foKkuh ,oa laoS/kfud fo'ks"kKksa (xzsufoys vkWfLVu] eksfjl tksal] ds-lh- Ogs;j] jtuh dksBkjh] ikWy ,isYch]ds- laFkkue] ,u-,- iky[khokyk] lksyh lksjkcth] Mh-Mh- clq] oh-,u- 'kqDyk] ,e-ih- tSu] lqHkk"k d';i) rFkk vU;'kksèkdrkZvksa dk vkHkkjh gwa] ftuds dk;ks± ,oa jpukvksa us eq>s bl iqLrd dks fy[kus esa vR;f/d lg;rk dh gSA

var easa vR;ar ifjJe ls fu;r le; esa bl dk;Z dks iwjk djus ds fy;s eSa eSDxzk&fgy lewg ds Jh rUeks; jk; pkSèkjh]lqDrh eq[kthZ ,oa /esZUnz 'kekZ dks Hkh /U;okn nsuk pkgrk gwaA

μ,e- y{ehdkar

ozQe la[;k o"kZ vad izLrkfor

1- 1993 892- 1994 893- 1995 894- 1996 895- 1997 896- 1998 897- 1999 898- 2000 1309- 2001 10010- 2002 13011- 2003 10012- 2004 10013- 2005 10014- 2006 10015- 2007 10016- 2008 13017- 2009 6618- 2010 6619- 2011 11120- 2012 4721- 2013 18022- 2014 15023- 2015 187

uksV% I. 2013 esa la?k yksdlsok vk;ksx us eq[; ijh{kk ds Lo:i rFkk ikB~;ozQe esa cnyko fd, gSaA ubZ Ldhe esa ,d u;kvyx isij tksM+k x;k gSμ'kklu] lafoèkku] jktO;oLFkk] lkekftd U;k; rFkk varjkZ"Vªh; lacaèkA ;g isij 250 vadksadk gSA

uksV% II. mijksDr rkfydk esa ̂ ^vUrjkZ"Vªh; laca/** (2013 ls) ls lacaf/r iz'uksa ds vadksa dh la[;k 'kkfey ugha gSA

la?k yksd lsok vk;ksx ijh{kk esaHkkjrh; jktO;oLFkk ij vadksa dk o"kZokj foHkktu

(lkekU; vè;;u&eq[; ijh{kk)

la?k yksd lsok vk;ksx ijh{kk esaHkkjrh; jktO;oLFkk ij iz'uksa dk o"kZokj foHkktu

(lkekU; vè;;u&izkjafHkd ijh{kk)

ozQe la[;k o"kZ iwNs x, iz'uksa dh la[;k

1- 1993 142- 1994 143- 1995 174- 1996 105- 1997 126- 1998 057- 1999 098- 2000 129- 2001 1210- 2002 1911- 2003 1912- 2004 2213- 2005 1014- 2006 1315- 2007 1216- 2008 1317- 2009 1418- 2010 1019- 2011 1220- 2012 2021- 2013 1822- 2014 1323- 2015 1524- 2016 05

uksV% o"kZ 2011 esa la?k yksdlsok vk;ksx us izkjafHkd ijh{kk dk Lo:i rFkk ikB~;ozQe cny fn;kA ubZ Ldhe esa ̂Hkkjrh; jktO;oLFkk*dks u;k uke ̂Hkkjr dh jktO;oLFkk ,oa 'kklu* fn;k x;k gSA blesa lafoèkku] jktuhfr O;oLFkk] iapk;rh jkt] yksduhfr] vfèkdkjksads eqn~ns vkfn dk lekos'k gSA blds vykok izR;sd iz'u dk igys ds 1 vad dh txg 2 vad gks x;k gSA

flfoy lsok ijh{kk ds nks eq[; pj.k gksrs gSa%(i) eq[; ijh{kk gsrq vH;fFkZ;ksa ds p;u ds fy;s flfoy lsok (izkjafHkd) ijh{kk (oLrqfu"B izdkj)] ,oa(ii) fofHkUu lsokvksa ,oa inksa esa p;u gsrq flfoy lsok (eq[;) ijh{kk (fyf[kr ,oa lk{kkRdkj)A

izkjafHkd ,oa eq[; ijh{kk ds fy, ;kstuk ,oa fo"k;

A. izkjafHkd ijh{kkbl ijh{kk esa nks vfuok;Z iz'ui=k] ftuesa izR;sd 200 vad ds gksrs gSaAuksV% (i) nksuksa iz'ui=k oLrqfu"B izzdkj (cgqfodYih iz'u) ds gksaxsA

(ii) ;s iz'ui=k vaxzsth ,oa fganh] nksuksa gh ekè;e esa gksaxsA

B. eq[; ijh{kkfyf[kr ijh{kk esa fuEufyf[kr iz'ui=k gksaxs%vgZd iz'ui=k%iz'ui=k&d lafo/ku dh vkBoha vuqlwph esa lfEefyr Hkk"kkvksa essa ls mEehnokjksa }kjk pquh x;h dksbZ ,d Hkkjrh; Hkk"kkA 300vadiz'ui=k&[k vaxzsth 300 vadfVIi.kh% Hkkjrh; Hkk"kk ,oa vaxzsth ds iz'ui=k vgZnk;h iz'ui=k gSa rFkk buesa izkIr vadksa dks dqy vadksa esa 'kkfey ugha fd;k tk;sxkA

ojh;rk ozQe ds fy, ftu iz'ui=kksa dks vk/kj cuk;k tk,xk] os bl izdkj gSa%iz'ui=k&I fuca/ 250 vadiz'ui=k&II lkekU; vè;;u&I 250 vad

(Hkkjrh; fojklr ,oa laLÑfr] fo'o dk bfrgkl ,oa Hkwxksy ,oa lekt)iz'ui=k&III lkekU; vè;;u&II 250 vad

('kklu O;oLFkk] lafo/ku] 'kklu iz.kkyh] lkekftd U;k; ,oa varjkZ"Vªh; laca/)iz'ui=k&IV lkekU; vè;;u&III 250 vad

(izkS|ksfxdh] vkfFkZd fodkl] tSo fofo/rk] i;kZoj.k] lqj{kk ,oa vkink izca/u)iz'ui=k&V lkekU; vè;;u&IV 250 vad

(uhfr'kkL=k] lR;fu"Bk ,oa vfHk:fp)iz'ui=k&VI oSdfYid fo"k; % iz'ui=k 1 250 vadiz'ui=k&VII oSdfYid fo"k; % iz'ui=k 2 250 vad

flfoy lsok ijh{kk ds fo"k; esa

mi;ksx (fyf[kr ijh{kk) % 1750 vadlk{kkRdkj% 275 vaddqy% 2025 vad

vH;FkhZ eq[; ijh{kk esa uhps nh x;h rkfydk ls fdlh ,d oSdfYid fo"k; dk p;u dj ldrs gSa%eq[; ijh{kk ds fy;s oSdfYid fo"k;ksa dh lwph

Ñf"k foKku i'kqikyu ,oa i'kq fpfdRlk foKku ùfoKku ouLifr foKku jlk;u foKku flfoy bathfu;jh okf.kT; 'kkL=k rFkk ys[kk fof/ vFkZ'kkL=k fo|qr bathfu;fjax Hkwxksy Hkw&foKku bfrgkl fof/ izca/u xf.kr ;kaf=kd bathfu;fjax fpfdRlk foKku n'kZu 'kkL=k HkkSfrdh jktuhfr foKku rFkk varjkZ"Vªh; laca/ euksfoKku yksd iz'kklu lekt 'kkL= lkaf[;dh izk.khfoKku fuEu eas ls fdlh ,d Hkk"kk dk lkfgR;%

vlfe;k] caxkyh] cksMks] Mksxjh] xqtjkrh] fgUnh] dUuM+] d'ehjh] dksad.kh] eSfFkyh] ey;kye] ef.kiqjh] ejkBh] usikyh]mfM+;k] iatkch] laLÑr] laFkkyh] fla/h] rfey] rsyqxw] mnwZ] vaxzsthA

xviii Hkkjr dh jktO;oLFkk

rkfydk 1-1 varfje ljdkj (1946) 1-9

rkfydk 1-2 Lora=k Hkkjr dk igyk eaf=keaMy (1947) 1-9

rkfydk 2-1 Hkkjr dh lafo/ku lHkk (1946) esa lhVksa dk vkcaVu 2-5

rkfydk 2-2 lafo/ku lHkk ds fy, gq, pqukoksa ds ifj.kke (tqykbZ&vxLr 1946) 2-5

rkfydk 2-3 lafo/ku lHkk (1946) esa leqnk; vk/kfjr izfrfufèkRo 2-5

rkfydk 2-4 Hkkjr dh lafo/ku lHkk esa 31 fnlEcj] 1947 dks jkT;okj lnL;rk 2-6

rkfydk 2-5 lafo/ku lHkk ds l=k% ,d utj esa 2-8

rkfydk 3-1 Hkkjrh; lafo/ku ij ,d utj 3-6

rkfydk 3-2 Hkkjrh; lafo/ku ds egRoiw.kZ vuqPNsnksa ij ,d utj 3-8

rkfydk 3-3 lafo/ku dh vuqlwfp;ksa ij ,d utj 3-10

rkfydk 3-4 lafo/ku ds Ïksr ,d utj esa 3-11

rkfydk 5-1 1950 esa Hkkjrh; {ks=k 5-4

rkfydk 5-2 1956 esa Hkkjrh; {ks=k 5-5

rkfydk 5-3 2014 esa Hkkjrh; {ks=k (2016 rd) 5-7

rkfydk 5-4 la?k ,oa blds {ks=kksa ls lEcfU/r vuqPNsn] ,d utj esa 5-7

rkfydk 6-1 ,uvkjvkbZ] ihvkbZvks ,oa vkslhvkbZ dkMZ gksYMj dh rqyuk 6-8

rkfydk 6-2 ukxfjdrk ls lEcf/r vuqPNsn% ,d utj esa 6-12

rkfydk 6-3 ukxfjdrk vf/fu;e (1955) ,d >yd esa (2015 rd la'kksf/r) 6-12

rkfydk 6-4 ukxfjdrk vf/fu;e (1955) dh vuqlwfp;ka% ,d utj esa 6-13

rkfydk 7-1 ewy vf/dkj% ,d utj esa 7-3

rkfydk 7-2 fonsf'k;ksa ds ewy vf/dkj 7-4

rkfydk 7-3 ekW'kZy ykW cuke jk"Vªh; vkikrdky 7-22

rkfydk&lwph

rkfydk 7-4 ekSfyd vfèkdkjksa ls lEcfUèkr vuqPNsn] ,d utj esa 7-27

rkfydk 8-1 ewy vf/dkjksa ,oa funs'kd rRoksa ds eè; foHksn 8-6

rkfydk 8-2 uhfr funs'kd fl¼karksa ls lEcfUèkr vuqPNsn% ,d utj esa 8-9

rkfydk 11-1 lafo/ku ds ewyHkwr

rkfydk&lwph xxi

rkfydk 22-7 yksdlHkk dh vof/;k¡ (izFke yksdlHkk ls orZeku yksdlHkk rd) 22-37

rkfydk 22-8 yksdlHkk ds vè;{k (izFke yksdlHkk ls orZeku yksdlHkk rd) 22-38

rkfydk 22-9 laln ls lacafèkr vuqPNsn% ,d utj esa 22-39

rkfydk 23-1 foHkkxh; LFkkbZ lfefr;k¡ 23-6

rkfydk 26-1 Hkkjrh; ,oa vesfjdh mPpre U;k;ky; dh rqyuk 26-9

rkfydk 26-2 mPpre U;k;ky; ls lacafèkr vuqPNsn% ,d utj esa 26-10

rkfydk 27-1 uoha vuqlwph esa 'kkfey vfèkdkfj;ksa ,oa fofu;eksa dh la[;k 27-5

rkfydk 30-1 jk"Vªifr ,oa jkT;iky dh ohVks 'kfDr dh rqyuk 30-7

rkfydk 30-2 vè;kns'k fuekZ.k esa jk"Vªifr ,oa jkT;iky ds vf/dkjksa dh rqyuk 30-8

rkfydk 30-3 {keknku ds ekeys esa jk"Vªifr ,oa jkT;iky dh rqyukRed 'kfDr;ka 30-9

rkfydk 30-4 jkT;iky ls lacafèkr vuqPNsn] ,d utj esa 30-11

rkfydk 31-1 eq[;ea=kh ls lacafèkr vuqPNsn] ,d utj esa 31-3

rkfydk 32-1 jkT; eaf=kifj"kn ls lacafèkr vuqPNsn] ,d utj esa 32-5

rkfydk 33-1 jkT; fo/kueaMy ,oa laln ds chp fo/k;h izfozQ;k dh rqyuk 33-10

rkfydk 33-2 jkT; fo/kueaMyksa dh lnL; la[;k 33-14

rkfydk 33-3 fo/kulHkkvksa esa vuqlwfpr tkfr ,oa vuqlwfpr tutkfr ds fy, vkjf{kr lhVsa 33-15

rkfydk 33-4 jkT; foèkkf;dk ls lEcfUèkr vuqPNsn] ,d utj esa 33-16

rkfydk 34-1 mPp U;k;ky; ds U;kf;d {ks=k ,oa uke 34-8

rkfydk 34-2 mPp U;k;ky; ls lacafèkr vuqPNsn] ,d utj esa 34-9

rkfydk 35-1 ifjokj U;k;ky;ksa dh LFkkiuk (2016) 35-8

rkfydk 35-2 xzke U;k;ky;ksa dh LFkkiuk (2016) 35-10

rkfydk 35-3 vèkhuLFk U;k;ky;ksa ls lacafèkr vuqPNsn] ,d utj esa 35-11

rkfydk 36-1 tEew ,oa d'ehj dk lafo/ku&,d utj esa 36-7

rkfydk 36-2 tEew ,oa d'ehj lafo/ku dh vuqlwfp;ka¡&,d >yd esa 36-8

rkfydk 37-1 dqN jkT;ksa ds fy, fo'ks"k izkoèkku ls lacafèkr vuqPNsn] ,d utj esa 37-4

rkfydk 38-1 iapk;rh jkt ij vè;;u ny ,oa lfefr;k¡ 38-4

rkfydk 38-2 iapk;rksa ls lacafèkr vuqPNsn% ,d utj esa 38-15

rkfydk 38-3 iapk;rksa ds uke ,oa mudh la[;k (2010) 38-15

rkfydk 38-4 iapk;rh jkt ds fodkl esa ehy ds iRFkj 38-17

xxii Hkkjr dh jktO;oLFkk

rkfydk 38-5 iapk;rh jkt ls lacafèkr lfefr;ka (laoS/kuhdj.k ds ckn) 38-19

rkfydk 39-1 LFkkuh; uxj 'kklu fo"k; ij fu;qDr lfefr;k¡ ,oa vk;ksx 39-2

rkfydk 39-2 Nkouh cksMks± dk oxhZdj.k 39-7

rkfydk 39-3 uxjikfydkvksa ls lacafèkr vuqPNsn] ,d utj esa 39-10

rkfydk 39-4 uxjikfydkvksaa ds uke ,oa mudh la[;k (2010) 39-11

rkfydk 40-1 dsanz'kkflr izns'kksa dh iz'kklfud O;oLFkk ij ,d utj 40-5

rkfydk 40-2 jkT; o dsanz'kkflr izns'kksa dh rqyuk 40-6

rkfydk 40-3 la?kh; {ks=kksa ls lacaf/r vuqPNsn] ,d utj esa 40-6

rkfydk 41-1 tutkrh; {ks=kksa ij ,d utj (2016) 41-3

rkfydk 41-2 vuqlwfpr ,oa tutkrh; {ks=kksa ls lacaf/r vuqPNsn ,d utj esa 41-3

rkfydk 41-3 vuqlwfpr {ks=kksa ls lac¼ vkns'k (2016) 41-3

rkfydk 43-1 jkT; yksdlsok vk;ksxksa ls lacafèkr vuqPNsn] ,d utj esa 43-4

rkfydk 44-1 la?k yksd lsok vk;ksx ls lEcfUèkr vuqPNsn] ,d utj esa 44-4

rkfydk 45-1 vc rd xfBr foÙk vk;ksx 45-2

rkfydk 45-2 foÙk vk;ksx ls lacafèkr vuqPNsn% ,d utj esa 45-2

rkfydk 49-1 Hkkjr ds egkys[kk fu;a=kd ,oa ijh{kd ls lacafèkr vuqPNsn% ,d utj esa 49-4

rkfydk 50-1 Hkkjr ds egkU;k;oknh ls lacafèkr vuqPNsn% ,d utj esa 50-2

rkfydk 51-1 jkT; ds egkfèkoDrk ls lacafèkr vuqPNsn] ,d utj esa 51-2

rkfydk 51-2 laoSèkkfud fudk;ksa ls lacafèkr vuqPNsn] ,d utj esa 51-2

rkfydk 55-1 jk"Vªh; vk;ksx@dsUnzh; fudk; rFkk lacafèkr ea=kky; 55-3

rkfydk 59-1 jkT;ksa esa yksdk;qDr dh LFkkiuk (dkykuqozQe esa) 59-6

rkfydk 59-2 yksdiky ,oa yksdk;qDr vf/fu;e (2013) ,d utj esa 59-8

rkfydk 60-1 lgdkjh lfefr;ksa ls lacaf/r vuqPNsn] ,d utj esa 60-6

rkfydk 61-1 Hkk"kkvksa dks 'kkL=kh; Hkk"kkvksa dk ntkZ 61-4

rkfydk 61-2 jktHkk"kk ls lacaf/r vuqPNsn] ,d utj esa 61-5

rkfydk 62-1 lkoZtfud lsokvksa ls lEcfU/r vuqPNsn] ,d utj esa 62-4

rkfydk 63-1 dsanzh; iz'kklfud vf/dj.kksa dh ihBksa ds uke ,oa mudk U;k; {ks=k 63-2

rkfydk 63-2 dSV dh ihBksa dh lfdZV flfVaXl 63-3

rkfydk 63-3 U;k;kf/dj.kksa ls lEcfU/r vuqPNsn] ,d utj esa 63-3

rkfydk&lwph xxiii

rkfydk 64-1 ljdkj ds vf/dkjksa ,oa nkf;Roksa ls lEcfU/r vuqPNsn] ,d utj esa 64-4

rkfydk 66-1 fof'k"V oxks± ds fy, fo'ks"k izko/kuksa ls tqM+s vuqPNsn] ,d utj esa 66-3

rkfydk 67-1 ekU;rk izkIr jk"Vªh; ,oa jkT; Lrjh; ny (izFke pquko ls ysdj lksygosa vke pquko rd) 67-6

rkfydk 67-2 ekU;rk izkIr jk"Vªh; ny ,oa muds pquko fpUg (2016) 67-6

rkfydk 67-3 ekU;rk izkIr jkT;Lrjh; ny ,oa muds pquko fpUg (lksygoka vke pquko) 67-6

rkfydk 67-4 jktuhfrd nyksa dk xBu (dkykuqozQe ls) 67-8

rkfydk 68-1 yksdlHkk pqukoksa ds ifj.kke 68-6

rkfydk 68-2 izR;sd yksdlHkk pqukoksa ds i'pkr~ iz/kuea=kh 68-7

rkfydk 68-3 yksdlHkk pqukoksa ds izfrHkkxh 68-8

rkfydk 68-4 yksdlHkk pqukoksa esa efgyk,a 68-8

rkfydk 68-5 yksdlHkk fuokZpu dk O;; 68-9

rkfydk 68-6 pkSngoka vke pquko (2004) ds lcls cM+s ,oa lcls NksVs ({ks=kokj) yksdlHkk lhVsa 68-9

rkfydk 68-7 lksygosa vke pquko (2014) esa lcls cM+s ,oa lcls NksVh (ernkrkokj) yksdlHkk lhVsa 68-10

rkfydk 68-8 fuokZpu ls lEcfUèkr vuqPNsn] ,d utj esa 68-10

rkfydk 70-1 tu&izfrfuf/Ro vf/fu;e (1950) % ,d >yd esa 70-2

rkfydk 70-2 tu&izfrfuf/Ro dkuwu (1950) dh vuqlwfp;k¡ % ,d >yd esa 70-2

rkfydk 70-3 tu&izfrfuf/Ro vf/fu;e (1951) % ,d >yd esa 70-3

rkfydk 70-4 lhekadu vf/fu;e (2002) % ,d >yd esa 70-4

rkfydk 71-1 pquko [kpZ dh lhek (2014 esa ?kksf"kr) 71-8

rkfydk 74-1 jk"Vªh; ,drk ifj"kn dh cSBdsa 74-5

Hkkx&1

laoS/kfud

xxvi Hkkjr dh jktO;oLFkk

3- ‚¥ÁfläÊÊŸ ∑§Ë ¬˝◊Èπ Áfl‡Ê·ÃÊ∞¥ 3.1-3.15(Salient Features of the Constitution)¬˝SÃÊflŸÊ / 3.1‚¥ÁfläÊÊŸ ∑§Ë Áfl‡Ê·ÃÊ∞¥ / 3.1lafo/ku dh vkykspuk / 3.12lanHkZ lwph / 3.14

