iasi measurements of short-lived species · molecules cm-2 molecules cm-2 molecules cm-2 total...

P.F. Coheur. 4th Hyperspectral Meeting, Darmstadt, September 2008

IASI measurements of short-lived species

Spectroscopie de l’Atmosphère, Chimie Quantique et Photophysique,Université Libre de Bruxelles, Belgique

Service d'Aéronomie / CNRS,IPSL, Université Paris 6Paris, France

Cathy Clerbaux, Solène Turquety, Juliette Hadji-Lazaro

Pierre Coheur, Lieven Clarisse, Daniel Hurtmans, Catherine Wespes

IASI- Instrument and status- Measurements and products- Measuring short-lived species: 4 examples

HNO3Trace species in biomass burning plumesSO2/Aerosols in volcanic plumesDust storms

NH3 C2H4 CH3OH


MetOp

• Spectral coverage = 645-2760 cm-1

• Spectral resolution = 0.5 cm-1

• Radiometric noise ~ <0.1-0.2 K

MetOP

IASI instrument and status

• 12 km pixel x 4 @ nadir• 120 spectra along the swath (±48.3° Scan

2400 km), each 50 km along the trace

IASINadir looking FTS IASI

MetOp: First European meteorological platform on polar orbit (EPS system)

Broad spectral coverage without gaps

Medium spectral resolutionExcellent radiometric performances

Small ground pixel size

Global coverage twice daily (1.3×106 spectra). Morning and evening orbits

Jun. 4, 2007 L1C Operational disseminationSep. 27, 2007 L2 (P, T, clouds) operational disseminationMar. 1, 2008 L2 (trace gases) operational dissemination


800 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800 2000 2200 2400 26000.0

2.0x10-6

4.0x10-6

6.0x10-6

8.0x10-6

1.0x10-5

1.2x10-5

1.4x10-5

CH4

HODH2

16O

H218O

H216O, HOD

N2O, CH4

O3

HNO3CFC11, CFC12

CO

CO2, N2O

Rad

ianc

e (W

/ cm

2 sr c

m-1)

Wavenumber (cm-1)

CO2

Ts=275 K

SA/CNRS – ULB

Thermal + reflected solar radiation (daytime)

IASI radiance spectrum

800 1200 1600 2000 2400

100n

1µ

10µ

Rad

ianc

e R

MS

Noi

se [W

/...]

Wavenumber [cm-1]

SVD-2700 Pre Flight Estimation Pre Flight Estimation / 2

Measurements and Products

Pre-flight estimation

Pre-flight estimation / 2

On flight

Noise estimation


0.0

0.5

1.0

0.0

0.5

1.0

0.0

0.5

1.0

800 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800 2000 2200 2400 2600

0.96

0.98

1.00

Tra

nsm

ittan

ce

H218O HDO

H216O

Nor

mal

ized

ra

dian

ce

IASI

CON2O

O3

CH4CO2

Wavenumber (cm-1)

Measurements and Products

CFCs

Short-lived species (days/weeks)and aerosols

Long-lived species (years)Climate

+ CO, O3 (months)Chemistry (C. Clerbaux tuesday)

Inter hemispheric mixing: ~1 year

hemispheric mixing: ~1-2 months

PBL mixing: ~few hours

CO2


0.0

0.5

1.0

0.0

0.5

1.0

0.0

0.5

1.0

800 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800 2000 2200 2400 2600

0.96

0.98

1.00

Tra

nsm

ittan

ce

H218O HDO

H216O

Nor

mal

ized

ra

dian

ce

IASI

CON2O

O3

CH4CO2

Wavenumber (cm-1)

ULB – SA/CNRS

Nitric acid Trace species in biomass burning plumes

SO2/aerosols in volcanic plumes

Dust storms

IASI measurements of short-lived

species

http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/Newsroom/NewImages/Images/nafrica_amo_2006054_lrg.jpg


HNO3

800 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800 2000 2200 2400 2600

Wavenumber (cm-1)

HNO3

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2

35 - 40 km 30 - 35 km 25 - 30 km 20 - 25 km 15 - 20 km 10 - 15 km 5 - 10 km 2 - 5 km 0 - 2 km

Averaging kernel

Alti

tude

[km

]

Total column

Profile/Column retrievals based on the Optimal Estimation Theory; NRT processing

860 900 cm-1

For HNO3, total column mostly relevant

860 870 880 890 900-1.0x10-7

0.0

1.0x10-7

5.6x10-6

6.0x10-6

6.4x10-6

Residual

fitted

HNO3

Wavenumber (cm-1)

Rad

ianc

e (W

/ cm

2 sr c

m-1)

Observed


HNO3

Total columnsWeakly average, July 2008

[HN

O3]

tota

l col

umn

[O3] total column

Latitude

d[HNO3]/d[O3] = 4.4 10-3


HNO3

Total columns

Polar enhancements Autumn to spring

PSCs formation / denitrificationduring Antarctic polar night

March 1st April 1st May 1st June 1st July 1st July 17

Preliminary time series


HNO3

Total columnsPreliminary time series

ULB – SA/CNRS

May June July August

HNO3 total column / Weakly average


HNO3

Towards tropospheric columns ….