4- ‚¢ÁflœÊŸ ∑§Ë ¬˝SÃÊflŸÊ (Preamble of the Constitution) 4.1-4.7‚¢ÁflœÊŸ ds ¬˝SÃÊflŸÊ ∑§Ë Áfl·ÿ-flSÃÈ / 4.1¬˝SÃÊflŸÊ ∑§ Ãàfl / 4.1¬˝SÃÊflŸÊ ◊¥ ◊ÈÅÿ ‡ÊéŒ / 4.2¬˝SÃÊflŸÊ ∑§Ê ◊„Uàfl / 4.4‚¢ÁflœÊŸ ∑§ ∞∑§ ÷ʪ ∑§ M§¬ ◊¥ ¬˝SÃÊflŸÊ / 4.5¬˝SÃÊflŸÊ ◊¥ ‚¢‡ÊÊœŸ ∑§Ë ‚¢÷ÊflŸÊ / 4.5lanHkZ lwph / 4.5

5- ‚¢ÉÊ ∞fl¢ ß‚∑§Ê ˇÊòÊ (Union and its Territory) 5.1-5.8⁄UÊÖÿÊ¥ ∑§Ê ‚¢ÉÊ / 5.1⁄UÊÖÿÊ¥ ∑§ ¬ÈŸª¸ΔUŸ ‚¥’¥äÊË ‚¢‚Œ ∑§Ë ‡ÊÁÄà / 5.2∑¥§nz‡ÊÊÁ‚à ¬˝Œ‡ÊÊ¥ ∞fl¢ ⁄UÊÖÿÊ¥ ∑§Ê ©UŒ˜Ô÷fl / 5.3lanHkZ lwph / 5.8

6- ŸÊªÁ⁄U∑§ÃÊ (Citizenship) 6.1-6.14•Õ¸ ∞fl¢ ◊„Uàfl / 6.1‚¢flÒœÊÁŸ∑§ ©U¬’¥äÊ / 6.1ŸÊªÁ⁄U∑§ÃÊ •ÁœÁŸÿ◊, v~zz / 6.2∞∑§‹ ŸÊªÁ⁄U∑§ÃÊ / 6.5fons'kh Hkkjrh; ukxfjdrk / 6.6lanHkZ lwph / 6.13

7- ◊Í‹ •ÁäÊ∑§Ê⁄U (Fundamental Rights) 7.1-7.29◊Í‹ •Áœ∑§Ê⁄UÊ¥ ∑§Ë Áfl‡Ê·ÃÊ∞¢ / 7.1⁄UÊÖÿ ∑§Ë ¬Á⁄U÷Ê·Ê / 7.2◊Í‹ •Áœ∑§Ê⁄UÊ¥ ‚ •‚¥ªÃ ÁflÁäÊÿÊ¥ / 7.3‚◊ÊŸÃÊ ∑§Ê •Áœ∑§Ê⁄U / 7.5SflâòÊÃÊ ∑§Ê •Áœ∑§Ê⁄U / 7.9‡ÊÊ·áÊ ∑§ ÁflL§h •Áœ∑§Ê⁄U / 7.15äÊ◊¸ ∑§Ë SflÃ¥òÊÃÊ ∑§ •ÁäÊ∑§Ê⁄ / 7.16‚¥S∑ΧÁà •ÊÒ⁄U Á‡ÊˇÊÊ ‚¥’¥äÊË •ÁäÊ∑§Ê⁄U / 7.17‚¢flÒœÊÁŸ∑§ ©U¬øÊ⁄UÊ¥ ∑§Ê •Áœ∑§Ê⁄U / 7.19Á⁄U≈Uó¬˝∑§Ê⁄U ∞fl¢ ˇÊòÊU / 7.20

fo"k;&lwph xxvii

‚‡ÊSòÊ ’‹ ∞fl¢ ◊Í‹ •Áœ∑§Ê⁄U / 7.21◊ʇʸ‹ ‹ÊÚ ∞fl¢ ◊Í‹ •Áœ∑§Ê⁄U / 7.22∑ȧ¿U ◊Í‹ •Áœ∑§Ê⁄UÊ¥ ∑§Ê ¬˝÷Êfl / 7.22‚¢¬ÁûÊ ∑§ •Áœ∑§Ê⁄U ∑§Ë flø◊ÊŸ ÁSÕÁà / 7.23◊Í‹ •Áœ∑§Ê⁄UÊ¥ ∑§ •¬flÊŒ / 7.24◊Í‹ •Áœ∑§Ê⁄UÊ¥ ∑§Ë •Ê‹ÊøŸÊ / 7.25◊Í‹ •Áœ∑§Ê⁄UÊ¥ ∑§Ê ◊„Uàfl / 7.26÷ʪ x ∑§ ’Ê„U⁄U •ÁäÊ∑§Ê⁄U / 7.26lanHkZ lwph / 7.28

8- ⁄UÊíÿ ∑§ ŸËÁà ÁŸŒ‡Ê∑§ ÃàflU (Directive Principles of State Policy) 8.1-8.10ÁŸŒ‡Ê∑§ ÃàflÊ¥ ∑§Ë Áfl‡Ê·ÃÊ∞¢ / 8.1ÁŸŒ‡Ê∑§ ÃàflÊ¥ ∑§Ê flªË¸∑§⁄UáÊ / 8.2Ÿ∞ ÁŸŒ‡Ê∑§ Ãàfl / 8.3ÁŸŒ‡Ê∑§ Á‚hÊ¢ÃÊ¥ ∑§ ¬Ë¿U ‚¢SÃÈÁà / 8.3ÁŸŒ‡Ê∑§ ÃàflÊ¥ ∑§Ë •Ê‹ÊøŸÊ / 8.4ÁŸŒ‡Ê∑§ ÃàflÊ¥ ∑§Ë ©U¬ÿÊÁªÃÊ / 8.4◊Í‹ •Áœ∑§Ê⁄UÊ¥ ∞fl¢ ÁŸŒ‡Ê∑§ ÃàflÊ¥ ◊¥ ≈U∑§⁄UÊfl / 8.5ÁŸŒ‡Ê∑§ ÃàflÊ¥ ∑§Ê Á∑˝§ÿÊãflÿŸ / 8.7÷ʪ IV ‚ ’Ê„U⁄U ∑ ÁŸŒ‡Ê / 8.8lanHkZ lwph / 8.9

9- ◊Í‹ ∑§Ã¸√ÿ (Fundamental Duties) 9.1-9.4Sfláʸ Á‚¢„U ‚Á◊Áà ∑§Ë Á‚»§ÊÁ⁄U‡Ê¥ / 9.1◊Í‹ ∑§Ã¸√ÿÊ¥ ∑§Ë ‚ÍøË / 9.2◊Í‹ ∑§Ã¸√ÿÊ¥ ∑§Ë Áfl‡Ê·ÃÊ∞¢ / 9.2◊Í‹ ∑§Ã¸√ÿÊ¥ ∑§Ë •Ê‹ÊøŸÊ / 9.2◊Í‹ ∑§Ã¸√ÿÊ¥ ∑§Ê ◊„Uàfl / 9.3fl◊ʸ ‚Á◊Áà ∑§Ë Á≈Uå¬ÁáÊÿÊ¥ / 9.3lanHkZ lwph / 9.4

10- ‚¥ÁfläÊÊŸ ∑§Ê ‚¥‡ÊÊäÊŸ (Amendment of the Constitution) 10.1-10.4‚¢‡ÊÊœŸ ¬˝Á∑˝§ÿÊ / 10.1‚¢‡ÊÊœŸÊ¥ ∑§ ¬˝∑§Ê⁄U / 10.2‚¢‡ÊÊœŸ ¬˝Á∑˝§ÿÊ ∑§Ë •Ê‹ÊøŸÊ / 10.3lanHkZ lwph / 10.4

11- ‚¥ÁfläÊÊŸ ∑§Ë ◊Í‹ ‚¥⁄UøŸÊ (Basic Structure of the Constitution) 11.1-11.5◊Í‹ ‚¥⁄UøŸÊ ∑§Ê ¬˝ÊŒÈ÷ʸfl / 11.1◊Í‹ ‚⁄¥UøŸÊ ∑§ Ãàfl / 11.2lanHkZ lwph / 11.4

xxviii Hkkjr dh jktO;oLFkk

Hkkx&2

ljdkj dh iz.kkyh(SYSTEM OF GOVERNMENT)

12- lalnh; O;oLFkk (Parliamentary System) 12.3-12.8‚¢‚ŒËÿ ‚⁄U∑§Ê⁄U ∑§Ë Áfl‡Ê·ÃÊ∞¢ / 12-3⁄UÊc≈˛U¬Áà ‡ÊÊ‚Ÿ √ÿflSÕÊU ∑§Ë Áfl‡Ê·ÃÊ∞¢ / 12-4‚¢‚ŒËÿ √ÿflSÕÊ ∑§ ªÈáÊ / 12-5‚¢‚ŒËÿ √ÿflSÕÊ ∑§ ŒÊ· / 12-5‚¢‚ŒËÿ √ÿflSÕÊ ∑§Ë SflË∑§Êÿ¸ÃÊ ∑§ ∑§Ê⁄UáÊ / 12-6÷Ê⁄UÃËÿ ∞fl¢ Á’˝Á≈U‡Ê ◊ÊÚ«U‹ ◊¥ Áfl÷Œ§ / 12-7lanHkZ lwph / 12.7

13- la?kh; O;oLFkk (Federal System) 13.1-13.6‚¢ÁflœÊŸ ∑§Ë ‚¢ÉÊËÿ Áfl‡Ê·ÃÊ∞¢ / 13-2‚¢ÁflœÊŸ ∑§Ë ∞∑§Êà◊∑§ Áfl‡Ê·ÃÊ∞¢ / 13-3‚¢ÉÊËÿ √ÿflSÕÊ ∑§Ê •Ê‹ÊøŸÊà◊∑§ ◊ÍÀÿÊ¢∑§Ÿ / 13-5lanHkZ lwph / 13.6

14- dsanz&jkT; laca/ (Centre-State Relations) 14.1-14.22ÁflœÊÿË ‚¢’¢œ / 14-1¬˝‡ÊÊ‚ÁŸ∑§ ‚¢’¢œ / 14-4ÁflûÊËÿ ‚¢’¢œ / 14-7∑¥§º˝-⁄UÊÖÿ ‚¢’¢œÊ¥ ◊¥ ¬˝flÎÁûÊÿÊ¥ / 14-12lanHkZ lwph / 14.21

15- varjkZT;h; laca/ (Inter-State Relations) 15.1-15.6•¢Ã⁄UʸÖÿËÿ ¡‹ ÁflflÊŒ / 15-1•¢Ã⁄UʸÖÿËÿ ¬Á⁄·Œ¥ / 15-2‹Ê∑§ •ÁäÊÁŸÿ◊, ŒSÃÊfl¡ ÃÕÊ ãÿÊÁÿ∑§ ¬˝Á∑˝§ÿÊ∞¢ / 15-3•¢Ã⁄UʸÖÿËÿ √ÿʬÊ⁄U ÃÕÊ flÊÁáÊÖÿ / 15-4ˇÊòÊËÿ ¬Á⁄U·Œ¥ / 15-5lanHkZ lwph / 15.6

16- vkikrdkyhu izko/ku (Emergency Provisions) 16.1-16.14⁄UÊc≈˛UËÿ •Ê¬ÊÃ∑§Ê‹ / 16-1⁄UÊc≈˛U¬Áà ‡ÊÊ‚Ÿ / 16-6ÁflûÊËÿ •Ê¬ÊÃ∑§Ê‹ / 16-10•Ê¬ÊÃ∑§Ê‹ËŸ izko/kuksa ∑§Ë •Ê‹ÊøŸÊ / 16-11lanHkZ lwph / 16.13

fo"k;&lwph xxix

Hkkx&3

dsUnz ljdkj(CENTRAL GOVERNMENT)

17- jk"Vªifr (President) 17.3-17.17⁄UÊc≈˛U¬Áà ∑§Ê ÁŸflʸøŸ / 17-3•„¸UÃÊ∞¥, ‡Ê¬Õ ∞fl¢ ‡ÊÃZ / 17-5¬ŒÊflÁäÊ, ◊„UÊÁ÷ÿʪ fl ¬ŒÁ⁄UÄÃÃÊ / 17-6⁄UÊc≈˛U¬Áà ∑§Ë ‡ÊÁÄÃÿÊ¢ fl ∑§Ã¸√ÿ / 17-7⁄UUÊc≈˛U¬Áà ∑§Ë flË≈UÊ ‡ÊÁÄà / 17-9⁄UÊc≈˛U¬Áà ∑§Ë •äÿÊŒ‡Ê ¡Ê⁄UË ∑§⁄UŸ ∑§Ë ‡ÊÁÄà / 17-12⁄UÊc≈˛U¬Áà ∑§Ë ˇÊ◊ʌʟ ∑§⁄UŸ ∑§Ë ‡ÊÁÄà / 17-13⁄UÊc≈˛U¬Áà ∑§Ë ‚¢flÒœÊÁŸ∑§ ÁSÕÁà / 17-14lanHkZ lwph / 17.16

18- mi&jk"Vªifr (Vice-President) 18.1-18.5ÁŸflʸøŸ / 18-1•„¸UÃÊ∞¥ / 18-1‡Ê¬Õ ÿÊ ¬˝ÁÃôÊkŸ / 18-2©U¬-⁄UÊc≈˛U¬Áà ¬Œ ∑§Ë ‡ÊÃZ / 18-2¬ŒÊflÁäÊ / 18-2¬Œ Á⁄UÄÃÃÊ / 18-3øÈŸÊfl ÁflflÊŒ / 18-3‡ÊÁÄÃÿÊ¢ •ÊÒ⁄U ∑§Êÿ¸ / 18-3÷Ê⁄Uà ∞fl¥ •◊Á⁄U∑§Ë ©U¬-⁄UÊc≈˛U¬ÁÃÿÊ¥ ∑§Ë ÃÈ‹ŸÊ / 18-3¬Á⁄U‹ÁéäÊÿÊ¥ / 18-4lanHkZ lwph / 18.4

19- iz/kuea=kh (Prime Minister) 19.1-19.5¬˝œÊŸ◊¢òÊË ∑§Ë ÁŸÿÈÁÄà / 19-1‡Ê¬Õ, inkof¼ ∞fl¥ flß / 19-2¬˝œÊŸ◊¢òÊË ∑§ ∑§Êÿ¸ fl ‡ÊÁÄÃÿÊ¢ / 19-2÷ÍÁ◊∑§Ê ∑§Ê fláʸŸ / 19-3⁄UÊc≈˛U¬Áà ∑§ ‚ÊÕ ‚¢’¢œ / 19-4fl ◊ÈÅÿ◊¥òÊË, ¡Ê ¬˝œÊŸ◊¢òÊË ’Ÿ / 19-4lanHkZ lwph / 19.4

20- dsanzh; eaf=kifj"kn (Central Council of Ministers) 20.1-20-6‚¥flÒäÊÊÁŸ∑§ ¬˝ÊfläÊÊŸ / 20-1eaf=k;ksa }kjk nh xbZ lykg dh izo`Qfr / 20-2

xxx Hkkjr dh jktO;oLFkk

◊¢ÁòÊÿÊ¥ ∑§Ë ÁŸÿÈÁÄà / 20-2◊¥ÁòÊÿÊ¥ mUÊ⁄UÊ ‹Ë ¡ÊŸ flÊ‹Ë ‡Ê¬Õ ∞fl¥ ©UŸ∑§Ê flß / 20-2◊¢ÁòÊÿÊ¥ ∑§ ©UûÊ⁄UŒÊÁÿàfl / 20-3◊¢ÁòʬÁ⁄U·Œ ∑§Ë ‚¥⁄UøŸÊ / 20-4◊¢ÁòʬÁ⁄U·Œ ’ŸÊ◊ ◊¢ÁòÊ◊¢«U‹ / 20-4◊¢ÁòÊ◊¢«U‹ ∑§Ë ÷ÍÁ◊∑§Ê / 20-4÷ÍÁ◊∑§Ê ∑§Ê fláʸŸ / 20-4vkarfjd (Á∑§øŸ) ∑Ò§Á’Ÿ≈U / 20-5lanHkZ lwph / 20.6

21- eaf=keaMyh; lfefr;ka (Cabinet Committees) 21.1-21.5◊¥ÁòÊ◊¥«U‹Ëÿ ‚Á◊ÁÃÿÊ¥ ∑§Ë Áfl‡Ê·ÃÊ∞¥ / 21-1◊¥ÁòÊ◊¥«U‹Ëÿ ‚Á◊ÁÃÿÊ¥ ∑§Ë ‚ÍøË / 21-1◊¥ÁòÊ◊¥«U‹Ëÿ ‚Á◊ÁÃÿÊ¥ ∑§ ∑§Êÿ¸ / 21-2◊¥ÁòÊÿÊ¥ ∑§ ‚◊Í„U / 21-2thvks,e rFkk bZthvks,e dh lekfIr / 21-4vukSipkfjd ea=kh lewg LFkkfir / 21-4lanHkZ lwph / 21.5

22- laln (Parliament) 22.1-22.42‚¢‚Œ ∑§Ê ªΔUŸ / 22-1ŒÊŸÊ¥ ‚ŒŸÊ¥ ∑§Ë ‚¢⁄UøŸÊ / 22-2‹Ê∑§‚÷Ê ∑§Ë øÈŸÊfl ¬˝áÊÊ‹Ë / 22-3ŒÊŸÊ¥ ‚ŒŸÊ¥ ∑§Ë •flÁœ / 22-4‚¢‚Œ ∑§Ë ‚ŒSÿÃÊ / 22-4‚¢‚Œ ∑§ ¬ËΔUÊ‚ËŸ •Áœ∑§Ê⁄UË / 22-7‚¢‚Œ ◊¥ ŸÃÊ / 22-12‚¢‚Œ ∑§ ‚òÊ / 22-12‚¢‚ŒËÿ ∑§Êÿ¸flÊ„UË ∑§ ‚ÊäÊŸ / 22-15‚¢‚Œ ◊¥ ÁflœÊÿË ¬˝Á∑˝§ÿÊ / 22-18ŒÊŸÊ¥ ‚ŒŸÊ¥ ∑§Ë ‚¢ÿÈÄà ’ÒΔU∑§ / 22-22‚¢‚Œ ◊¥ ’¡≈U / 22-23‚¢‚Œ ∑§Ë ’„ÈUÁ∑˝§ÿÊà◊∑§ ÷ÍÁ◊∑§Ê / 22-28‚¥‚ŒËÿ ÁŸÿ¥òÊáÊ ∑§Ë •¬˝÷ÊÁflÃÊ / 22-30⁄UÊÖÿ‚÷Ê ∑§Ë ÁSÕÁà / 22-31‚¢‚ŒËÿ Áfl‡Ê·ÊÁœ∑§Ê⁄U / 22-32‚¢‚Œ ∑§Ë ‚¢¬˝÷ÈÃÊ / 22-36lanHkZ lwph / 22.40

23- lalnh; lfefr;ka (Parliamentary Committees) 23.1-23.11•Õ¸ / 23-1oxhZdj.k / 23-1ÁflûÊËÿ ‚Á◊ÁÃÿÊ° / 23-3

fo"k;&lwph xxxi

foHkkxh; LFkkbZ lfefr;k¡ / 23-5¡Ê¥ø ‚Á◊ÁÃÿÊ° / 23-8tk¡p ,oa fu;a=k.k ds fy, lfefr;k¡ / 23-8‚ŒŸ ∑§ ŒÒŸ¥ÁŒŸ ∑§ ∑§Ê◊∑§Ê¡ ‚ ‚¥’¥ÁäÊà ‚Á◊ÁÃÿÊ° / 23-9x`g&O;oLFkk lfefr;k ° / 23-9lykgdkj lfefr;k¡ / 23-10lanHkZ lwph / 23.10

24- lalnh; eap (Parliamentary Forums) 24.1-24.5◊¥ø ∑§Ë SÕʬŸÊ / 24-1eap ds mís'; / 24-1iQksje dk la?kVu (lajpuk) / 24-2iQksje ds dk;Z / 24-2lanHkZ lwph / 24.4

25- lalnh; lewg (Parliamentary Group) 25.1-25.4lewg dk vkSfpR; @25-1lewg dk xBu @ 25-1lewg ds mís'; @ 25-2lewg ds dk;Z @ 25-2lewg ,oa varj&lalnh; la?k (IPU) @ 25-2lewg ,oa jk"VªeaMy lalnh; la?k (CPA) @ 25-3lanHkZ lwph / 25.3

26- mPpre U;k;ky; (Supreme Court) 26.1-26.11©UìÊÃ◊ ãÿÊÿÊ‹ÿ ∑§Ê ªΔUŸ / 26-1©UìÊÃ◊ ãÿÊÿÊ‹ÿ ∑§Ê SÕÊŸ / 26-4ãÿÊÿÊ‹ÿ ∑§Ë ¬˝Á∑˝§ÿÊ / 26-4©UìÊÃ◊ ãÿÊÿÊ‹ÿ ∑§Ë SflâòÊÃÊ / 26-4©UìÊÃ◊ ãÿÊÿÊ‹ÿ ∑§Ë ‡ÊÁÄÃÿÊ¢ ∞fl¢ ˇÊòÊÊÁœ∑§Ê⁄U / 26-5lanHkZ lwph / 26.11

27- U;kf;d leh{kk (Judicial Review) 27.1-27.6U;kf;d leh{kk dk vFkZ @ 27-1U;kf;d leh{kk dk egRo @ 27-2U;kf;d leh{kk ds fy, laoSèkkfud izkoèkku @ 27-2U;kf;d leh{kk dk fo"k; {ks=k @ 27-3uoha vuqlwph dh U;kf;d leh{kk @ 27-4lanHkZ lwph / 27.6

28- U;kf;d lfØ;rk (Judicial Activism) 28.1-28.5U;kf;d lfØ;rk dk vFkZ @ 28-1U;kf;d lfØ;rk dk vkSfpR; @ 28-2U;kf;d lfØ;rk ds mRizsjd @ 28-2

xxxii Hkkjr dh jktO;oLFkk

U;kf;d lfØ;rk dks ysdj vk'kadk,¡ @ 28-3U;kf;d lfØ;rk cuke U;kf;d la;e @ 28-4lanHkZ lwph / 28.5

29- tufgr ;kfpdk (Public Interest Litigation) 29.1-29.5ih-vkbZ-,y- dk vFkZ @ 29-1ihvkbZ,y dh fo'ks"krk,¡ @ 29-2ihvkbZ,y dk fo"k; {ks=k @ 29-2ihvkbZ,y ds fl¼kar @ 29-3ihvkbZ,y nkf[ky djus laca/h fn'kk funsZ'k @ 29-4lanHkZ lwph / 29.5

Hkkx&4

jkT; ljdkj(STATE GOVERNMENT)

30- jkT;iky (Governor) 30.3-30.12⁄UÊÖÿ¬Ê‹ ∑§Ë ÁŸÿÈÁÄà / 30-3⁄UÊÖÿ¬Ê‹ ∑§ ¬Œ ∑§Ë ‡ÊÃZ / 30-4⁄UÊíÿ¬Ê‹ ∑§Ë ¬ŒÊflÁœ / 30-4⁄UÊÖÿ¬Ê‹ ∑§Ë ‡ÊÁÄÃÿÊ¢ ∞fl¢ ∑§Êÿ¸ / 30-5⁄UUÊÖÿ¬Ê‹ ∑§Ë ‚¢flÒœÊÁŸ∑§ ÁSÕÁà / 30-10lanHkZ lwph / 30.12

31- eq[;ea=kh (Chief Minister) 31.1-31.4◊ÈÅÿ◊¢òÊË ∑§Ë ÁŸÿÈÁÄà / 31-1‡Ê¬Õ, ∑§Êÿ¸∑§Ê‹ ∞fl¥ flß / 31-2◊ÈÅÿ◊¢òÊË ∑§ ∑§Êÿ¸ ∞fl¢ ‡ÊÁÄÃÿÊ¢ / 31-2⁄UÊÖÿ¬Ê‹ ∑§ ‚ÊÕ ‚¢’¢œ / 31-3lanHkZ lwph / 31.4

32- jkT; eaf=kifj"kn~ (State Council of Ministers) 32.1-32-5‚¥flÒäÊÊÁŸ∑§ ¬˝ÊfläÊÊŸ / 32-1◊¢ÁòÊÿÊ¥ mUÊ⁄UÊ ÁŒÿ ªÿ ¬⁄UÊ◊‡Ê¸ ∑§Ë ¬˝∑ΧÁà / 32-2◊¢ÁòÊÿÊ¥ ∑§Ë ÁŸÿÈÁÄà / 32-3◊¢ÁòÊÿÊ¥ ∑§Ë ‡Ê¬Õ ∞fl¥ flß / 32-3◊¢ÁòÊÿÊ¥ ∑§ ©UûÊ⁄UŒÊÁÿàfl / 32-3◊¢ÁòʬÁ⁄U·Œ ∑§Ê ªΔUŸ / 32-4∑Ò§Á’Ÿ≈U / 32-4lanHkZ lwph / 32.5

fo"k;&lwph xxxiii

33- jkT; fo/kue.My (State Legislature) 33.1-33.18⁄UÊÖÿ ÁflœÊŸ◊¢«U‹ ∑§Ê ªΔUŸ / 33-1ŒÊ ‚ŒŸÊ¥ ∑§Ê ªΔUŸ / 33-2ŒÊŸÊ¥ ‚ŒŸÊ¥ ∑§Ê ∑§Êÿ¸∑§Ê‹ / 33-3⁄UÊÖÿ ÁflœÊŸ◊¢«U‹ ∑§Ë ‚ŒSÿÃÊ / 33-3ÁflœÊŸ◊¢«U‹ ∑§ ¬ËΔUÊ‚ËŸ •Áœ∑§Ê⁄UË / 33-5⁄UÊÖÿ ÁflœÊŸ◊¢«U‹ ‚òÊ / 33-7ÁflœÊŸ◊¢«U‹ ◊¥ ÁflœÊÿË ¬˝Á∑˝§ÿÊ / 33-8ÁflœÊŸ¬Á⁄U·Œ ∑§Ë ÁSÕÁà / 33-9⁄UÊÖÿ ÁflœÊŸ◊¢«U‹ ∑§ Áfl‡Ê·ÊÁœ∑§Ê⁄U / 33-13lanHkZ lwph / 33.17

34- mPp U;k;ky; (High Court) 34.1-34.11©UìÊ ãÿÊÿÊ‹ÿ ∑§Ê ‚¢ªΔUŸ / 34-1©UìÊ ãÿÊÿÊ‹ÿ ∑§Ë SflâòÊÃÊ / 34-4©UìÊ ãÿÊÿÊ‹ÿ ∑§Ê ãÿÊÿ ˇÊòÊ ∞fl¢ ‡ÊÁÄÃÿÊ¢ / 34-5lanHkZ lwph / 34.10

35- v/huLFk U;k;ky; (Subordinate Courts) 35.1-35.11‚¥flÒäÊÊÁŸ∑§ ©U¬’¥äÊ / 35-1‚⁄¥UøŸÊ ∞fl¥ •ÁäÊ∑§Ê⁄U ˇÊòÊ / 35-2jk"Vªh; dkuwuh lsok izkf/dj.k / 35-3yksd vnkyr / 35-3LFkkbZ yksd vnkyrsa / 35-6ifjokj U;k;ky; / 35-7xzke U;k;ky; / 35-9lanHkZ lwph / 35.11

36- tEew ,oa d'ehj dk fo'ks"k ntkZ 36-1&36-8(Special Status of Jammu & Kashmir)¡ê◊Í ,oaU ∑§‡◊Ë⁄U ∑§Ê ÷Ê⁄Uà ◊¥ Áfl‹ÿ / 36-1÷Ê⁄Uà ∞fl¢ ¡ê◊Í-∑§‡◊Ë⁄U ∑§ ◊äÿ flø◊ÊŸ ‚¢’¢œ / 36-2¡ê◊Í ,oa ∑§‡◊Ë⁄U ⁄UÊÖÿ ∑§ ‚¢ÁflœÊŸ ∑§Ë Áfl‡Ê·ÃÊÿ¥ / 36-3¡ê◊Í-∑§‡◊Ë⁄U SflÊÿûÊÃÊ ÁfläÊÿ∑§ •SflË∑Χà / 36-5¡ê◊Í ∞fl¥ ∑§‡◊Ë⁄U ∑§ Á‹∞ flÊÃʸ‹Ê¬ ‚◊Í„U / 36-5lanHkZ lwph / 36.8

37- dqN jkT;ksa ds fy, fo'ks"k izko/ku 37-1&37-5(Special Provisions for Some States)◊„UÊ⁄UÊc≈˛U ∞fl¥ ªÈ¡⁄UÊà ∑§ Á‹∞ izko/ku / 37-1ŸÊªÊ‹Ò¥«U ∑§ Á‹∞ izko/ku / 37-1•‚◊ ∞fl¥ ◊ÁáʬÈ⁄U ∑§ Á‹∞ izko/ku / 37-2

xxxiv Hkkjr dh jktO;oLFkk

•Ê¥äÊ˝ ¬˝Œ‡Ê vFkok rsyaxkuk ∑§ Á‹∞ izko/ku / 37-3Á‚ÁÄ∑§◊ ∑§ Á‹∞ izko/ku / 37-3Á◊¡Ê⁄U◊ ∑§ Á‹∞ izko/ku / 37-4•#áÊÊø‹ ¬˝Œ‡Ê ∞fl¥ ªÊflÊ ∑§ Á‹∞ izko/ku / 37-4∑§ŸÊ¸≈U∑ Á‹∞ ¬˝ÊfläÊÊŸ / 37-4lanHkZ lwph / 37.5

Hkkx&5

LFkkuh; ljdkj(LOCAL GOVERNMENT)

38- iapk;rh jkt (Panchayati Raj) 38.3-38.20¬¢øÊÿÃË ⁄UÊ¡ ∑§Ê Áfl∑§Ê‚ / 38-3v~~w ∑§Ê |xflÊ¢ ‚¢‡ÊÊœŸ •ÁœÁŸÿ◊ / 38-7•ÁŸflÊÿ¸ ∞fl¥ SflÒÁë¿U∑§ ¬˝ÊfläÊÊŸ / 38-10v~~{ ∑§Ê ¬‚Ê •ÁäÊÁŸÿ◊ (ÁflSÃÊ⁄U •ÁäÊÁŸÿ◊) / 38-11iapk;rh jkt ds foÙkh; Ïksr / 38-13vizHkkoh fu"iknu ds dkj.k / 38-14lanHkZ lwph / 38.19

39- uxj fuxe (Municipalities) 39.1-39.13Ÿª⁄U ÁŸ∑§ÊÿÊ¥ ∑§Ê Áfl∑§Ê‚ / 39-1v~~w ∑§Ê |yflÊ¢ ‚¢‡ÊÊœŸ •ÁäÊÁŸÿ◊ / 39-2‡Ê„U⁄UË ‡ÊÊ‚ŸÊ¥ ∑§ ¬˝∑§Ê⁄U / 39-6Ÿª⁄U¬ÊÁ‹∑§Ê ∑§◊˸ / 39-8fuxe jktLo / 39-9LFkkuh; ljdkj dh dsUnzh; ifj"kn~ / 39-9lanHkZ lwph / 39.13

Hkkx&6

dsanz 'kkflr izns'k vkSj fo'ks"k {ks=k(UNION TERRITORIES AND SPECIAL AREAS)

40- dsanz'kkflr izns'k (Union Territories) 40.3-40.6∑¥§º˝‡ÊÊÁ‚à ¬˝Œ‡ÊÊ¥ ∑§Ê ªΔUŸ / 40-3∑¥§º˝‡ÊÊÁ‚à ¬˝Œ‡ÊÊ¥ ∑§Ê ¬˝‡ÊÊ‚Ÿ / 40-4

fo"k;&lwph xxxv

ÁŒÀ‹Ë ∑§ Á‹ÿ Áfl‡Ê· ©U¬’¥äÊ / 40-4‚¥ÉÊËÿ ˇÊòÊÊ¥ (‚¥ÉÊ ‡ÊÊÁ‚à ¬˝Œ‡ÊÊ¥) ∑§ Á‹∞ ‚‹Ê„U∑§Ê⁄U ‚Á◊ÁÃÿÊ¥ / 40-5lanHkZ lwph / 40.6

41- vuqlwfpr ,oa tutkfr; {ks=k (Scheduled and Tribal Areas) 41.1-41.4•ŸÈ‚ÍÁøà ˇÊòÊÊ¥ ∑§Ê ¬˝‡ÊÊ‚Ÿ / 41-1¡Ÿ¡ÊÃËÿ ˇÊòÊÊ¥ ◊¥ ¬˝‡ÊÊ‚Ÿ / 41-2lanHkZ lwph / 41.4

Hkkx&7

laoS/kfud fudk;(CONSTITUTIONAL BODIES)

42- fuokZpu vk;ksx (Election Commission) 42.3-42.5‚¥⁄UøŸÊ / 42-3SflâòÊÃÊ / 42-4‡ÊÁÄà •ÊÒ⁄U ∑§Êÿ¸ / 42-4n`f"V] y{; vkSj fl¼kar / 42-5lanHkZ lwph / 42.5

43- la?k yksd lsok vk;ksx (Union Public Service Commission) 43.1-43.5‚¥⁄UøŸÊ / 43-1fu"dklu / 43-1SflâòÊÃÊ / 43-2∑§Êÿ¸ / 43-2‚Ë◊Ê∞¢ / 43-3÷ÍÁ◊∑§Ê / 43-3lanHkZ lwph / 43.4

44- jkT; yksd lsok vk;ksx (State Public Service Commission) 44.1-44.5ªΔUŸ / 44-1fu"dklu / 44-1SflÃ¥òÊÃÊ / 44-2∑§Êÿ¸ / 44-2‚Ë◊Ê∞¥ / 44-3÷ÍÁ◊∑§Ê / 44-3‚¥ÿÈQ§ ⁄UÊíÿ ‹Ê∑§ ‚flÊ •Êÿʪ / 44-4lanHkZ lwph / 44.4

xxxvi Hkkjr dh jktO;oLFkk

45- foÙk vk;ksx (Finance Commission) 45.1-45-3‚¥⁄UøŸÊ / 45-1∑§Êÿ¸ / 45-1‚‹Ê„U∑§Ê⁄UË ÷ÍÁ◊∑§Ê / 45-2lanHkZ lwph / 45.3

46- vuqlwfpr tkfr;ksa ds fy, jk"Vªh; vk;ksx 46-1&46-3(National Commission for SCs)•Êÿʪ ∑§Ê ©UŒÿ / 46-1•Êÿʪ ∑§ ∑§Êÿ¸ / 46-2•Êÿʪ ∑§Ê ¬˝ÁÃflŒŸ / 46-2•Êÿʪ ∑§Ë ‡ÁÊQ§ÿÊ¥ / 46-2lanHkZ lwph / 46.3

47- vuqlwfpr tutkfr;ksa ds fy, jk"Vªh; vk;ksx 47-1&47-3(National Commission for STs)•ŸÍ‚ÍÁøà ¡Ÿ¡ÊÁÃ;ksa ∑§ Á‹∞ ¬ÎUÕ∑˜§ •Êÿʪ / 47-1•Êÿʪ ∑§ ∑§Êÿ¸ / 47-1•Êÿʪ ∑§ •ãÿ ∑§Êÿ¸ / 47-2•Êÿʪ ∑§Ê ¬˝ÁÃflŒŸ / 47-2•Êÿʪ ∑§Ë ‡ÁÊQ§ÿÊ¥ / 47-2lanHkZ lwph / 47.3

48- Hkk"kk;h vYila[;d oxks± ds fy, fo'ks"k vf/dkjh 48-1&48-3(Special Officer for Linguistic Minorities)‚¥flÒäÊÊÁŸ∑§ ©U¬’¥äÊ / 48-1Hkk"kkbZ vYila[;dksa ds fy, vk;qDr / 48-1vk;qDr dh ÷ÍÁ◊∑§Ê / 48-2n`f"V ∞fl¥ ‹ˇÿ / 48-2∑§Êÿ¸ ∞fl¥ ©Ug‡ÿ / 48-2lanHkZ lwph / 48.2

49- Hkkjr dk fu;a=kd ,oa egkys[kk ijh{kd 49-1&49-5(Comptroller and Auditor General of India)ÁŸÿÈÁÄà ∞fl¢ ∑§Êÿ¸∑§Ê‹ / 49-1SflâòÊÃÊ / 49-1∑§Ã¸√ÿ •ÊÒ⁄U ‡ÊÁÄÃÿÊ¢ / 49-2÷ÍÁ◊∑§Ê / 49-3CAG ÃÕÊ ÁŸª◊ / 49-3,IiyckbZ dh vkykspuk / 49-4lanHkZ lwph / 49.5

fo"k;&lwph xxxvii

50- Hkkjr ds egkU;k;oknh (Attorney General of India) 50.1-50.2ÁŸÿÈÁÄà ∞fl¢ ∑§Êÿ¸∑§Ê‹ / 50-1∑§Êÿ¸ ∞fl¥ ‡ÊÁQ§ÿÊ¥¥ / 50-1•Áœ∑§Ê⁄U ∞fl¢ ◊ÿʸŒÊ∞¢ / 50-2÷Ê⁄Uà ∑§Ê ◊„UÊÁœflÄÃÊ / 50-2lanHkZ lwph / 50.2

51- jkT; dk egkf/oDrk (Advocate General of the State) 51.1-51.2ÁŸÿÈÁÄà ∞fl¢ ∑§Êÿ¸∑§Ê‹ / 51-1∑§Êÿ¸ ∞fl¥ ‡ÊÁQ§ÿÊ¥ / 51-1lanHkZ lwph / 51.2

Hkkx&8

xSj&laoS/kfud fudk;(NON-CONSTITUTIONAL BODIES)

52- uhfr vk;ksx (NITI Aayog) 52.3-52.14LFkkiuk / 52.3rdkZ/kj / 52.3xBu / 52.4fo'ks"kKrk izkIr 'kk[kk,¡ / 52.5mís'; / 52.5ekxZn'kZd fl¼kar / 52.6vkykspuk / 52.7v/huLFk dk;kZy; / 52.8iwoZorhZ ;kstuk vk;ksx / 52.8jk"Vªh; fodkl ifj"kn dk mUewyu / 52.11lanHkZ lwph / 52.13

53- jk"Vªh; ekuokf/dkj vk;ksx 53-1&53-5(National Human Rights Commission)•Êÿʪ ∑§Ë SÕʬŸÊ / 53.1•Êÿʪ ∑§Ë ‚¢⁄UøŸÊ / 53.1•Êÿʪ ∑§ ∑§Êÿ¸ / 53.2•Êÿʪ ∑§Ë ∑§Êÿ¸¬˝áÊÊ‹Ë / 53.2•Êÿʪ ∑§Ë ÷ÍÁ◊∑§Ê / 53.3•Êÿʪ ∑§Ê ∑§Êÿ¸ fu"iknu / 53.3◊ÊŸflÊÁäÊ∑§Ê⁄U ‚¥‡ÊÊœŸ •ÁäÊÁŸÿ◊, wÆÆ{ / 53.4lanHkZ lwph / 53.5

xxxviii Hkkjr dh jktO;oLFkk

54- jkT; ekuokf/dkj vk;ksx 54-1&54-3(State Human Rights Commission)•Êÿʪ ∑§Ë ‚¥⁄UøŸÊ / 54.1•Êÿʪ ∑§ ∑§Êÿ¸ / 54.2•Êÿʪ ∑§Ë ∑§Êÿ¸¬˝áÊÊ‹Ë / 54.2◊ÊŸfl •ÁäÊ∑§Ê⁄U ãÿÊÿÊ‹ÿ / 54.3lanHkZ lwph / 54.3

55- dsanzh; lwpuk vk;ksx (Central Information Commission) 55.1-55.4‚¥⁄UøŸÊ / 55.1∑§Êÿ¸∑§Ê‹ ∞fl¥ ‚flÊ ‡ÊÃZ / 55.1‡ÊÁQ§ÿÊ¥ ∞fl¥ ∑§Êÿ¸ / 55.2lanHkZ lwph / 55.4

56- jkT; lwpuk vk;ksx (State Information Commission) 56.1-56.3‚¥⁄UøŸÊ / 56.1∑§Êÿ¸∑§Ê‹ ∞fl¥ ‚flÊ ‡ÊÃZ / 56.1‡ÊÁQ§ÿÊ¥ ∞fl¥ ∑§Êÿ¸ / 56.2lanHkZ lwph / 56.3

57- dsanzh; lrdZrk vk;ksx (Central Vigilance Commission) 57.1-57.6‚¥⁄UøŸÊ / 57.1‚¥ªΔUŸ / 57.2∑§Êÿ¸ / 57.2∑§Êÿ¸ˇÊòÊ / 57.3∑§Êÿ¸¬˝áÊÊ‹Ë / 57.4ea=kky;ksa esa lrdZrk bdkb;k ° / 57.4fOgly Cyksvj ,DV] 2011 / 57.4lanHkZ lwph / 57.5

58- dsUnzh; vUos"k.k C;wjks (Central Bureau of Investigation) 58.1-58.4lhchvkbZ dh LFkkiuk / 58.1lhchvkbZ •ÊŒ‡Ê¸ flÊÄÿ, ©Ug‡ÿ ∞fl¥ ŒÎÁc≈U / 58.1lh-ch-vkbZ- dk laxBu / 58.2lh-ch-vkbZ- dk xBu / 58.2lh-ch-vkbZ- ds dk;Z / 58.3iwokZuqefr dk izko/ku / 58.3lh-ch-vkbZ- cuke jkT; iqfyl / 58.4lh-ch-vkbZ- vdkneh / 58.4lanHkZ lwph / 58.4

fo"k;&lwph xxxix

59- yksdiky ,oa yksdk;qDr (Lokpal and Lokayuktas) 59.1-59.10Áfl‡fl ¬Á⁄ŒÎ‡ÿ / 59.1Hkkjr esa fLFkfr / 59.2‹Ê∑§¬Ê‹ / 59.3yksdiky rFkk yksdk;qDr vf/fu;e] 2013 / 59.4‹Ê∑§ÊÿÈÄà / 59.6lanHkZ lwph / 59.10

Hkkx&9

vU;&laoS/kfud vk;ke(OTHER CONSTITUTIONAL DIMENSIONS)

60- lgdkjh lfefr;ka (Co-operative Societies) 60.3-60.7laoSèkkfud çkoèkku / 60-397osa la'kksèku ds dkj.k / 60-5lanHkZ lwph / 60.6

61- jktHkk"kk (Official Language) 61.1-61.6‚¢ÉÊ ∑§Ë ÷Ê·Ê / 61-1ˇÊòÊËÿ ÷Ê·Ê∞¢ / 61-2ãÿÊÿ¬ÊÁ‹∑§Ê ∑§Ë ÷Ê·Ê ∞fl¥ ÁflÁäÊ ¬ÊΔU / 61-2Áfl‡Ê· ÁŸŒ¸‡Ê / 61-3jktHkk"kk ij lalnh; lfefr / 61-3'kkL=kh; Hkk"kk dk ntkZ / 61-4lanHkZ lwph / 61.5

62- yksd lsok,a (Public Services) 62.1-62.5‚flÊ•Ê¥ ∑§Ê flªË¸∑§⁄UáÊ / 62-1‚¢flÒœÊÁŸ∑§ ©U¬’¥äÊ / 62-3lanHkZ lwph / 62.5

63- vf/dj.k (Tribunals) 63.1-63.4¬˝‡ÊÊ‚ÁŸ∑§ •ÁäÊ∑§⁄UáÊ / 63-1•ãÿ ◊Ê◊‹Ê¥ ∑§ Á‹∞ •Áœ∑§⁄UáÊ / 63-3lanHkZ lwph / 63.4

64- ljdkj ds vf/dkj rFkk nkf;Ro 64-1&64-5(Rights and Liabilities of the Government)∑¥§º˝ ∞fl¢ ⁄UÊÖÿÊ¥ ∑§Ë ‚¢¬ÁûÊ / 64-1‚⁄U∑§Ê⁄U mÊ⁄UÊ ÿÊ ‚⁄U∑§Ê⁄U ∑§ ÁflL§hU flÊŒ / 64-2

xl Hkkjr dh jktO;oLFkk

‹Ê∑§ •Áœ∑§ÊÁ⁄UÿÊ¥ ∑§ ÁflL§h flÊŒ / 64-4lanHkZ lwph / 64.5

65- fgUnh Hkk"kk esa lafo/ku dk izkf/o`Qr ikB 65-1&65-2(Authoritative Text of the Constitution in Hindi Language)‚¥flÒäÊÊÁŸ∑§ izkoèkku / 65-1z}fl¥ ‚¥ÁfläÊÊŸ ‚¥‡ÊÊœŸ •ÁäÊÁŸÿ◊ ∑§ ∑§Ê⁄UáÊ / 65-1lanHkZ lwph / 65.2

66- fof'k"V oxks± ls lacaf/r fo'ks"k izko/ku 66-1&66-4(Special Provisions Relating to Certain Classes)Áfl‡Ê· ¬˝ÊfläÊÊŸ ∑§Ê •ÊÒÁøàÿ / 66-1flªÊZ ∑§Ê •ÊäÊÊ⁄U / 66-1Áfl‡Ê· ¬˝ÊfläÊÊŸ ∑§ •¥ª / 66-2lanHkZ lwph / 66.4

Hkkx&10

jktuhfr xfr'khyrk(POLITICAL DYNAMICS)

67- jktuhfrd ny (Political Parties) 67.3-67.10vFkZ ,oa izdkj / 67-3÷Ê⁄Uà ◊¥ Œ‹Ëÿ √ÿflSÕÊ / 67-3⁄UÊ"VªËÿ •ÊÒ⁄U ⁄UÊíÿSÃ⁄UËÿ Œ‹Ê¥ ∑§Ê ◊ÊãÿÃÊ / 67-5lanHkZ lwph / 67.10

68- fuokZpu (Elections) 68.1-68.11ÁŸflʸøŸ √ÿflSÕÊ / 68-1øÈŸÊfl Ã¥òÊ / 68-2øÈŸÊfl ¬˝Á∑˝§ÿÊ / 68-3lanHkZ lwph / 68.10

69- ernku O;ogkj (Voting Behaviour) 69.1-69.5ernku O;ogkj dk vFkZ / 69-1ernku O;ogkj dk egRo / 69-1ernku O;ogkj ds fu/kZjd / 69-2pquko ,oa ernku O;ogkj esa ehfM;k dh Hkwfedk / 69-3lanHkZ lwph / 69.5

fo"k;&lwph xli

70- pquko dkuwu (Election Laws) 70.1-70.5tu&izfrfuf/Ro vf/fu;e] 1950 / 70-1tu&izfrfuf/Ro vf/fu;e] 1951 / 70-2lhekadu vf/fu;e] 2002 / 70-3pquko laca/h vU; vf/fu;e / 70-4pquko ls lacaf/r fu;ekofy;k¡ / 70-4pquko ls lacaf/r vkns'k / 70-4lanHkZ lwph / 70.4

71- pquko lq/kj (Electoral Reforms) 71.1-71.10øÈŸÊfl ‚ÈäÊÊ⁄U ‚ ‚¥’¥ÁäÊà ‚Á◊ÁÃÿÊ¥ / 71-1v~~{ ∑§ ¬„U‹ ∑§ øÈŸÊfl ‚ÈäÊÊ⁄U / 71-2v~~{ ∑§ øÈŸÊfl ‚ÈäÊÊ⁄U / 71-2v~~{ ∑§ ’ÊŒ ∑§ øÈŸÊfl ‚ÈäÊÊ⁄U / 71-3wÆvÆ ‚ ‹∑§⁄U •’ Ã∑§ ∑§ øÈŸÊfl ‚ÈäÊÊ⁄U / 71-5lanHkZ lwph / 71.9

72- ny ifjorZu dkuwu (Anti-Defection Law) 72.1-72.4•ÁäÊÁŸÿ◊ ∑§ ©U¬’¥äÊ / 72-1•ÁäÊÁŸÿ◊ ∑§Ê ◊ÍÀÿÊ¢∑§Ÿ / 72-2~vflÊ¥ ‚¥ÁfläÊÊŸ ‚¥‡ÊÊäÊŸ •ÁäÊÁŸÿ◊ (wÆÆx) / 72-3lanHkZ lwph / 72.4

73- ncko lewg (Pressure Groups) 73.1-73.4vFkZ ,oa rduhd / 73-1÷Ê⁄Uà ◊¥ Œ’Êfl ‚◊Í„U / 73-1lanHkZ lwph / 73.4

74- jk"Vªh; ,drk (National Integration) 74.1-74.6⁄UÊc≈˛UËÿ ∞∑§ÃÊ ∑§Ê •Á÷¬˝Êÿ / 741⁄UÊc≈˛UËÿ ∞∑§ÃÊ ◊¥ •fl⁄UÊœ / 74-1⁄UÊc≈˛UËÿ ∞∑§ÃÊ ¬Á⁄U·Œ / 74-3lkEiznkf;d lkSgknzZ ds fy, jk"Vªh; iQkmaMs'ku / 74-4lanHkZ lwph / 74.6

75- fons'k uhfr (Foreign Policy) 75.1-75.8÷Ê⁄UÃËÿ ÁflŒ‡Ê ŸËÁà ∑§ Á‚hʢà / 75-1÷Ê⁄UÃËÿ ÁflŒ‡Ê ŸËÁà ∑§ ©Ug‡ÿ / 75-3÷Ê⁄Uà ∑§Ê ªÈ¡⁄UÊ‹ Á‚hʥà / 75-4÷Ê⁄Uà ∑§Ê ¬⁄U◊ÊáÊÈ Á‚hʥà / 75-4Hkkjr dh eè; ,f'k;k dks tksM+ks uhfr / 75-5Hkkjr dh ^,DV bZLV uhfr* / 75-6lanHkZ lwph / 75.7

xlii Hkkjr dh jktO;oLFkk

Hkkx&11

lafo/ku dh dk;Ziz.kkyh(WORKING OF THE CONSTITUTION)

76- lafo/ku dh dk;Ziz.kkyh dh leh{kk djus ds fy, jk"Vªh; vk;ksx 76-3&76-16(National Commission to Review the Working of the Constitution)I. •Êÿʪ ∑§Ê ∑§Êÿ¸ / 76-3II. ‚¥ÁfläÊÊŸ ∑§ ∑§Êÿ¸∑§⁄UáÊ ∑§ ¬øÊ‚ fl·¸ / 76-4III. Áø¥ÃÊ ∑§ Áfl·ÿ— •Êÿʪ ∑§ ◊à ◊¥ / 76-7IV. •Êÿʪ ∑§Ë Á‚»§ÊÁ⁄U‡Ê¥ / 76-16

ifjf'k"V(APPENDICES)

ifjf'k"V–I lafo/ku ds vuqPNsn (1&395) i-I-3&i-I-20[Articles of the Constitution (1-395)]

ifjf'k"V–II la?k lwph] jkT; lwph rFkk leorhZ lwph ds fo"k; i-II-1&i-II-6[Subjects of Union, State and Concurrent Lists]

ifjf'k"V–III ojh;rk vuqØe [Table of Precedence] i-III-1&i-III-4

ifjf'k"V–IV laoS/kfud ,oa vU; izkf/dkfj;ksa }kjk yh tkus okyh 'kiFk i-IV-1&i-IV-4[Oath by the Constitutional and Other Authorities]

ifjf'k"V–V lafo/ku ds varxZr O;k[;k,a i-V-1&i-V-3[Definitions Under the Constitution]

ifjf'k"V–VI lafo/ku la'kks/u % ,d utj esa i-VI-16-1&i-VI-14[Constitutional Amendments at a Glance]

ifjf'k"V–VII vU; lEc¼ la'kksèku vfèkfu;e% ,d utj esa i-VII-1&i-VII-5[Allied Amending Acts at a Glance]

ifjf'k"V–VIII fuokZpu (pquko) ls lEcfUèkr vkn'kZ vkpkj lafgrk i-VIII-1&i-VIII-5[Model Code of Conduct Relating to Elections]

ifjf'k"V–IX tu&izfrfuf/Ro vf/fu;e] 1950 dh /kjk,a i-IX-1&i-IX-2[Sections of The Representation of The People Act, 1950]

ifjf'k"V–X tu&izfrfuf/Ro vf/fu;e] 1951 dh /kjk,a i-X-1&i-X-6[Sections of the Representation of the People Act, 1951]

ifjf'k"V–XI Hkkjr dh èot lafgrk [Flag Code of India] i-XI-1&i-XI-9

ifjf'k"V–XII jk"Vªifr] mijk"Vªifr] iz/kuea=kh] vkfn i-XII-1&i-XII-7[Presidents, Vice-Presidents, Prime Ministers, etc.]

ifjf'k"V–XIII jk"Vªh; vk;ksxksa ds vè;{k i-XIII-1&i-XIII-3[Chairpersons of The National Commissions]

ifjf'k"V–XIV tEew ,oa d'ehj ds lafo/ku dh èkkjk,a i-XIV-1&i-XIV-4[Sections of the Constitution of Jammu and Kashmir]

ifjf'k"V–XV Hkkjrh; jktO;oLFkk laca/h ;w-ih-,l-lh- ds iz'u i-XV-1&i-XV-43(lkekU; vè;;uμizk- ijh{kk [UPSC Questions on Indian Polity(General Studies–Prelims)]

ifjf'k"V–XVI Hkkjrh; jktO;oLFkk laca/h vH;kl iz'u i-XVI-1&i-XVI-36(lkekU; vè;;uμizk- ijh{kk) [Practice Questions onIndian Polity (General Studies–Prelims)]

ifjf'k"V–XVII Hkkjrh; jktO;oLFkk laca/h ;w-ih-,l-lh- ds iz'u i-XVII-1&i-XVII-13(lkekU; vè;;u&eq[; ijh{kk) [UPSC Questions on IndianPolity (General Studies–Mains)]

ifjf'k"V–XVIII Hkkjrh; jktO;oLFkk laca/h vH;kl iz'u i-XVIII-1&i-XVIII-3(lkekU; vè;;u&eq[; ijh{kk) [Practice Questions on IndianPolity (General Studies–Mains)]

fo"k;&lwph xliii

Hkkx&1

laoS/kfud

,sfrgkfld i`"BHkwfe(Historical Background)

÷Ê⁄Uà ◊¥ Á’̋Á≈U‡Ê v{ÆÆ ß̧. ◊¥ ß̧S≈U ߢÁ«UÿÊ ∑¢§¬ŸË ∑§ M§¬ ◊¥, √ÿʬÊ⁄U∑§⁄UŸ •Ê∞– ◊„UÊ⁄UÊŸË ∞Á‹¡Ê’Õ ¬˝Õ◊ ∑§ øÊ≈¸U⁄U mUÊ⁄UÊ ©Uã„¥U ÷Ê⁄UÃ◊¥ √ÿʬÊ⁄U ∑§⁄UŸ ∑§ ÁflSÃÎà •Áœ∑§Ê⁄U ¬˝Êåà Ֆ ∑¢§¬ŸË, Á¡‚∑§∑§Êÿ̧ •÷Ë Ã∑§ Á‚»̧§ √ÿʬÊÁ⁄U∑§ ∑§ÊÿÊZ Ã∑§ „UË ‚ËÁ◊à Õ, Ÿ v|{z◊¥ ’¢ªÊ‹, Á’„UÊ⁄U •ÊÒ⁄U ©U«∏UË‚Ê ∑§ ŒËflÊŸË (•Õʸà ⁄UÊ¡Sfl ∞fl¥ŒËflÊŸË ãÿÊÿ ∑§ •ÁäÊ∑§Ê⁄U) •Áœ∑§Ê⁄Uv ¬˝Êåà ∑§⁄U Á‹∞– ß‚∑§Ã„ÃU ÷Ê⁄Uà ◊¥ ©U‚∑§ ˇÊòÊËÿ ‡ÊÁÄà ’ŸŸ ∑§Ë ¬˝Á∑˝§ÿÊ ¬˝Ê⁄¥U÷ „ÈU߸–v}z} ◊¥, “Á‚¬Ê„UË Áflº˝Ê„”U ∑§ ¬Á⁄UáÊÊ◊SflM§¬ Á’˝Á≈U‡Ê ÃÊ¡(Crown) Ÿ ÷Ê⁄Uà ∑§ ‡ÊÊ‚Ÿ ∑§Ê ©UûÊ⁄UŒÊÁÿàfl ¬˝àÿˇÊ× •¬Ÿ„UÊÕÊ¥ ◊¥ ‹ Á‹ÿÊ– ÿ„U ‡ÊÊ‚Ÿ vz •ªSÃ, v~y| ◊¥ ÷Ê⁄Uà ∑§ËSflâòÊÃÊ ¬˝ÊÁåà Ã∑§ •Ÿfl⁄Uà M§¬ ‚ ¡Ê⁄UË ⁄U„UÊ–

SflâòÊÃÊ Á◊‹Ÿ ∑§ ‚ÊÕ „UË ÷Ê⁄Uà ◊¥ ∞∑§ ‚¢ÁflœÊŸ ∑§Ë•Êfl‡ÿ∑§ÃÊ ◊„U‚Í‚ „ÈU߸– v~xy ◊¥ ∞◊.∞Ÿ. ⁄UÊÿ (÷Ê⁄Uà ◊¥‚ÊêÿflÊŒ •Ê¢ŒÊ‹Ÿ ∑§ ¬˝áÊÃÊ) ∑§ ÁŒ∞ ª∞ ‚ȤÊÊfl ∑§Ê •◊‹ ◊¥‹ÊŸ ∑§ ©UŒỖŒ‡ÿ ‚ v~y{ ◊¥ ∞∑§ ‚¢ÁflœÊŸ ‚÷Ê ∑§Ê ªΔUŸ Á∑§ÿʪÿÊ •ÊÒ⁄U w{ ¡Ÿfl⁄UË, v~zÆ ∑§Ê ‚¢ÁflœÊŸ •ÁSÃàfl ◊¥ •ÊÿÊ–ÿlÁ¬ ‚¢ÁflœÊŸ •ÊÒ⁄U ⁄UÊ¡√ÿflSÕÊ ∑§Ë •Ÿ∑§ Áfl‡Ê·ÃÊ∞¢ Á’˝Á≈U‡Ê‡ÊÊ‚Ÿ ‚ ª˝„UáÊ ∑§Ë ªÿË ÕË¥ ÃÕÊÁ¬ Á’˝Á≈U‡Ê ‡ÊÊ‚Ÿ ◊¥ ∑ȧ¿U ÉÊ≈UŸÊ∞¢∞‚Ë ÕË¥, Á¡Ÿ∑§ ∑§Ê⁄UáÊ Á’˝Á≈U‡Ê ‡ÊÊÁ‚à ÷Ê⁄Uà ◊¥ ‚⁄U∑§Ê⁄U •ÊÒ⁄U¬˝‡ÊÊ‚Ÿ ∑§Ë ÁflÁäÊ∑§ M§¬⁄UπÊ ÁŸÁ◊¸Ã ∑§Ë ªß¸– ߟ ÉÊ≈UŸÊ•Ê¥ Ÿ„U◊Ê⁄U ‚¢ÁflœÊŸ •ÊÒ⁄U ⁄UʡâòÊ ¬⁄U ª„U⁄UÊ ¬˝÷Êfl ¿UÊ«∏UÊ– ߟ ÉÊ≈UŸÊ•Ê¥∑§Ê ∑˝§◊flÊ⁄U éÿÊÒ⁄UÊ ÁŸêŸÊŸÈ‚Ê⁄U „ÒU—

∑¢§¬ŸË ∑§Ê ‡ÊÊ‚Ÿ [v||x ‚ v}z} Ã∑ ]§

v||x ∑§Ê ⁄UªÈ‹Á≈¢Uª ∞Ä≈U

ßU‚ •ÁäÊÁŸÿ◊ ∑§Ê •àÿÁäÊ∑§ ‚¥flÒäÊÁŸ∑§ ◊„Uàfl „ÒU, ÿÕÊ — (•)÷Ê⁄Uà ◊¥ ߸S≈U ߢÁ«UÿÊ ∑¢§¬ŸË ∑§ ∑§ÊÿÊZ ∑§Ê ÁŸÿÁ◊à •ÊÒ⁄U ÁŸÿ¢ÁòÊÃ∑§⁄UŸ ∑§Ë ÁŒ‡ÊÊ ◊¥ Á’˝Á≈U‡Ê ‚⁄U∑§Ê⁄U mUÊ⁄UÊ ©UΔUÊÿÊ ªÿÊ ÿ„U ¬„U‹Ê∑§Œ◊ ÕÊ, (’) ß‚∑§ mÊ⁄UÊ ¬„U‹Ë ’Ê⁄U ∑¢§¬ŸË ∑§ ¬˝‡ÊÊ‚ÁŸ∑§ •ÊÒ⁄U⁄UÊ¡ŸÒÁÃ∑§ ∑§ÊÿÊZ ∑§Ê ◊ÊãÿÃÊ Á◊‹Ë, ∞fl¥_ (‚) ß‚∑§ mÊ⁄UÊ ÷Ê⁄ÃU◊¥ ∑¥§º˝Ëÿ ¬˝‡ÊÊ‚Ÿ ∑§Ë ŸË¥fl ⁄UπË ªÿË–

•ÁäÊÁŸÿ◊U ∑§Ë Áfl‡Ê·ÃÊ∞¢

v. ß‚ •ÁäÊÁŸÿ◊§ mÊ⁄UÊ ’¢ªÊ‹ ∑§ ªflŸ¸⁄U ∑§Ê “’¥ªÊ‹ ∑§Ê ªflŸ¸⁄U¡Ÿ⁄U‹” ¬Œ ŸÊ◊ ÁŒÿÊ ªÿÊ ∞fl¥ ©U‚∑§Ë ‚„UÊÿÃÊ ∑§ Á‹∞∞∑§ øÊ⁄U ‚ŒSÿËÿ ∑§Êÿ¸∑§Ê⁄UË ¬Á⁄U·Œ ∑§Ê ªΔUŸ Á∑§ÿÊ ªÿÊ–©UÀ‹πŸËÿ „ÒU Á∑§ ∞‚ ¬„U‹ ªflŸ¸⁄U ‹ÊÚ«¸U flÊ⁄UŸ „ÁS≈¢UÇ‚ Õ–

w. ßU‚∑§ mUÊ⁄UÊ ◊Œ˝Ê‚ ∞fl¥ ’¥’߸U ∑§ ªflŸ¸⁄U, ’¢ªÊ‹ ∑§ ªflŸ¸⁄U¡Ÿ⁄U‹ ∑§ •äÊËŸ „UÊ ªÿ, ¡’Á∑§ ¬„U‹ ‚÷Ë ¬˝Á‚«¥UÁ‚ÿÊ¥∑§ ªflŸ¸⁄U ∞∑§-ŒÍ‚⁄‘U ‚ •‹ª Õ–

x. •ÁäÊÁŸÿ◊U ∑§ •¥Ãª¸Ã ∑§‹∑§ûÊÊ ◊¥ v||y ◊¥ ∞∑§ ©UìÊÃ◊ãÿÊÿÊ‹ÿ ∑§Ë SÕʬŸÊ ∑§Ë ªß¸, Á¡‚◊¥ ◊ÈÅÿ ãÿÊÿʜˇʕÊÒ⁄U ÃËŸ •ãÿ ãÿÊÿÊœË‡Ê Õ–

1

1.4 Hkkjr dh jktO;oLFkk

y. ß‚∑§ ÄUà ∑¢§¬ŸË ∑§ ∑§◊¸øÊÁ⁄UÿÊ¥ ∑§Ê ÁŸ¡Ë √ÿʬÊ⁄U ∑§⁄UŸ•ÊÒ⁄U ÷Ê⁄UÃËÿ ‹ÊªÊ¥ ‚ ©U¬„UÊ⁄U fl Á⁄U‡flà ‹ŸÊ ¬˝ÁÃ’¢ÁœÃ ∑§⁄UÁŒÿÊ ªÿÊ–

z. ß‚ •ÁäÊÁŸÿ◊ ∑§ mUÊ⁄UÊ, Á’˝Á≈U‡Ê ‚⁄U∑§Ê⁄U ∑§Ê ^∑§Ê≈¸U •ÊÚ»§«UÊÿ⁄‘UÄ≈U‚*̧ (∑¢§¬ŸË ∑§Ë ªflÁŸZª ’ÊÚ«UË) ∑§ ◊Êäÿ◊ ‚ ∑¥§¬ŸË¬⁄U§ ÁŸÿ¢òÊáÊ ‚‡ÊÄà „UÊ ªÿÊ– ß‚ ÷Ê⁄Uà ◊¥ ß‚∑§ ⁄UÊ¡Sfl,ŸÊªÁ⁄U∑§ •ÊÒ⁄U ‚Òãÿ ◊Ê◊‹Ê¥ ∑§Ë ¡ÊŸ∑§Ê⁄UË Á’˝Á≈U‡Ê ‚⁄U∑§Ê⁄U ∑§ÊŒŸÊ •Êfl‡ÿ∑§ ∑§⁄U ÁŒÿÊ ªÿÊ–

v|}y ∑§Ê Á¬≈˜UÔ‚ ߢÁ«UÿÊ ∞Ä≈U

⁄UªÈ‹Á≈¢Uª ∞Ä≈U, v||x ∑§Ë ∑§Á◊ÿÊ¥ ∑§Ê ŒÍ⁄U ∑§⁄UŸ ∑§ Á‹∞ Á’˝Á≈U‡Ê‚¢‚Œ Ÿ ∞∑§ ‚¢‡ÊÊÁäÊà •ÁäÊÁŸÿ◊ v|}v ◊¥ ¬ÊÁ⁄Uà Á∑§ÿÊ, Á¡‚∞Ä≈U •ÊÚ$»§ ‚Ò≈U‹◊¥≈U ∑§ ŸÊ◊ ‚ èÊË ¡ÊŸÊ ¡ÊÃÊ „ÒU– ß‚∑§ ’ÊŒ ∞∑§•ãÿ ◊„Uàfl¬ÍáȨ̂ •ÁäÊÁŸ◊ÿ Á¬≈̃U‚ ߢÁ«UÿÊ ∞Ä≈U, v|}yw ◊¥ •ÁSÃàfl◊¥ •ÊÿÊ–

•ÁäÊÁŸÿ◊U ∑§Ë Áfl‡Ê·ÃÊ∞¢

v. ß‚Ÿ ∑¢§¬ŸË ∑§ ⁄UÊ¡ŸÒÁÃ∑§ •ÊÒ⁄U flÊÁáÊÁíÿ∑§ ∑§ÊÿÊZ ∑§Ê ¬ÎÕ∑̃§-¬ÎÕ∑˜§ ∑§⁄U ÁŒÿÊ–

w. ßU‚Ÿ ÁŸŒ‡Ê∑ ◊¥«U‹ ∑§Ê ∑¢§¬ŸË ∑§ √ÿʬÊÁ⁄U∑§ ◊Ê◊‹Ê¥ ∑§•äÊˡÊáÊ ∑§Ë •ŸÈ◊Áà ÃÊ Œ ŒË ‹Á∑§Ÿ ⁄UÊ¡ŸÒÁÃ∑§ ◊Ê◊‹Ê¥∑§ ¬˝’¢œŸ ∑§ Á‹∞ ÁŸÿ¢òÊáÊ ’Ê«¸U (’Ê«¸U •ÊÚ»§ ∑¥§≈U˛Ê‹)ŸÊ◊ ‚ ∞∑§ Ÿ∞ ÁŸ∑§Êÿ ∑§Ê ªΔUŸ ∑§⁄U ÁŒÿÊ– ßU‚ ¬˝∑§Ê⁄U,mÒUäÊ ‡ÊÊ‚Ÿ ∑§Ë √ÿflSÕÊ ∑§Ê ‡ÊÈ÷Ê⁄¥U÷ Á∑§ÿÊ ªÿÊ–

x. ÁŸÿ¢òÊáÊ ’Ê«¸U ∑§Ê ÿ„U ‡ÊÁÄà ÕË Á∑§ fl„U Á’˝Á≈U‡Ê ÁŸÿ¢ÁòÊÃ÷Ê⁄Uà ◊¥ ‚÷Ë ŸÊªÁ⁄U∑§,U ‚Òãÿ ‚⁄U∑§Ê⁄U fl ⁄UÊ¡Sfl ªÁÃÁflÁœÿÊ¥∑§Ê •äÊˡÊáÊ ∞fl¥ ÁŸÿ¥¢òÊáÊ ∑§⁄‘–

ß‚ ¬˝∑§Ê⁄U, ÿ„U •äÊÁŸÿ◊ ŒÊ ∑§Ê⁄UáÊÊ¥ ‚ ◊„Uàfl¬Íáʸ ÕÊ-¬„U‹Ê, ÷Ê⁄Uà ◊¥ ∑¢§¬ŸË ∑§ •œËŸ ˇÊòÊ ∑§Ê ¬„U‹Ë ’Ê⁄U “Á’˝Á≈U‡Ê•ÊÁäʬàÿ ∑§Ê ˇÊòÊ”U ∑§„UÊ ªÿÊ_ ŒÍ‚⁄UÊ,§ Á’˝Á≈U‡Ê ‚⁄U∑§Ê⁄U ∑§Ê ÷Ê⁄UÃ◊¥ ∑¢§¬ŸË ∑§ ∑§ÊÿÊZ •ÊÒ⁄U ß‚∑§ ¬˝‡ÊÊ‚Ÿ ¬⁄U ¬Íáʸ ÁŸÿ¢òÊáÊ ¬˝ŒÊŸÁ∑§ÿÊ ªÿÊ–

v}xx ∑§Ê øÊ≈¸U⁄U •ÁœÁŸÿ◊

Á’˝Á≈U‡Ê ÷Ê⁄Uà ∑§ ∑¥§º˝Ëÿ∑§⁄UáÊ ∑§Ë ÁŒ‡ÊÊ ◊¥ ÿ„U •ÁäÊÁŸÿ◊ ÁŸáÊʸÿ∑§∑§Œ◊ ÕÊ– ßUU‚ •ÁœÁŸÿ◊ ∑§Ë Áfl‡Ê·ÃÊÿ¥ ÁŸêŸÊŸÈ‚Ê⁄U ÕË¥—

•ÁäÊÁŸÿ◊ ∑§Ë Áfl‡Ê·ÃÊ∞¢

v. ß‚Ÿ ’¢ªÊ‹ ∑§ ªflŸ¸⁄U ¡Ÿ⁄U‹ ∑§Ê ÷Ê⁄Uà ∑§Ê ªflŸ¸⁄U ¡Ÿ⁄U‹’ŸÊ ÁŒÿÊ, Á¡‚◊¥ ‚÷Ë ŸÊªÁ⁄U∑§ •ÊÒ⁄U ‚Òãÿ ‡ÊÁÄÃÿÊ¢ ÁŸÁ„UÃ

ÕË¥– ß‚ ¬˝∑§Ê⁄U, ßU‚ •ÁäÊÁŸÿ◊ Ÿ ¬„U‹Ë ’Ê⁄U ∞∑§ ∞‚Ë‚⁄U∑§Ê⁄U ∑§Ê ÁŸ◊ʸáÊ Á∑§ÿÊ, Á¡‚∑§Ê Á’˝Á≈U‡Ê ∑§é¡ flÊ‹ ‚¢¬Íáʸ÷Ê⁄UÃËÿ ˇÊòÊ ¬⁄U ¬Íáʸ ÁŸÿ¢òÊáÊ âÊÊ– ‹ÊÚ«¸U ÁflÁ‹ÿ◊ ’Ò¥Á≈U∑§÷Ê⁄Uà ∑§ ¬˝Õ◊ ªflŸ¸⁄U ¡Ÿ⁄U‹ Õ–

w. ß‚Ÿ ◊º˝Ê‚ •ÊÒ⁄U ’¢’߸ ∑§ ªflŸ¸⁄UÊ¥ ∑§Ê ÁflœÊÁÿ∑§Ê ‚¥’¥äÊˇÊÁÄà ‚ fl¥Áøà ∑§⁄UU ÁŒÿÊ– ÷Ê⁄Uà ∑§ ªflŸ¸⁄U ¡Ÿ⁄U‹ ∑§Ê ¬Í⁄UÁ’˝Á≈U‡Ê ÷Ê⁄Uà ◊¥ ÁflœÊÁÿ∑§Ê ∑§ •‚ËÁ◊à •ÁäÊ∑§Ê⁄U ¬˝ŒÊŸ∑§⁄U ÁŒÿ ªÿ– ß‚∑§ •¢Ãª¸Ã ¬„U‹ ’ŸÊ∞ ª∞ ∑§ÊŸÍŸÊ¥ ∑§ÊÁŸÿÊ◊∑§ ∑§ÊŸÍŸ ∑§„UÊ ªÿÊ •ÊÒ⁄U Ÿ∞ ∑§ÊŸÍŸ ∑§ ÄUà ’Ÿ∑§ÊŸÍŸÊ¥ ∑§Ê ∞Ä≈U ÿÊ •ÁœÁŸÿ◊ ∑§„UÊ ªÿÊ–

x. ߸S≈U ߢÁ«UÿÊ ∑¢§¬ŸË ∑§Ë ∞∑§ √ÿʬÊÁ⁄U∑§ ÁŸ∑§Êÿ ∑§ M§¬ ◊¥ ∑§Ë¡ÊŸ flÊ‹Ë ªÁÃÁflÁœÿÊ¥ ∑§Ê ‚◊Êåà ∑§⁄U ÁŒÿÊ ªÿÊ– •’ ÿ„UÁfl‡ÊÈh M§¬ ‚ ¬˝‡ÊÊ‚ÁŸ∑§ ÁŸ∑§Êÿ ’Ÿ ªÿÊ– ß‚∑§ ÄUÃ∑¢§¬ŸË ∑§ •ÁäÊ∑§Ê⁄U flÊ‹ ̌ ÊòÊ Á’˝Á≈U‡Ê ⁄UÊ¡‡ÊÊ„UË •ÊÒ⁄U ©U‚∑§©UûÊ⁄UÊÁœ∑§ÊÁ⁄UÿÊ¥ ∑§ Áfl‡flÊ‚ ∑§ ÄUà „UË ∑§é¡ ◊¥ ⁄U„U ª∞–

y. øÊ≈¸U⁄U ∞Ä≈U v}xx Ÿ Á‚Áfl‹ ‚fl∑§Ê¥ ∑§ øÿŸ ∑§ Á‹∞ πȋˬ˝ÁÃÿÊÁªÃÊ ∑§Ê •ÊÿÊ¡Ÿ ‡ÊÈM§ ∑§⁄UŸ ∑§Ê ¬˝ÿÊ‚ Á∑§ÿÊ– ß‚◊¥∑§„UÊ ªÿÊ Á∑§ ∑¢§¬ŸË ◊¥ ÷Ê⁄UÃËÿÊ¥ ∑§Ê Á∑§‚Ë ¬Œ, ∑§Êÿʸ‹ÿ•ÊÒ⁄U ⁄UÊ¡ªÊ⁄U ∑§Ê „UÊÁ‚‹ ∑§⁄UŸ ‚ fl¥Áøà Ÿ„UË¥ Á∑§ÿÊ ¡ÊÿªÊ–„UÊ‹Ê¢Á∑§ ∑§Ê≈¸U •ÊÚ»§ «UÊÿ⁄‘UÄ≈U‚¸ ∑§ Áfl⁄UÊœ ∑§ ∑§Ê⁄UáÊ ß‚¬˝ÊflœÊŸ ∑§Ê ‚◊Êåà ∑§⁄U ÁŒÿÊ ªÿÊ–

v}zx ∑§Ê øÊ≈¸U⁄U •ÁœÁŸÿ◊

v|~x ‚ v}zx ∑§ ŒÊÒ⁄UÊŸ Á’˝Á≈U‡Ê ‚¢‚Œ mÊ⁄UÊ ¬ÊÁ⁄Uà Á∑§∞ ª∞ øÊ≈¸U⁄U•ÁäÊÁŸÿ◊Ê¥ ∑§Ë o΢π‹Ê ◊¥ ÿ„U •¢ÁÃ◊ •ÁäÊÁŸÿ◊ ÕÊ– ‚¢flÒœÊÁŸ∑§Áfl∑§Ê‚ ∑§Ë ŒÎÁc≈U ‚ ÿ„U •ÁœÁŸÿ◊ ∞∑§ ◊„Uàfl¬Íáʸ •ÁœÁŸÿ◊ÕÊ– ß‚ •ÁœÁŸÿ◊ ∑§Ë Áfl‡Ê·ÃÊÿ¥ ÁŸêŸÊŸÈ‚Ê⁄U ÕË¥—

•ÁäÊÁŸÿ◊ ∑§Ë Áfl‡Ê·ÃÊ∞¢

v. ß‚Ÿ ¬„U‹Ë ’Ê⁄U ªflŸ¸⁄U ¡Ÿ⁄U‹ ∑§Ë ¬Á⁄U·Œ ∑§ ÁflœÊÿË ∞fl¥¬˝‡ÊÊ‚ÁŸ∑§ ∑§ÊÿÊZ ∑§Ê •‹ª ∑§⁄U ÁŒÿÊ– ß‚∑§ ÄUà ¬Á⁄U·Œ◊¥ ¿U„U Ÿ∞ ¬Ê·¸Œ •ÊÒ⁄U ¡Ê«∏U ª∞, ßã„¥U ÁflœÊŸ ¬Ê·¸Œ ∑§„UʪÿÊ– ŒÍ‚⁄U ‡ÊéŒÊ¥ ◊¥, ß‚Ÿ ªflŸ¸⁄U ¡Ÿ⁄U‹ ∑§ Á‹∞ Ÿß¸ÁflœÊŸ ¬Á⁄U·Œ ∑§Ê ªΔUŸ Á∑§ÿÊ, Á¡‚ ÷Ê⁄UÃËÿ (∑¥§º˝Ëÿ)ÁflœÊŸ ¬Á⁄U·Œ ∑§„UÊ ªÿÊ– ¬Á⁄U·Œ ∑§Ë ß‚ ‡ÊÊπÊ Ÿ ¿UÊ≈UË‚¢‚Œ ∑§Ë Ã⁄U„U ∑§Êÿ¸ Á∑§ÿÊ– ß‚◊¥ fl„UË ¬˝Á∑˝§ÿÊ∞¢ •¬ŸÊ߸ªßZ, ¡Ê Á’˝Á≈U‡Ê ‚¢‚Œ ◊¥ •¬ŸÊ߸ ¡ÊÃË ÕË¥– ß‚ ¬˝∑§Ê⁄,UÁflœÊÁÿ∑§Ê ∑§Ê ¬„U‹Ë ’Ê⁄U ‚⁄U∑§Ê⁄U ∑§ Áfl‡Ê· ∑§Êÿ¸ ∑§ M§¬◊¥ ¡ÊŸÊ ªÿÊ, Á¡‚∑§ Á‹∞ Áfl‡Ê· ◊‡ÊËŸ⁄UË •ÊÒ⁄U ¬˝Á∑˝§ÿÊ ∑§Ë¡M§⁄Uà ÕË–

,sfrgkfld i`"BHkwfe 1.5

w. ß‚Ÿ Á‚Áfl‹ ‚fl∑§Ê¥ ∑§Ë ÷ÃȨ̈ ∞fl¢ øÿŸ „UÃÈ πÈ‹Ë ¬̋ÁÃÿÊÁªÃÊ√ÿflSÕÊ ∑§Ê ‡ÊÈ÷Ê⁄¢U÷ Á∑§ÿÊ, ß‚ ¬˝∑§Ê⁄U ÁflÁ‡Êc≈U Á‚Áfl‹‚flÊx ÷Ê⁄UÃËÿ ŸÊªÁ⁄U∑§Ê¥ ∑§ Á‹∞ ÷Ë πÊ‹ ŒË ªß¸ •ÊÒ⁄Uß‚∑§ Á‹∞ v}zy ◊¥ (÷Ê⁄UÃËÿ Á‚Áfl‹ ‚flÊ ∑§ ‚¢’¢œ ◊¥U)◊Ò∑§Ê‹ ‚Á◊Áà ∑§Ë ÁŸÿÈÄà ∑§Ë ªß¸–

x. ß‚Ÿ ∑¢§¬ŸË ∑§ ‡ÊÊ‚Ÿ ∑§Ê ÁflSÃÊÁ⁄Uà ∑§⁄U ÁŒÿÊ •ÊÒ⁄U ÷Ê⁄UÃËÿˇÊòÊ ∑§Ê ߢNjҥ«U ⁄UÊ¡‡ÊÊ„UË ∑§ Áfl‡flÊ‚ ∑§ ÄUà ∑§é¡ ◊¥⁄UÅÊŸ ∑§Ê •Áœ∑§Ê⁄U ÁŒÿÊ– ‹Á∑§Ÿ ¬Ífl¸ •ÁœÁŸÿ◊Ê¥ ∑§Áfl¬⁄UËà ߂◊¥ Á∑§‚Ë ÁŸÁ‡øà ‚◊ÿ ∑§Ê ÁŸœÊ¸⁄UáÊ Ÿ„UË¥Á∑§ÿÊ ªÿÊ ÕÊ– ß‚‚ S¬c≈U ÕÊ Á∑§ ‚¢‚Œ mÊ⁄UÊ ∑¢§¬ŸË∑§Ê ‡ÊÊ‚Ÿ Á∑§‚Ë ÷Ë ‚◊ÿ ‚◊Êåà Á∑§ÿÊ ¡Ê ‚∑§ÃÊÕÊ–

y. ßU‚Ÿ ¬˝Õ◊ ’Ê⁄U ÷Ê⁄UÃËÿ ∑¥§º˝Ëÿ ÁflœÊŸ ¬Á⁄U·Œ ◊¥ SÕÊŸËÿ¬˝ÁÃÁŸÁœàfl ¬˝Ê⁄¥U÷ Á∑§ÿÊ– ªflŸ¸⁄U-¡Ÿ⁄U‹ ∑§Ë ¬Á⁄U·Œ ◊¥ ¿U„UŸ∞ ‚ŒSÿÊ¥ ◊¥ ‚, øÊ⁄U ∑§Ê øÈŸÊfl ’¢ªÊ‹, ◊º˝Ê‚, ’¢’߸ •ÊÒ⁄U•Êª⁄UÊ ∑§Ë SÕÊŸËÿ ¬˝Ê¢ÃËÿ ‚⁄U∑§Ê⁄UÊ¥ mÊ⁄UÊ Á∑§ÿÊ ¡ÊŸÊ ÕÊ–

ÃÊ¡ ∑§Ê ‡ÊÊ‚Ÿ [v}z} ‚ v~y| Ã∑§]

v}z} ∑§Ê ÷Ê⁄Uà ‡ÊÊ‚Ÿ •ÁœÁŸÿ◊

ß‚ ◊„Uàfl¬Íáʸ ∑§ÊŸÍŸ ∑§Ê ÁŸ◊ʸáÊ v}z| ∑§ Áflº˝Ê„UU ∑§ ’ÊŒ Á∑§ÿʪÿÊ, Á¡‚ ÷Ê⁄Uà ∑§Ê ¬˝Õ◊ SflâòÊÃÊ ‚¢ª˝Ê◊ ÿÊ Á‚¬Ê„UË Áflº˝Ê„U ÷Ë∑§„UÊ ¡ÊÃÊ „ÒU– ÷Ê⁄Uà ∑§ ‡ÊÊ‚Ÿ ∑§Ê •ë¿UÊ ’ŸÊŸ flÊ‹Ê•ÁœÁŸÿ◊ ŸÊ◊ ∑§ ¬˝Á‚hU ß‚ ∑§ÊŸÍŸ Ÿ, ߸S≈U ߢÁ«UÿÊ ∑¢§¬ŸË ∑§Ê‚◊Êåà ∑§⁄U ÁŒÿÊ •ÊÒ⁄U ªflŸ¸⁄UÊ¥, ˇÊòÊÊ¥ •ÊÒ⁄U ⁄UÊ¡Sfl ‚¢’¢œË ‡ÊÁÄÃÿÊ¢Á’˝Á≈U‡Ê ⁄UÊ¡‡ÊÊ„UË ∑§Ê „USÃÊ¥¢ÃÁ⁄Uà ∑§⁄U ŒË¥–

•ÁœÁŸÿ◊ ∑§Ë Áfl‡Ê·ÃÊ∞¢

v. ß‚∑§ ÄUà ÷Ê⁄Uà ∑§Ê ‡ÊÊ‚Ÿ ‚Ëœ ◊„UÊ⁄UÊŸË ÁflÄ≈UÊÁ⁄UÿÊ ∑§•œËŸ ø‹Ê ªÿÊ– ªflŸ¸⁄U ¡Ÿ⁄U‹ ∑§Ê ¬ŒŸÊ◊ ’Œ‹∑§⁄U÷Ê⁄Uà ∑§Ê flÊÿ‚⁄UÊÿ ∑§⁄U ÁŒÿÊ ªÿÊ– fl„ U(flÊÿ‚⁄UÊÿ)÷Ê⁄UÃ◊¥ Á’˝Á≈U‡Ê ÃÊ¡ ∑§Ê ¬˝àÿˇÊ ¬˝ÁÃÁŸÁœ ’Ÿ ªÿÊ– ‹ÊÚ«¸U ∑Ò§ÁŸ¢ª÷Ê⁄Uà ∑§ ¬˝Õ◊ flÊÿ‚⁄UÊÿ ’Ÿ–

w. ß‚ •ÁœÁŸÿ◊ Ÿ ÁŸÿ¢òÊáÊ ’Ê«¸U •ÊÒ⁄U ÁŸŒ‡Ê∑§ ∑§Ê≈¸U ‚◊ÊåÃ∑§⁄U ÷Ê⁄Uà ◊¥ ‡ÊÊ‚Ÿ ∑§Ë mÒUäÊU ¬˝áÊÊ‹Ë ‚◊Êåà ∑§⁄U ŒË–

x. ∞∑§ Ÿ∞ ¬Œ, ÷Ê⁄Uà ∑§ ⁄UÊÖÿ ‚Áøfl, ∑§Ê ‚ΡŸ Á∑§ÿÊ ªÿÊ_Á¡‚◊¥ ÷Ê⁄UÃËÿ ¬˝‡ÊÊ‚Ÿ ¬⁄U ‚¢¬Íáʸ ÁŸÿ¢òÊáÊ ∑§Ë ‡ÊÁÄà ÁŸÁ„UÃÕË– ÿ„U ‚Áøfl Á’˝Á≈U‡Ê ∑Ò§Á’Ÿ≈U ∑§Ê ‚ŒSÿ ÕÊ •ÊÒ⁄U Á’˝Á≈U‡Ê•¥Ã× ‚¢‚Œ ∑§ ¬˝Áà ©UûÊ⁄UŒÊÿË ÕÊ–

y. ÷Ê⁄Uà ‚Áøfl ∑§Ë ‚„UÊÿÃÊ ∑§ Á‹∞ vz ‚ŒSÿËÿ ¬Á⁄U·Œ ∑§ÊªΔUŸ Á∑§ÿÊ ªÿÊ, ¡Ê ∞∑§ ‚‹Ê„U∑§Ê⁄U ‚Á◊Áà ÕË– ¬Á⁄U·Œ∑§Ê •äÿˇÊ ÷Ê⁄Uà ‚Áøfl ∑§Ê ’ŸÊÿÊ ªÿÊ–

z. ß‚ ∑§ÊŸÍŸ ∑§ ÄUà ÷Ê⁄Uà ‚Áøfl ∑§Ë ¬Á⁄U·Œ ∑§Ê ªΔUŸÁ∑§ÿÊ ªÿÊ, ¡Ê ∞∑§ ÁŸªÁ◊à ÁŸ∑§Êÿ ÕË •ÊÒ⁄U Á¡‚ ÷Ê⁄UÕÊÒ⁄U ߢNjҥ«U ◊¥ ◊È∑§Œ◊Ê ∑§⁄UŸ ∑§Ê •Áœ∑§Ê⁄U ÕÊ– ß‚ ¬⁄U ÷Ë◊È∑§Œ◊Ê Á∑§ÿÊ ¡Ê ‚∑§ÃÊ ÕÊ–

v}z} ∑§ ∑§ÊŸÍŸ ∑§Ê ¬˝◊Èπ ©UŒ˜ÔŒ‡ÿ, ¬˝‡ÊÊ‚ÁŸ∑§ ◊‡ÊËŸ⁄UË ◊¥‚ÈœÊ⁄U ÕÊ, Á¡‚∑§ ◊Êäÿ◊ ‚ ߢNjҥ«U ◊¥ ÷Ê⁄UÃËÿ ‚⁄U∑§Ê⁄U ∑§Ê •äÊˡÊáÊ•ÊÒ⁄U ©U‚∑§Ê ÁŸÿ¢òÊáÊ „UÊ ‚∑§ÃÊ ÕÊ– ß‚Ÿ ÷Ê⁄Uà ◊¥ ¬˝øÁ‹Ã ‡ÊÊ‚Ÿ¬˝áÊÊ‹Ë ◊¥ ∑§Ê߸ Áfl‡Ê· ¬Á⁄UfløŸ Ÿ„UË¥ Á∑§ÿÊy–

v}{v, v}~w •ÊÒ⁄U v~Æ~ ∑§ ÷Ê⁄Uà ¬Á⁄U·Œ •ÁœÁŸÿ◊

v}z| ∑§Ë ◊„UÊŸ ∑˝§Ê¢Áà ∑§ ’ÊŒ Á’˝Á≈U‡Ê ‚⁄U∑§Ê⁄U Ÿ ◊„U‚Í‚ Á∑§ÿÊÁ∑§ ÷Ê⁄Uà ◊¥ ‡ÊÊ‚Ÿ ø‹ÊŸ ∑§ Á‹∞ ÷Ê⁄UÃËÿÊ¥ ∑§Ê ‚„Uÿʪ ‹ŸÊ•Êfl‡ÿ∑§ „ÒU– ß‚ ‚„Uÿʪ ŸËÁà ∑§ ÄUà Á’˝Á≈U‡Ê ‚¢‚Œ Ÿ v}{v,v}~w •ÊÒ⁄U v~Æ~ ◊¥ ÃËŸ Ÿ∞ •ÁœÁŸÿ◊ ¬ÊÁ⁄Uà Á∑§∞– v}{v ∑§Ê÷Ê⁄Uà ¬Á⁄U·Œ •ÁœÁŸÿ◊ ÷Ê⁄UÃËÿ ‚¢flÒœÊÁŸ∑§ •ÊÒ⁄U ⁄UÊ¡ŸÒÁÃ∑§ßÁÄUÊ‚ ◊¥ ∞∑§ ◊„Uàfl¬Íáʸ •ÁœÁŸÿ◊ ÕÊ–

v}{v ∑§ ÷Ê⁄Uà ¬Á⁄U·Œ •ÁœÁŸÿ◊ ∑§Ë Áfl‡Ê·ÃÊ∞¢

v. ßU‚∑§ mUÊ⁄UÊ ∑§ÊŸÍŸ ’ŸÊŸ ∑§Ë ¬˝Á∑˝§ÿÊ ◊ ¥ ÷Ê⁄UÃËÿ¬˝ÁÃÁŸÁœÿÊ¥ ∑§Ê ‡ÊÊÁ◊‹ ∑§⁄UŸ ∑§Ë ‡ÊÈL§•Êà „ÈU߸– ß‚¬˝∑§Ê⁄U flÊÿ‚⁄UÊÿ ∑ȧ¿U ÷Ê⁄UÃËÿÊ¥ ∑§Ê ÁflSÃÊÁ⁄Uà ¬Á⁄U·Œ◊¥ ªÒ⁄U-‚⁄U∑§Ê⁄UË ‚ŒSÿÊ¥ ∑§ M§¬ ◊¥ ŸÊ◊Ê¢Á∑§Ã ∑§⁄U ‚∑§ÃÊÕÊ– v}62 ◊¥ ‹ÊÚ«¸U ∑Ò§ÁŸ¢ª Ÿ ÃËŸ ÷Ê⁄UÃËÿÊ¥-’ŸÊ⁄U‚ ∑§⁄UÊ¡Ê, ¬Á≈UÿÊ‹Ê ∑§ ◊„UÊ⁄UÊ¡Ê •ÊÒ⁄U ‚⁄U ÁŒŸ∑§⁄U ⁄UÊfl ∑§ÊÁflœÊŸ ¬Á⁄U·Œ ◊¥ ◊ŸÊŸËà Á∑§ÿÊ–

w. ß‚ •ÁäÊÁŸÿ◊ Ÿ ◊º˝Ê‚ •ÊÒ⁄U ’¢’߸ ¬̋Á‚«¥Á‚ÿÊ¥ ∑§Ê ÁflœÊÿˇÊÁÄÃÿÊ¢ ¬ÈŸ— Œ∑§⁄U Áfl∑¥§º˝Ë∑§⁄UáÊ ∑§Ë ¬˝Á∑˝§ÿÊ ∑§Ë ‡ÊÈL§•ÊÃ∑§Ë– ß‚ ¬˝∑§Ê⁄U ß‚ •ÁœÁŸÿ◊ Ÿ ⁄UªÈ‹Á≈¢Uª ∞Ä≈U, v||xmÊ⁄UÊ ‡ÊÈM§ „ÈU߸ ∑¥§º˝Ëÿ∑§⁄UáÊ ∑§Ë ¬˝flÎÁûÊ ∑§Ê ©U‹≈U ÁŒÿÊ •ÊÒ⁄Uv}xx ∑§ øÊ≈¸U⁄U •ÁœÁŸÿ◊ ∑§ ‚ÊÕ „UËU •¬Ÿ ø⁄U◊ ¬⁄U¬„È¢Uø ªÿÊ– ß‚ ÁflœÊÿË Áfl∑§Ê‚ ∑§Ë ŸËÁà ∑§ ∑§Ê⁄UáÊ v~x|Ã∑§ ¬˝Ê¢ÃÊ¥ ∑§Ê ‚¢¬Íáʸ •Ê¢ÃÁ⁄U∑§ SflÊÿûÊÃÊ „UÊÁ‚‹ „UÊ ªß¸–

x. ’¢ªÊ‹, ©UûÊ⁄U-¬Á‡ø◊ ‚Ë◊Ê ¬˝Ê¢Ã •ÊÒ⁄U ¬¢¡Ê’ ◊¥ ∑˝§◊‡Ê—v}{w, v}{{ •ÊÒ⁄U v}~| ◊¥ ÁflœÊŸ¬Á⁄U·ŒÊ¥ ∑§Ê ªΔUŸ „ÈU•Ê–

y. ß‚Ÿ flÊÿ‚⁄UÊÿ ∑§Ê ¬Á⁄U·Œ ◊¥ ∑§Êÿ¸ ‚¢øÊ‹Ÿ ∑§ Á‹∞ •Áœ∑§ÁŸÿ◊ •ÊÒ⁄U •ÊŒ‡Ê ’ŸÊŸ ∑§Ë ‡ÊÁÄÃÿÊ¢ ¬˝ŒÊŸ ∑§Ë¥– ß‚Ÿ‹ÊÚ«U̧ ∑Ò§ÁŸ¢ª mÊ⁄UÊ v}z~ ◊¥ ¬˝Ê⁄¢U÷§∑§Ë ªß¸ ¬Ê≈U̧»§ÊÁ‹ÿÊ ¬˝áÊÊ‹Ë∑§Ê ÷Ë ◊ÊãÿÃÊ ŒË– ß‚∑§ •¥Ãª¸Ã flÊÿ‚⁄UÊÿ ∑§Ë ¬Á⁄U·Œ ∑§Ê

1.6 Hkkjr dh jktO;oLFkk

∞∑§ ‚ŒSÿ ∞∑§ ÿÊ •Áœ∑§ ‚⁄U∑§Ê⁄UË Áfl÷ʪʥ ∑§Ê ¬˝÷Ê⁄UË’ŸÊÿÊ ¡Ê ‚∑§ÃÊ ÕÊ ÃÕÊ ©U‚ ß‚ Áfl÷ʪ ◊¥ ∑§Ê©¥UÁ‚‹ ∑§Ë•Ê⁄U ‚ •¢ÁÃ◊ •ÊŒ‡Ê ¬ÊÁ⁄Uà ∑§⁄UŸ ∑§Ê •Áœ∑§Ê⁄U ÕÊ–

z. ß‚Ÿ flÊÿ‚⁄UÊÿ ∑§Ê •Ê¬ÊÃ∑§Ê‹ ◊¥ Á’ŸÊ ∑§Ê©¥UÁ‚‹ ∑§Ë‚¢SÃÈÁà ∑§ •äÿÊŒ‡Ê ¡Ê⁄UË ∑§⁄UŸ ∑§ Á‹∞ •Áœ∑Χà Á∑§ÿÊ–∞‚ •äÿÊŒ‡Ê ∑§Ë •flÁœ ◊ÊòÊ ¿U„U ◊Ê„U „UÊÃË ÕË–

v}~w ∑§ •ÁœÁŸÿ◊ ∑§Ë Áfl‡Ê·ÃÊ∞¢

v. ß‚∑§ ◊Êäÿ◊ ‚ ∑¥§º˝Ëÿ •ÊÒ⁄U ¬˝Ê¢ÃËÿ ÁflœÊŸ ¬Á⁄U·ŒÊ¥ ◊¥•ÁÃÁ⁄UÄà (ªÒ⁄U-‚⁄U∑§Ê⁄UË) ‚ŒSÿÊ¥ ∑§Ë ‚¢ÅÿÊ ’…∏UÊ߸ ªß¸,„UÊ‹Ê¢Á∑§ ’„ÈU◊à ‚⁄U∑§Ê⁄UË ‚ŒSÿÊ¥ ∑§Ê „UË ⁄U„UÃÊ ÕÊ–

w. ß‚Ÿ ÁflœÊŸ ¬Á⁄U·ŒÊ‘¥U ∑§ ∑§ÊÿÊZ ◊¥ flÎÁh ∑§⁄U ©Uã„¥U ’¡≈Uz ¬⁄U’„U‚ ∑§⁄UŸ •ÊÒ⁄U ∑§Êÿ¸¬ÊÁ‹∑§Ê ∑§ ¬˝‡ŸÊ¥ ∑§Ê ©UûÊ⁄U ŒŸ ∑§Á‹∞ •Áœ∑Χà Á∑§ÿÊ–

x. ß‚◊¥ ∑¥§º˝Ëÿ ÁflœÊŸ ¬Á⁄U·Œ •ÊÒ⁄U ’¢ªÊ‹ øÒ¥’‚¸ •ÊÚ$»§§ ∑§ÊÚ◊‚¸◊¥ ªÒ⁄U-‚⁄U∑§Ê⁄UË ‚ŒSÿÊ¥ ∑§ ŸÊ◊Ê¢∑§Ÿ ∑§ Á‹∞ flÊÿ‚⁄UÊÿ ∑§Ë‡ÊÁÄÃÿÊ¥ ∑§Ê ¬˝ÊflœÊŸ ÕÊ– ß‚∑§ •‹ÊflÊ ¬˝Ê¢ÃËÿ ÁflœÊŸ¬Á⁄U·ŒÊ ¥ ◊¥ ªflŸ¸⁄U ∑§Ê Á¡‹Ê ¬Á⁄U·Œ, Ÿª⁄U¬ÊÁ‹∑§Ê,Áfl‡flÁfllÊ‹ÿ, √ÿʬÊ⁄U ‚¢ÉÊ, ¡◊Ë¥ŒÊ⁄Ê¥U •ÊÒ⁄U øÒê’⁄U •ÊÚ$»§§∑§ÊÚ◊‚¸ ∑§Ë Á‚»§ÊÁ⁄U‡ÊÊ¥ ¬⁄U ªÒ⁄U-‚⁄U∑§Ê⁄UË ‚ŒSÿÊ¥ ∑§Ê ÁŸÿÈÄÃ∑§⁄UŸ ∑§Ë ‡ÊÁÄà ÕË–

ßU‚ •ÁäÊÁŸÿ◊ Ÿ ∑¥§º˝Ëÿ •ÊÒ⁄U ¬˝Ê¢ÃËÿ ÁflœÊŸ ¬Á⁄U·ŒÊ¥ ŒÊŸÊ¥ ◊¥ªÒ⁄U-‚⁄U∑§Ê⁄UË ‚ŒSÿÊ¥ ∑§Ë ÁŸÿÈÁÄà ∑§ Á‹∞ ∞∑§ ‚ËÁ◊à •ÊÒ⁄U ¬⁄UÊˇÊM§¬ ‚ øÈŸÊfl ∑§Ê ¬̋ÊflœÊŸ Á∑§ÿÊ „UÊ‹Ê¢Á∑§ øÈŸÊfl ‡ÊéŒ ∑§Ê •ÁäÊÁŸÿ◊◊¥ ¬˝ÿʪ Ÿ„UË¥ „ÈU•Ê ÕÊ– ß‚ ÁŸÁ‡øà ÁŸ∑§ÊÿÊ¥ ∑§Ë Á‚»§ÊÁ⁄U‡Ê ¬⁄U ∑§Ë¡ÊŸ flÊ‹Ë ŸÊ◊Ê¢∑§Ÿ ∑§Ë ¬˝Á∑˝§ÿÊ ∑§„UÊ ªÿÊ–{

v~Æ~ ∑§ •ÁœÁŸÿ◊ ∑§Ë Áfl‡Ê·ÃÊ∞¢

ß‚ •ÁœÁŸÿ◊ ∑§Ê ◊ÊÚ‹¸-Á◊¢≈UÊ ‚ÈœÊ⁄U ∑§ ‚ÈäÊÊ⁄U ∑§ ŸÊ◊ ‚ ÷Ë¡ÊŸÊ ¡ÊÃÊ „ÒU (©U‚ ‚◊ÿ ‹ÊÚ«¸U ◊ÊÚ‹¸ ߢNjҥ«U ◊¥ ÷Ê⁄Uà ∑§ ⁄UÊÖÿ‚Áøfl Õ •ÊÒ⁄U ‹ÊÚ«¸U Á◊¢≈UÊ ÷Ê⁄Uà ◊¥ flÊÿ‚⁄UÊÿ Õ)–

v. ß‚Ÿ ∑¥§º˝Ëÿ •ÊÒ⁄U ¬˝Ê¢ÃËÿ ÁflœÊŸ¬Á⁄U·ŒÊ¥ ∑§ •Ê∑§Ê⁄U ◊¥ ∑§Ê»§ËflÎÁh ∑§Ë– ∑¥§º˝Ëÿ ¬Á⁄U·Œ ◊¥ ߟ∑§Ë ‚¢ÅÿÊ v{ ‚ {Æ „UÊ ªß¸–¬˝Ê¢ÃËÿ ÁflœÊŸ¬Á⁄U·ŒÊ¥ ◊¥ ߟ∑§Ë ‚¢ÅÿÊ ∞∑§ ‚◊ÊŸ Ÿ„UË¥ ÕË–

w. ß‚Ÿ ∑¥§º˝Ëÿ ¬Á⁄U·Œ ◊¥ ‚⁄U∑§Ê⁄UË ’„ÈU◊à ∑§Ê ’ŸÊ∞ ⁄UπÊ‹Á∑§Ÿ ¬˝Ê¢ÃËÿ ¬Á⁄U·ŒÊ¥ ◊¥ ªÒ⁄U-‚⁄U∑§Ê⁄UË ‚ŒSÿÊ¥ ∑§ ’„ÈU◊Ã∑§Ë •ŸÈ◊Áà ÕË–

x. ß‚Ÿ ŒÊŸÊ¥ SÃ⁄UÊ¥ ¬⁄U ÁfläÊÊŸ ¬Á⁄U·ŒÊ¥ ∑§ øøʸ ∑§ÊÿÊZ ∑§ÊŒÊÿ⁄UÊ ’…∏UÊÿÊ– ©UŒÊ„U⁄UáÊ ∑§ ÃÊÒ⁄U ¬⁄U •ŸÈ¬Í⁄U∑§ ¬˝‡Ÿ ¬Í¿UŸÊ,’¡≈U ¬⁄U ‚¥∑§À¬ ⁄UπŸÊ •ÊÁŒ–

y. ß‚ •ÁœÁŸÿ◊ ∑§ •¢Ãª¸Ã ¬„U‹Ë ’Ê⁄U Á∑§‚Ë ÷Ê⁄UÃËÿ ∑§ÊflÊÿ‚⁄UÊÿ •ÊÒ⁄U ªflŸ¸⁄U ∑§Ë ∑§Êÿ¸¬Á⁄U·Œ ∑§ ‚ÊÕ ∞‚ÊÁ‚∞‡ÊŸ’ŸÊŸ ∑§Ê ¬˝ÊflœÊŸ Á∑§ÿÊ ªÿÊ– ‚àÿ¥º˝ ¬˝‚ÊŒ Á‚ã„UÊflÊÿ‚⁄UÊÿ ∑§Ë ∑§Êÿ¸¬ÊÁ‹∑§Ê ¬Á⁄U·Œ ∑§ ¬˝Õ◊ ÷Ê⁄UÃËÿ ‚ŒSÿ’Ÿ– ©Uã„¥U ÁflÁœ ‚ŒSÿ ’ŸÊÿÊ ªÿÊ ÕÊ–

z. ß‚ •ÁœÁŸÿ◊ Ÿ ¬ÎÕ∑§˜ ÁŸflʸøŸ§ ∑§ •ÊœÊ⁄U ¬⁄U ◊ÈÁS‹◊Ê¥∑§ Á‹∞ ‚Ê¢¬˝ŒÊÁÿ∑§ ¬˝ÁÃÁŸÁœàfl ∑§Ê ¬˝ÊflœÊŸ Á∑§ÿÊ– ß‚∑§•¥Ãª¸Ã ◊ÈÁS‹◊ ‚ŒSÿÊ¥ ∑§Ê øÈŸÊfl ◊ÈÁS‹◊ ◊ÃŒÊÃÊ „UË∑§⁄U ‚∑§Ã Õ– ß‚ ¬˝∑§Ê⁄U ß‚ •ÁäÊÁŸÿ◊ Ÿ ‚Ê¥¬˝ŒÊÁÿ∑§ÃÊ∑§Ê flÒœÊÁŸ∑§ÃÊ ¬˝ŒÊŸ ∑§Ë •ÊÒ⁄U ‹ÊÚ«¸U Á◊¢≈UÊ ∑§Ê ‚Ê¢¬˝ŒÊÁÿ∑§ÁŸflʸøŸ ∑§ ¡Ÿ∑§ ∑§ M§¬ ◊¥ ¡ÊŸÊ ªÿÊ–

{. ß‚Ÿ ¬˝ Á‚«¥ U‚Ë ∑§ÊÚ⁄U¬Ê⁄ U‡ÊŸ, øÒ¥’‚¸ •ÊÚ $»§ ∑§ÊÚ◊‚¸,Áfl‡flÁfllÊ‹ÿÊ¥ •ÊÒ⁄U ¡◊Ë¥ŒÊ⁄UÊ¥ ∑§ Á‹∞ •‹ª ¬˝ÁÃÁŸÁœàfl∑§Ê ¬˝ÊflœÊŸ ÷Ë Á∑§ÿÊ–

÷Ê⁄Uà ‡ÊÊ‚Ÿ •ÁœÁŸÿ◊, v~v~

wÆ •ªSÃ, v~v| ∑§Ê Á’˝Á≈U‡Ê ‚⁄U∑§Ê⁄U Ÿ ¬„U‹Ë ’Ê⁄U ÉÊÊÁ·Ã Á∑§ÿÊÁ∑§ ©U‚∑§Ê ©UŒ˜ÔŒ‡ÿ ÷Ê⁄Uà ◊¥ ∑˝§Á◊∑§ M§¬ ‚ U©UûÊ⁄UŒÊÿËU ‚⁄U∑§Ê⁄U|

∑§Ë SÕʬŸÊ ∑§⁄UŸÊ ÕÊ–

∑˝§Á◊∑§ M§¬ ‚ v~v~ ◊¥ ÷Ê⁄Uà ‡ÊÊ‚Ÿ •ÁœÁŸÿ◊U ’ŸÊÿʪÿÊ, ¡Ê v~wv ‚ ‹ÊªÍ „ÈU•Ê– ß‚ ∑§ÊŸÍŸ ∑§Ê ◊Ê¥≈Uª-øê‚»§Ê«¸U‚ÈœÊ⁄U ÷Ë ∑§„UÊ ¡ÊÃÊ „Ò (◊Ê¥≈Uª ÷Ê⁄Uà ∑§ ⁄UÊÖÿ ‚Áøfl Õ, ¡’Á∑§øê‚»§Ê«¸U ÷Ê⁄Uà ∑§ flÊÿ‚⁄UÊÿ Õ)–

•ÁœÁŸÿ◊ ∑§Ë Áfl‡Ê·ÃÊ∞¢

v. ∑¥§º˝Ëÿ •ÊÒ⁄U ¬˝Ê¢ÃËÿ Áfl·ÿÊ¥ ∑§Ë ‚ÍøË ∑§Ë ¬„UøÊŸ ∑§⁄U ∞fl¥©Uã„¥U ¬ÎÕ∑˜§ ∑§⁄U ⁄UÊÖÿÊ¥ ¬⁄U ∑¥§º˝Ëÿ ÁŸÿ¢òÊáÊ ∑§◊ Á∑§ÿÊ ªÿÊ–∑¥§º˝Ëÿ •ÊÒ⁄U ¬˝Ê¢ÃËÿ ÁfläÊÊŸ ¬Á⁄U·ŒÊ¥ ∑§Ê, •¬ŸË ‚ÍÁøÿÊ¥ ∑§Áfl·ÿÊ¥ ¬⁄U ÁfläÊÊŸ ’ŸÊŸ ∑§Ê •ÁäÊ∑§Ê⁄U ¬˝ŒÊŸ Á∑§ÿÊ ªÿÊ–‹Á∑§Ÿ ‚⁄U∑§Ê⁄U ∑§Ê …UÊ¢øÊ ∑¥§º˝Ëÿ •ÊÒ⁄U ∞∑§Êà◊∑§ „UË ’ŸÊ⁄U„UÊ–

w. ß‚Ÿ ¬˝Ê¢ÃËÿ Áfl·ÿÊ¥ ∑§Ê ¬ÈŸ— ŒÊ ÷ʪʥ ◊¥ Áfl÷Äà Á∑§ÿÊ-„USÃÊ¥¢ÃÁ⁄Uà •ÊÒ⁄U •Ê⁄UÁˇÊÖ „USÃÊ¥ÃÁ⁄Uà Áfl·ÿÊ¥ ¬⁄ UªflŸ¸⁄U ∑§Ê‡ÊÊ‚Ÿ „UÊÃÊ ÕÊ •ÊÒ⁄U ß‚ ∑§Êÿ¸ ◊¥ fl„U ©UŸ ◊¥ÁòÊÿÊ¥ ∑§Ë ‚„UÊÿÃÊ‹ÃÊ ÕÊ, ¡Ê ÁflœÊŸ ¬Á⁄U·Œ ∑§ ¬˝Áà ©UûÊ⁄UŒÊÿË Õ– ŒÍ‚⁄UË •Ê⁄U•Ê⁄UÁˇÊà Áfl·ÿÊ¥ ¬⁄ ªflŸ¸⁄U ∑§Êÿ¸¬ÊÁ‹∑§Ê ¬Á⁄U·Œ ∑§Ë‚„UÊÿÃÊ ‚ ‡ÊÊ‚Ÿ ∑§⁄UÃÊ ÕÊ, ¡Ê ÁflœÊŸ ¬Á⁄U·Œ ∑§ ¬˝ÁéUûÊ⁄UŒÊÿË Ÿ„UË¥ ÕË– ‡ÊÊ‚Ÿ ∑§Ë ß‚ ŒÊ„U⁄UË √ÿflSÕÊ ∑§Ê mÒœ(ÿÍŸÊŸË ‡ÊéŒ «UÊ߸-•Ê∑§Ë¸ ‚ √ÿÈà¬ÛÊ) ‡ÊÊ‚Ÿ √ÿflSÕÊ ∑§„UʪÿÊ– „UÊ‹Ê¢Á∑§ ÿ„U √ÿflSÕÊ ∑§Ê»§Ë „UŒ Ã∑§ •‚»§‹ „UË ⁄U„UË–

,sfrgkfld i`"BHkwfe 1.7

x. ß‚ •ÁœÁŸÿ◊ Ÿ ¬„U‹Ë ’Ê⁄U Œ‡Ê ◊¥ Ám‚ŒŸËÿ √ÿflSÕÊ•ÊÒ⁄U ¬˝àÿˇÊ ÁŸflʸøŸ ∑§Ë √ÿflSÕÊ ¬˝Ê⁄¢U÷ ∑§Ë– ß‚ ¬˝∑§Ê⁄U÷Ê⁄UÃËÿ ÁflœÊŸ ¬Á⁄U·Œ ∑§ SÕÊŸ ¬⁄U Ám‚ŒŸËÿ √ÿflSÕÊÿÊŸË ⁄UÊÖÿ‚÷Ê •ÊÒ⁄U ‹Ê∑§‚÷Ê ∑§Ê ªΔUŸ Á∑§ÿÊ ªÿÊ– ŒÊŸÊ¥‚ŒŸÊ¥ ∑§ ’„ÈU‚¢Åÿ∑§ ‚ŒSÿÊ¥ ∑§Ê ¬˝àÿˇÊ ÁŸflʸøŸ ∑§ ◊Êäÿ◊‚ ÁŸflʸÁøà Á∑§ÿÊ ¡ÊÃÊ ÕÊ–

y. ß‚∑§ •ŸÈ‚Ê⁄U, flÊÿ‚⁄UÊÿ ∑§Ë ∑§Êÿ¸∑§Ê⁄UË ¬Á⁄U·Œ ∑§ ¿U„U‚ŒSÿÊ¥ ◊¥ ‚ (∑§◊Ê¢«U⁄U-ߟ-øË$»§ ∑§Ê ¿UÊ«∏∑§⁄U) ÃËŸ ‚ŒSÿÊ¥∑§Ê ÷Ê⁄UÃËÿ „UÊŸÊ •Êfl‡ÿ∑§ ÕÊ–

z. ß‚Ÿ ‚Ê¢¬˝ŒÊÁÿ∑§ •ÊœÊ⁄ U¬⁄U Á‚πÊ¥, ÷Ê⁄UÃËÿ ߸‚Ê߸ÿÊ¥,•Ê¢Ç‹-÷Ê⁄UÃËÿÊ¥ •ÊÒ⁄U ÿÍ⁄UÊÁ¬ÿÊ¥¥ ∑§ Á‹∞ ÷Ë ¬ÎÕ∑˜§ ÁŸflʸøŸ∑§ Á‚hʢà ∑§Ê ÁflSÃÊÁ⁄Uà ∑§⁄U ÁŒÿÊ–

{. ß‚ ∑§ÊŸÍŸ Ÿ ‚¢¬ÁûÊ, ∑§⁄U ÿÊ Á‡ÊˇÊÊ ∑§ •ÊœÊ⁄U ¬⁄U ‚ËÁ◊¢ÅÿÊ ◊¥ ‹ÊªÊ¥ ∑§Ê ◊ÃÊÁœ∑§Ê⁄U ¬˝ŒÊŸ Á∑§ÿÊ–

|. ß‚ ∑§ÊŸÍŸ Ÿ ‹¢ŒŸ ◊¥ ÷Ê⁄Uà ∑§ ©UìÊÊÿÈÄà ∑§ ∑§Êÿʸ‹ÿ ∑§Ê‚ΡŸ Á∑§ÿÊ •ÊÒ⁄U •’ Ã∑§ ÷Ê⁄Uà ‚Áøfl mÊ⁄UÊ Á∑§∞ ¡Ê ⁄U„U∑ȧ¿U ∑§ÊÿÊZ ∑§Ê ©UìÊÊÿÈÄà ∑§Ê SÕÊŸÊ¢ÃÁ⁄Uà ∑§⁄U ÁŒÿÊ ªÿÊ–

}. ß‚‚ ∞∑§ ‹Ê∑§ ‚flÊ •Êÿʪ ∑§Ê ªΔUŸ Á∑§ÿÊ ªÿÊ– •Ã—v~w{ ◊¥ Á‚Áfl‹ ‚fl∑§Ê¥ ∑§Ë ÷Ã˸} ∑§ Á‹∞ ∑¥§º˝Ëÿ ‹Ê∑§‚flÊ •Êÿʪ ∑§Ê ªΔUŸ Á∑§ÿÊ ªÿÊ–

~. ß‚Ÿ ¬„U‹Ë ’Ê⁄U ∑¥§º˝Ëÿ ’¡≈U ∑§Ê ⁄UÊÖÿÊ¥ ∑§ ’¡≈U ‚ •‹ª∑§⁄U ÁŒÿÊ •ÊÒ⁄U ⁄UÊÖÿ ÁflœÊŸ‚÷Ê•Ê¥ ∑§Ê •¬ŸÊ ’¡≈U Sflÿ¢’ŸÊŸ ∑§ Á‹∞ •Áœ∑Χà ∑§⁄U ÁŒÿÊ–

vÆ. ß‚∑§ •¥Ãª¸Ã ∞∑§ flÒœÊÁŸ∑§ •Êÿʪ ∑§Ê ªΔUŸ Á∑§ÿÊ ªÿÊ,Á¡‚∑§Ê ∑§Êÿ¸ Œ‚ fl·¸ ’ÊŒ ¡Ê¢ø ∑§⁄UŸ ∑§ ’ÊŒ •¬ŸËÁ⁄U¬Ê≈¸U ¬˝SÃÈà ∑§⁄UŸÊ ÕÊ–

‚Êß◊Ÿ •Êÿʪ

Á’˝Á≈U‡Ê ‚⁄U∑§Ê⁄U Ÿ Ÿfl¢’⁄U v~w| ◊¥ (ÿÊÁŸ ÁŸœÊ¸Á⁄Uà ‚◊ÿ ‚ ŒÊ fl·¸¬Ífl¸ „UË) Ÿ∞ ‚¢ÁflœÊŸ ◊¥ ÷Ê⁄Uà ∑§Ë ÁSÕÁà ∑§Ê ¬ÃÊ ‹ªÊŸ ∑§ Á‹∞‚⁄U ¡ÊÚŸ ‚Êß◊Ÿ ∑§ ŸÃÎàfl ◊¥ ‚Êà ‚ŒSÿËÿ flÒœÊÁŸ∑§ •Êÿʪ ∑§ªΔUŸ ∑§Ë ÉÊÊ·áÊÊ ∑§Ë– •Êÿʪ ∑§ ‚÷Ë ‚ŒSÿ Á’˝Á≈U‡Ê Õ, ß‚Á‹∞‚÷Ë Œ‹Ê¥ Ÿ ß‚∑§Ê ’Á„Uc∑§Ê⁄U Á∑§ÿÊ– •Êÿʪ Ÿ v~xÆ ◊¥ •¬ŸËÁ⁄U¬Ê≈¸U ¬‡Ê ∑§Ë ÃÕÊ mÒUäÊ ‡ÊÊ‚Ÿ ¬˝áÊÊ‹Ë, ⁄UÊÖÿÊ¥ ◊¥ ‚⁄U∑§Ê⁄UÊ¥ ∑§ÊÁflSÃÊ⁄U, Á’˝Á≈U‡Ê ÷Ê⁄Uà ∑§ ‚¢ÉÊ ∑§Ë SÕʬŸÊ ∞fl¥ ‚Ê¢¬˝ŒÊÁÿ∑§ ÁŸflʸøŸ√ÿflSÕÊ ∑§Ê ¡Ê⁄UË ⁄UπŸ •ÊÁŒ ∑§Ë Á‚»§ÊÁ⁄U‡Ê¥ ∑§Ë¥– •Êÿʪ ∑§ ¬˝SÃÊflÊ¥

¬⁄U ÁfløÊ⁄U ∑§⁄UŸ ∑§ Á‹∞ Á’˝Á≈U‡Ê ‚⁄U∑§Ê⁄U Ÿ Á’˝Á≈U‡Ê ‚⁄U∑§Ê⁄U, Á’˝Á≈U‡Ê÷Ê⁄Uà •ÊÒ⁄U ÷Ê⁄UÃËÿ Á⁄UÿÊ‚ÃÊ¥ ∑§ ¬˝ÁÃÁŸÁœÿÊ¥ ∑§ ‚ÊÕ ÃËŸ ªÊ‹◊¡‚ê◊‹Ÿ Á∑§∞– ߟ ‚ê◊‹ŸÊ¥ ◊¥ „ÈUÿË øøʸ ∑§ •ÊäÊÊ⁄U ¬⁄U,“‚¢flÒœÊÁŸ∑§ ‚ÈœÊ⁄UÊ¥ ¬⁄U ∞∑§ ‡flÃ-¬òÊ”U ÃÒÿÊ⁄U Á∑§ÿÊ ªÿÊ, Á¡‚ÁfløÊ⁄U ∑§ Á‹∞ Á’˝Á≈U‡Ê ‚¢‚Œ ∑§Ë ‚¢ÿÈÄà ¬˝fl⁄U ‚Á◊Áà ∑§ ‚◊ˇÊ⁄UπÊ ªÿÊ– ß‚ ‚Á◊Áà ∑§Ë Á‚»§ÊÁ⁄U‡ÊÊ¥ ∑§Ê (∑ȧ¿U ‚¥‡ÊÊäÊŸÊ¥ ∑§‚ÊÕ) ÷Ê⁄Uà ¬Á⁄U·Œ •ÁœÁŸÿ◊U, v~xz ◊¥ ‡ÊÊÁ◊‹ ∑§⁄U ÁŒÿÊ ªÿÊ–

‚Ê¢¬˝ŒÊÁÿ∑§ •flÊ«¸U

Á’˝Á≈U‡Ê ¬˝œÊŸ◊¢òÊË ⁄Ò◊¡ ◊Ò∑§«UÊŸÊÀ«U Ÿ •ªSà v~xw ◊¥•À¬‚¢Åÿ∑§Ê¥ ∑§ ¬˝ÁÃÁŸÁœàfl ¬⁄U ∞∑§ ÿÊ¡ŸÊ ∑§Ë ÉÊÊ·áÊÊ ∑§Ë– ß‚∑§êÿÈŸ‹ •flÊ«¸U ÿÊ ‚Ê¢¬˝ŒÊÁÿ∑§ •flÊ«¸U ∑§ ŸÊ◊ ‚ ¡ÊŸÊ ªÿÊ–•flÊ«¸U Ÿ Ÿ Á‚»¸§ ◊ÈÁS‹◊Ê¥, Á‚π, ߸‚Ê߸, ÿÍ⁄UÊÁ¬ÿŸÊ¥ •ÊÒ⁄U •Ê¢Ç‹-÷Ê⁄UÃËÿÊ¥ ∑§ Á‹∞ •‹ª ÁŸflȨ̂øŸ§ √ÿflSÕÊ ∑§Ê ÁflSÃÊ⁄U Á∑§ÿÊ ’ÁÀ∑§ß‚ ŒÁ‹ÃÊ¥ ∑§ Á‹∞ ÷Ë ÁflSÃÊÁ⁄Uà ∑§⁄U ÁŒÿÊ ªÿÊ– ŒÁ‹ÃÊ¥ ∑§ Á‹∞•‹ª ÁŸflʸøŸ √ÿflSÕÊ ‚ ªÊ¢œË ’„ÈUà √ÿÁÕà „ÈU∞ •ÊÒ⁄U ©Uã„UÊ¥Ÿ•flÊ«¸U ◊¥ ‚¢‡ÊÊœŸ ∑§ Á‹∞ ¬ÍŸÊ ∑§Ë ÿ⁄UflŒÊ ¡‹ ◊¥ •Ÿ‡ÊŸ ¬˝Ê⁄¢U÷∑§⁄U ÁŒÿÊ– •¢Ã× ∑§Ê¢ª˝‚ ŸÃÊ•Ê¥ •ÊÒ⁄U ŒÁ‹Ã ŸÃÊ•Ê¥ ∑§ ’Ëø ∞∑§‚◊¤ÊÊÒÃÊ „ÈU•Ê, Á¡‚ ¬ÍŸÊ ‚◊¤ÊÊÒà ∑§ ŸÊ◊ ‚ ¡ÊŸÊ ªÿÊ– ß‚◊¥‚¢ÿÈÄà Á„¢UŒÍ ÁŸflʸøŸ √ÿflSÕÊ ∑§Ê ’ŸÊ∞ ⁄UπÊ ªÿÊ •ÊÒ⁄U ŒÁ‹ÃÊ¥ ∑§Á‹∞ SÕÊŸ ÷Ë •Ê⁄UÁˇÊà ∑§⁄U ÁŒ∞ ª∞–

÷Ê⁄Uà ‡ÊÊ‚Ÿ •ÁœÁŸÿ◊, v~xz

ÿ„U •ÁœÁŸÿ◊U ÷Ê⁄Uà ◊¥ ¬Íáʸ ©UûÊ⁄UŒÊÿË ‚⁄U∑§Ê⁄U ∑§ ªΔUŸ ◊¥ ∞∑§ ◊Ë‹∑§Ê ¬àÕ⁄U ‚ÊÁ’à „ÈU•Ê– ÿ„U ∞∑§ ‹¢’Ê •ÊÒ⁄U ÁflSÃÎà ŒSÃÊfl¡ ÕÊ,Á¡‚◊¥ xwv œÊ⁄UÊ∞¢ •ÊÒ⁄U vÆ •ŸÈ‚ÍÁøÿÊ¢ ÕË¥–

•ÁœÁŸÿ◊ ∑§Ë Áfl‡Ê·ÃÊ∞¢

v. ß‚Ÿ •Áπ‹ ÷Ê⁄UÃËÿ ‚¢ÉÊ ∑§Ë SÕʬŸÊ ∑§Ë, Á¡‚◊¥ ⁄UÊÖÿ•ÊÒ⁄U Á⁄UÿÊ‚ÃÊ¥ ∑§Ê ∞∑§ ß∑§Ê߸ ∑§Ë Ã⁄U„U ◊ÊŸÊ ªÿÊ– •ÁœÁŸÿ◊Ÿ ∑¥§º˝ •ÊÒ⁄U ß∑§ÊßÿÊ¥ ∑§ ’Ëø ÃËŸ ‚ÍÁøÿÊ¥-‚¢ÉÊËÿ ‚ÍøË(z~ Áfl·ÿ), ⁄UÊíÿ ‚ÍøË (zy Áfl·ÿ) •ÊÒ⁄U ‚◊flÃ˸ ‚ÍøË(ŒÊŸÊ¥ ∑§ Á‹ÿ, x{ Áfl·ÿ) ∑§ •ÊäÊÊ⁄U ¬⁄U ‡ÊÁÄÃÿÊ¥ ∑§Ê’¢≈UflÊ⁄UÊ ∑§⁄U ÁŒÿÊ– •flÁ‡Êc≈U ‡ÊÁÄÃÿÊ¢ flÊÿ‚⁄UÊÿ ∑§Ê Œ ŒËªßZ– „UÊ‹Ê¢Á∑§ ÿ„U ‚¢ÉÊËÿ √ÿflSÕÊ ∑§÷Ë •ÁSÃàfl ◊¥ Ÿ„UË¥•Ê߸ ÄÿÊ¥Á∑§ Œ‚Ë Á⁄UÿÊ‚ÃÊ¥ Ÿ ßU‚◊¥ ‡ÊÊÁ◊‹ „UÊŸ ‚ ߟ∑§Ê⁄U∑§⁄U ÁŒÿÊ ÕÊ–

1.8 Hkkjr dh jktO;oLFkk

w. ß‚Ÿ ¬˝Ê¢ÃÊ¥ ◊¥ mÒœ ‡ÊÊ‚Ÿ √ÿflSÕÊ ‚◊Êåà ∑§⁄U ŒË ÃÕÊ ¬˝Ê¥ÃËÿSflÊÿûÊÃÊ ∑§Ê ‡ÊÈ÷Ê⁄¥U÷ Á∑§ÿÊ– ⁄UÊÖÿÊ¥ ∑§Ê •¬Ÿ ŒÊÿ⁄U ◊¥ ⁄U„∑§⁄U SflÊÿûÊ Ã⁄UË∑§ ‚ ÃËŸ ¬ÎÕ∑˜§ ̌ ÊòÊÊ¥ ◊¥ ‡ÊÊ‚Ÿ ∑§Ê •Áœ∑§Ê⁄UÁŒÿÊ ªÿÊ– ß‚∑§ •ÁÃÁ⁄UÄà •ÁœÁŸÿ◊U Ÿ ⁄UÊÖÿÊ¥ ◊¥ ©ûÊ⁄UŒÊÿËU‚⁄U∑§Ê⁄U ∑§Ë SÕʬŸÊ ∑§Ë– ÿÊÁŸ ªflŸ¸⁄U ∑§Ê ⁄UÊÖÿ ÁflœÊŸ¬Á⁄U·ŒÊ¥ ∑§ Á‹∞ ©UûÊ⁄UŒÊÿË ◊¢ÁòÊÿÊ¥ ∑§Ë ‚‹Ê„U ¬⁄U ∑§Ê◊ ∑§⁄UŸÊ•Êfl‡ÿ∑§ ÕÊ– ÿ„U √ÿflSÕÊ v~x| ◊¥ ‡ÊÈM§ ∑§Ë ªß¸ •ÊÒ⁄U v~x~◊¥ ß‚ ‚◊Êåà ∑§⁄U ÁŒÿÊ ªÿÊ–

x. ß‚Ÿ ∑¥§º˝ ◊¥ mÒœ ‡ÊÊ‚Ÿ ¬˝áÊÊ‹Ë ∑§Ê ‡ÊÈ÷Ê⁄¢U÷ Á∑§ÿÊ–¬Á⁄UáÊÊ◊× ‚¢ÉÊËÿ Áfl·ÿÊ¥ ∑§Ê SÕÊŸÊ¢ÃÁ⁄Uà •ÊÒ⁄U •Ê⁄UÁˇÊÃÁfl·ÿÊ¥ ◊¥ Áfl÷Äà ∑§⁄UŸÊ ¬«∏UÊ– „UÊ‹Ê¢Á∑§ ÿ„U ¬˝ÊflœÊŸ ∑§÷Ë‹ÊªÍ Ÿ„UË¥ „UÊ ‚∑§Ê–

y. ß‚Ÿ vv ⁄UÊÖÿÊ¥ ◊¥ ‚ ¿U„U ◊¥ Ám‚ŒŸËÿ √ÿflSÕÊ ¬˝Ê⁄¥U÷ ∑§Ë–ß‚ ¬˝∑§Ê⁄U, ’¢ªÊ‹, ’¢’߸, ◊º˝Ê‚, Á’„UÊ⁄U, ‚¢ÿÈÄà ¬˝Ê¢Ã •ÊÒ⁄U•‚◊ ◊¥ Ám‚ŒŸËÿ ÁflœÊŸ ¬Á⁄U·Œ˜ •ÊÒ⁄U ÁfläÊÊŸ‚÷Ê ’ŸªßZ– „UÊ‹Ê¢Á∑§ ߟ ¬⁄U ∑§ß¸U ¬˝∑§Ê⁄U ∑§ ¬˝ÁÃ’¢œ Õ–

z. ß‚Ÿ ŒÁ‹Ã ¡ÊÁÃÿÊ¥, ◊Á„U‹Ê•Ê¥ •ÊÒ⁄U ◊¡ŒÍ⁄U flª¸ ∑§ Á‹∞•‹ª ‚ ÁŸflʸøŸ ∑§Ë √ÿflSÕÊ ∑§⁄U ‚Ê¢¬˝ŒÊÁÿ∑§ ¬˝ÁÃÁŸÁœàfl√ÿflSÕÊ ∑§Ê ÁflSÃÊ⁄U Á∑§ÿÊ–

{. ß‚Ÿ ÷Ê⁄Uà ‡ÊÊ‚Ÿ •ÁœÁŸÿ◊, v}z} mÊ⁄UÊ SÕÊÁ¬Ã ÷Ê⁄UìÁ⁄U·Œ ∑§Ê ‚◊Êåà ∑§⁄U ÁŒÿÊ– ߢNjҥ«U ◊¥ ÷Ê⁄Uà ‚Áøfl ∑§Ê‚‹Ê„U∑§Ê⁄UÊ¥ ∑§Ë ≈UË◊ Á◊‹ ªß¸–

|. ß‚Ÿ ◊ÃÊÁœ∑§Ê⁄U ∑§Ê ÁflSÃÊ⁄U Á∑§ÿÊ– ‹ª÷ª Œ‚ ¬˝ÁÇÊែ¢ÅÿÊ ∑§Ê ◊à ∑§Ê •Áœ∑§Ê⁄U Á◊‹ ªÿÊ–

}. ßU‚∑§ •¥Ãª¸Ã Œ‡Ê ∑§Ë ◊Ⱥ˝Ê •ÊÒ⁄U ‚Êπ ¬⁄U ÁŸÿ¥òÊáÊ ∑§ Á‹ÿ÷Ê⁄UÃËÿ Á⁄U¡fl¸ ’Ò¥∑§ ∑§Ë SÕʬŸÊ ∑§Ë ªß¸–

~. ß‚Ÿ Ÿ ∑§fl‹ ‚¢ÉÊËÿ ‹Ê∑§ ‚flÊ •Êÿʪ ∑§Ë SÕʬŸÊ ∑§Ë’ÁÀ∑§ ¬˝Ê¥ÃËÿ ‚flÊ •Êÿʪ •ÊÒ⁄U ŒÊ ÿÊ •ÁäÊ∑§U ⁄UÊÖÿÊ¥ ∑§Á‹∞ ‚¢ÿÈÄà ‚flÊ •Êÿʪ ∑§Ë SÕʬŸÊ ÷Ë ∑§Ë–

vÆ. ß‚∑§ ÄUà v~x| ◊¥ ‚¢ÉÊËÿ ãÿÊÿÊ‹ÿ ∑§Ë SÕʬŸÊ „ÈU߸–

÷Ê⁄UÃËÿ SflâòÊÃÊ •ÁœÁŸÿ◊, v~y|

wÆ »§⁄Ufl⁄UË, v~y| ∑§Ê Á’˝Á≈U‡Ê ¬˝œÊŸ◊¢òÊË Ä‹Ë◊¥≈U ∞≈U‹Ë Ÿ ÉÊÊ·áÊÊ∑§Ë Á∑§ xÆ ¡ÍŸ, v~y| ∑§Ê ÷Ê⁄Uà ◊¥ Á’˝Á≈U‡Ê ‡ÊÊ‚Ÿ ‚◊Êåà „UÊ¡Ê∞ªÊ– ß‚∑§ ’ÊŒ ‚ûÊÊ ©UûÊ⁄UŒÊÿË ÷Ê⁄UÃËÿ „UÊÕÊ¥ ◊¥ ‚ÊÒ¥¬ ŒË ¡Ê∞ªË–ß‚ ÉÊÊ·áÊÊ ¬⁄U ◊ÈÁS‹◊ ‹Ëª Ÿ •Ê¢ŒÊ‹Ÿ Á∑§ÿÊ •ÊÒ⁄U ÷Ê⁄Uà ∑§Áfl÷Ê¡Ÿ ∑§Ë ’Êà ∑§„UË– x ¡ÍŸ, v~y| ∑§Ê Á’˝Á≈U‡Ê ‚⁄U∑§Ê⁄U Ÿ Á»§⁄U

S¬c≈U Á∑§ÿÊ Á∑§ v~y{ ◊¥ ªÁΔUà ‚¢ÁflœÊŸ ‚÷Ê mÊ⁄UÊ ’ŸÊÿÊ ªÿÊ‚¢ÁflœÊŸ ©UŸ ̌ ÊòÊÊ¥ ◊¥ ‹ÊªÍ Ÿ„UË¥ „UʪÊ, ¡Ê ß‚ SflË∑§Ê⁄U Ÿ„UË¥ ∑§⁄¥Uª–©U‚Ë ÁŒŸ x ¡ÍŸ, v~y| ∑§Ê flÊÿ‚⁄UÊÿ ‹ÊÚ«¸U ◊Ê©¢U≈U’≈UŸ Ÿ Áfl÷Ê¡Ÿ∑§Ë ÿÊ¡ŸÊ ¬‡Ê ∑§Ë, Á¡‚ ◊Ê©¢U≈U’≈Ÿ ÿÊ¡ŸÊ ∑§„UÊ ªÿÊ– ß‚ÿÊ¡ŸÊ ∑§Ê ∑§Ê¢ª˝‚ •ÊÒ⁄U ◊ÈÁS‹◊ ‹Ëª Ÿ SflË∑§Ê⁄U ∑§⁄U Á‹ÿÊ– ß‚¬˝∑§Ê⁄U ÷Ê⁄UÃËÿ SflâòÊÃÊ •ÁœÁŸÿ◊, v~y|~ ’ŸÊ∑§⁄U ©U‚ ‹ÊªÍ ∑§⁄UÁŒÿÊ ªÿÊ–

•ÁœÁŸÿ◊U ∑§Ë Áfl‡Ê·ÃÊ∞¢

v. ß‚Ÿ ÷Ê⁄Uà ◊¥ Á’˝Á≈U‡Ê ⁄UÊ¡ ‚◊Êåà ∑§⁄U vz •ªSÃ, v~y|∑§Ê ß‚ SflâòÊ •ÊÒ⁄U ‚¢¬˝÷È ⁄UÊc≈U˛ ÉÊÊÁ·Ã ∑§⁄U ÁŒÿÊ–

w. ß‚Ÿ ÷Ê⁄Uà ∑§Ê Áfl÷Ê¡Ÿ ∑§⁄U ŒÊ SflÃãòÊ «UÊÁ◊ŸÿŸÊ¥-‚¢¬˝÷È⁄UÊc≈˛U ÷Ê⁄Uà •ÊÒ⁄U ¬ÊÁ∑§SÃÊŸ ∑§Ê ‚ΡŸ Á∑§ÿÊ, Á¡ã„¥U Á’˝Á≈U‡Ê⁄UÊc≈˛U◊¢«U‹ ‚ •‹ª „UÊŸ ∑§Ë SflâòÊÃÊ ÕË–

x. ß‚Ÿ flÊÿ‚⁄UÊÿ ∑§Ê ¬Œ ‚◊Êåà ∑§⁄U ÁŒÿÊ •ÊÒ⁄U ©U‚∑§ SÕÊŸ¬⁄U ŒÊŸÊ¥ «UÊÁ◊ŸÿŸ ⁄UÊíÿÊ¥ ◊¥ ªflŸ¸⁄U-¡Ÿ⁄U‹ ¬Œ ∑§Ê ‚ΡŸÁ∑§ÿÊ, Á¡‚∑§Ë ÁŸÿÈÁÄà Ÿ∞ ⁄UÊc≈˛U ∑§Ë ∑Ò§Á’Ÿ≈U ∑§Ë Á‚»§ÊÁ⁄U‡Ê¬⁄U Á’˝≈UŸ ∑§ ÃÊ¡ ∑§Ê ∑§⁄UŸË ÕÊ– ߟ ¬⁄U Á’˝≈UŸ ∑§Ë ‚⁄U∑§Ê⁄U∑§Ê ∑§Ê߸ ÁŸÿ¢òÊáÊ Ÿ„UË¥ „UÊŸÊ ÕÊ–

y. ß‚Ÿ ŒÊŸÊ¥ «UÊÁ◊ÁŸÿŸ ⁄UÊíÿÊ¥ ‚¢ÁflœÊŸ ‚÷Ê•Ê¥ ∑§Ê •¬ŸŒ‡ÊÊ¥ ∑§Ê ‚¢ÁflœÊŸ ’ŸÊŸ •ÊÒ⁄U ©U‚∑§ Á‹∞ Á∑§‚Ë ÷Ë Œ‡Ê ∑§‚¢ÁflœÊŸ ∑§Ê •¬ŸÊŸ ∑§Ë ‡ÊÁÄà ŒË– ‚÷Ê•Ê¥ ∑§Ê ÿ„U ÷ˇÊÁÄà ÕË Á∑§ fl Á∑§‚Ë ÷Ë Á’˝Á≈U‡Ê ∑§ÊŸÍŸ ∑§Ê ‚◊Êåà ∑§⁄UŸ∑§ Á‹∞ ∑§ÊŸÍŸ ’ŸÊ ‚∑§ÃË ÕË¥, ÿ„UÊ¢ Ã∑§ Á∑§ ©Uã„¥U SflâòÊÃÊ•ÁœÁŸÿ◊ ∑§Ê ÷Ë ÁŸ⁄USà ∑§⁄UŸ ∑§Ê •Áœ∑§Ê⁄U ÕÊ–

z. ßU‚Ÿ ŒÊŸÊ¥ «UÊÁ◊ŸÿŸ ⁄UÊíÿÊ¥ ∑§Ë ‚¥ÁfläÊÊŸ ‚÷Ê•Ê¥ ∑§Ê ÿ„U ‡ÊÁÄì˝ŒÊŸ ∑§Ë Á∑§ fl Ÿ∞ ‚¥ÁfläÊÊŸ ∑§Ê ÁŸ◊ʸáÊ ∞fl¥ ∑§ÊÿʸÁãflà „UÊŸÃ∑§ •¬Ÿ-•¬Ÿ ‚ê’ÁãäÊà ˇÊòÊÊ¥ ∑§ Á‹∞ ÁfläÊÊŸ‚÷Ê ’ŸÊ‚∑§ÃË ÕË¥– vz •ªSÃ, v~y| ∑§ ’ÊŒ Á’̋Á≈U‡Ê ‚¢‚Œ ◊¥ ¬ÊÁ⁄UÄÈU•Ê ∑§Êß̧U ÷Ë •ÁäÊÁŸÿ◊ ŒÊŸÊ¥ «UÊÁ◊ŸÿŸÊ¥ ¬⁄U Ã’ Ã∑§ ‹ÊªÍŸ„UË¥ „UʪÊ, ¡’ Ã∑§ Á∑§ ŒÊŸÊ¥ «UÊÁ◊ÁŸÿŸ ß‚ ∑§ÊŸÍŸ ∑§Ê ◊ÊŸŸ∑§ Á‹∞ ∑§ÊŸÍŸ Ÿ„UË¥ ’ŸÊ ‹¥ª–

{. ß‚ ∑§ÊŸÍŸ Ÿ Á’˝≈UŸ ◊¥ ÷Ê⁄Uà ‚Áøfl ∑§Ê ¬Œ ‚◊Êåà ∑§⁄UÁŒÿÊ– ß‚∑§Ë ‚÷Ë ‡ÊÁÄÃÿÊ¢ ⁄UÊc≈˛U◊¢«U‹ ◊Ê◊‹Ê¥ ∑§ ⁄UÊÖÿ‚Áøfl ∑§Ê SÕÊŸÊ¢ÃÁ⁄Uà ∑§⁄U ŒË ªßZ–

|. ß‚Ÿ vz •ªSÃ, v~y| ‚ ÷Ê⁄UÃËÿ Á⁄UÿÊ‚ÃÊ¥ ¬⁄U Á’˝Á≈U‡Ê‚¢¬˝÷ÈÃÊ ∑§Ë ‚◊ÊÁåà ∑§Ë ÷Ë ÉÊÊ·áÊÊ ∑§Ë– ß‚∑§ ‚ÊÕ „UË

,sfrgkfld i`"BHkwfe 1.9

rkfydk 1-1 varfje ljdkj (1946)Ø- lnL; /kfjr foHkkx1- tokgjyky usg: jk"VªeaMy laca/ rFkk fons'kh ekeys2- ljnkj oYyHkHkkbZ iVsy x`g] lwpuk ,oa izlkj.k3- MkW- jktsanz izlkn [kk| ,oa Ñf"k4- tkWu eFkkbZ m|ksx ,oa ukxfjd vkiwfrZ5- txthou jke Je6- ljnkj cynso flag j{kk7- lh-,p-HkkHkk dk;Z] [kku ,oa mQtkZ8- fy;kdr vyh [kka foÙk9- vCnqj&jc&fu'rkj Mkd ,oa ok;q10- vkliQ vyh jsyos ,oa ifjogu11- lh- jktxksikykpkjh f'k{kk ,oa dyk12- vkbZ- vkbZ- pqanjhxj okf.kT;13- xtuiQj vyh [kku LokLF;14- tksxsanz ukFk eaMy fof/

uksV% varfje ljdkj ds lnL; ok;ljk; dh dk;Zdkjh ifj"kn ds lnL; FksA ok;ljk; ifj"kn dk izeq[k cuk jgk] ysfdu tokgjykyusg: dks ifj"kn dk mikè;{k cuk;k x;kA

rkfydk 1-2 Lora=k Hkkjr dk igyk eaf=keaMy (1947)Ø- lnL; /kfjr foHkkx1- tokgjyky usg: iz/kuea=kh_ jk"VªeaMy rFkk fons'kh ekeys_ oSKkfud 'kks/2- ljnkj oYyHkHkkbZ iVsy x`g] lwpuk ,oa izlkj.k] jkT;ksa ds ekeys3- MkW- jktsanz izlkn [kk| ,oa Ñf"k4- ekSykuk vcqy dyke vktkn f'k{kk5- MkW- tkWu eFkkbZ jsyos ,oa ifjogu6- vkj-ds- "k.keqxe 'ksV~Vh foÙk7- MkW- ch-vkj- vacsMdj fof/8- txthou jke Je9- ljnkj cynso flag j{kk10- jktdqekjh ve`r dkSj LokLF;11- lh-,p- HkkHkk okf.kT;12- jiQh vgen fdnobZ lapkj13- MkW- ';kek izlkn eq[kthZ m|ksx ,oa vkiwfrZ14- oh-,u- xkMfxy dk;Z] [kku ,oa mQtkZ

•ÊÁŒflÊ‚Ë ˇÊòÊ ‚◊¤ÊÊÒÃÊ ‚¢’¢œÊ¥ ¬⁄U ÷Ë Á’˝Á≈U‡Ê „USÃˇÊ¬‚◊Êåà „UÊ ªÿÊ–

}. ß‚Ÿ ÷Ê⁄UÃËÿ Á⁄UÿÊ‚ÃÊ¥ ∑§Ê ÿ„U SflâòÊÃÊ ŒË Á∑§ fl øÊ„¥U ÃÊ÷Ê⁄Uà «UÊÁ◊ÁŸÿŸ ÿÊ ¬ÊÁ∑§SÃÊŸ «UÊÁ◊ÁŸÿŸ ∑§ ‚ÊÕ Á◊‹

‚∑§ÃË „Ò¥U ÿÊ SflâòÊ ⁄U„U ‚∑§ÃË „Ò¥U–

~. ß‚ •ÁäÊÁŸÿ◊ Ÿ ŸÿÊ ‚¢ÁflœÊŸ ’ŸŸ Ã∑§ ¬̋àÿ∑§ «UÊÁ◊ÁŸÿŸ◊¥ ‡ÊÊ‚Ÿ ‚¢øÊÁ‹Ã ∑§⁄UŸ ∞fl¢U ÷Ê⁄Uà ‡ÊÊ‚Ÿ •ÁœÁŸÿ◊,v~xz ∑§ ÄUà ©UŸ∑§Ë ¬˝Ê¢ÃËÿ ‚÷Ê•Ê¥ ◊¥ ‚⁄U∑§Ê⁄U ø‹ÊŸ ∑§Ë

1.10 Hkkjr dh jktO;oLFkk

√ÿflSÕÊ ∑§Ë– „UÊ‹Ê¢Á∑§ ŒÊŸÊ¥ «UÊÁ◊ÁŸÿŸ ⁄UÊíÿÊ¥ ∑§Ê ß‚ ∑§ÊŸÍŸ◊¥ ‚ÈœÊ⁄U ∑§⁄UŸ ∑§Ê •Áœ∑§Ê⁄U ÕÊ–

vÆ. ß‚Ÿ Á’˝Á≈U‡Ê ‡ÊÊ‚∑§ ∑§Ê Áflœÿ∑§Ê¥ ¬⁄U ◊ÃÊÁœ∑§Ê⁄U •ÊÒ⁄U©Uã„¥U SflË∑Χà ∑§⁄UŸ ∑§ •Áœ∑§Ê⁄U ‚ fl¢Áøà ∑§⁄U ÁŒÿÊ– ‹Á∑§ŸÁ’˝Á≈U‡Ê ‡ÊÊ‚∑§ ∑§ ŸÊ◊ ¬⁄U ªflŸ¸⁄U ¡Ÿ⁄U‹ ∑§Ê Á∑§‚Ë ÷ËÁflœÿ∑§ ∑§Ê SflË∑§Ê⁄U ∑§⁄UŸ ∑§Ê •Áœ∑§Ê⁄U ¬˝Êåà ÕÊ–

vv. ß‚∑§ •¥Ãª¸Ã ÷Ê⁄Uà ∑§ ªflŸ¸⁄U ¡Ÿ⁄U‹ ∞fl¢ ¬˝Ê¢ÃËÿ ªflŸ¸⁄UÊ¥∑§Ê ⁄UÊÖÿÊ¥ ∑§Ê ‚¢flÒœÊÁŸ∑§ ¬˝◊Èπ ÁŸÿÈÄà Á∑§ÿÊ ªÿÊ– ßã„¥U‚÷Ë ◊Ê◊‹Ê¥ ¬⁄U ⁄UÊÖÿÊ¥ ∑§Ë ◊¢ÁòʬÁ⁄U·Œ˜ ∑§ ¬⁄UÊ◊‡Ê¸U ¬⁄U ∑§Êÿ¸∑§⁄UŸÊ „UÊÃÊ ÕÊ–

vw. ßU‚Ÿ ‡ÊÊ„UË ©U¬ÊÁœ ‚ “÷Ê⁄Uà ∑§Ê ‚◊˝Ê≈U” ‡ÊéŒ ‚◊Êåà ∑§⁄UÁŒÿÊ–

vx. ß‚Ÿ ÷Ê⁄Uà ∑§ ⁄UÊÖÿ ‚Áøfl mÊ⁄UÊ Á‚Áfl‹ ‚flÊ ◊¥ ÁŸÿÈÁÄÃÿÊ¢