3 3 3 (215 2 )[ ] [ ] [ ]IASI MLStropo total strato hPaHNO HNO HNO →= −

March 1st April 1st May 1st June 1st July 1st August 1st Sept. 1st

Anthropogenic emissions?

June 25th August 1st Sept. 1st

GOME-2 TROP. NO2IASI TROP. HNO3


0.0

0.5

1.0

0.0

0.5

1.0

0.0

0.5

1.0

800 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800 2000 2200 2400 2600

0.96

0.98

1.00

Tra

nsm

ittan

ce

H218O HDO

H216O

Nor

mal

ized

ra

dian

ce

IASI

CON2O

O3

CH4CO2

Wavenumber (cm-1)

ULB – SA/CNRS



Dust storms


species



Fire plumes

Countries most affected: Greece: 270 563 ha; Italy: 153 884 ha; Albania: 127 880 ha; Bulgaria: 67 747 ha; Spain: 55956 ha

868 252 ha burned in 14 countries (EFFIS/JRC)

Burnt areas

Fires in Southern Europe in Summer 2007


Fire plumes

Plume composition

Ammonia (NH3) Ethene (C2H4) and methanol (CH3OH)

Fires in Southern Europe in Summer 2007CO


Fire plumesFires in Southern Europe in Summer 2007

Total column retrievals for August 25

NH3

C2H4

CH3OHmolecules cm-2

molecules cm-2

molecules cm-2

Total emitted mass:NH3 = 40 kTonsC2H4 = 6.5 kTonsCH3OH = 7 kTons

Chemistry in the fire

plume

Atmospheric budgets

0.0 5.0x1017 1.0x1018 1.5x1018 2.0x1018

0.0

5.0x1016

1.0x1017

1.5x1017

2.0x1017

2.5x1017

Plume composition

R2 = 0.87

[C2H4]=7.42 1015+ 0.14 [NH3]C2H4

[X] (

mol

ecul

es c

m-2)

[NH3] (molecules cm-2)

CH3OH

[CH3OH]=1.08 1016+ 0.07 [NH3]

R2 = 0.83


Fire plumesFires in Boreal regions in Spring/Summer 2008

April/May 2008: Russia worst forest fires in 30 years

MODIS fire counts (red dots) for April 18, 2008

IASI short-lived species in the fire plume 240

260

280

800 850 900 950 1000 1050 1100 1150

0

5

BT

(K)

ΔB

T (K

)

Wavenumber (cm-1)

240

260

280

800 850 900 950 1000 1050 1100 1150-10

-5

0

BT (K

)ΔB

T (K

)

Wavenumber (cm-1)

NH3

AM PM


0.0

0.5

1.0

0.0

0.5

1.0

0.0

0.5

1.0

800 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800 2000 2200 2400 2600

0.96

0.98

1.00

Tra

nsm

ittan

ce

H218O HDO

H216O

Nor

mal

ized

ra

dian

ce

IASI

CON2O

O3

CH4CO2

Wavenumber (cm-1)

ULB – SA/CNRS



Dust storms


species



Volcano plumes

1000 1100 1200 1300 1400

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0

200

220

240

260

280

300

Wavenumber (cm-1)

35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

-45 -40 -35 -30 -25 -20 -15 -10 -5

Inside of plume

Outside of plume

SO2-ν1 SO2-ν3

Sensitive –highly– to high altitude plumes only Use for aerial securityVertical profile retrievals with 3 km height-resolution

Sensitive to high and low altitude plumes

Jebel-at-Tair

30/09/2007 18:48

Plume composition SO2L. Clarisse, ACPD, 2008


Volcano plumes

700 800 900 1000 1100 1200 13000.8

1.0

200

220

240

260

280

300

Tran

smitt

ance

Wavenumber (cm-1)

Brig

htne

ss te

mpe

ratu

re (K

)

35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

-45 -40 -35 -30 -25 -20 -15 -10 -5

Jebel-at-Tair

30/09/2007 18:48

Plume composition Aerosols

800 900 1000 1100 1200 1300

0.6

0.7

0.8

0.9

1.0

1.1

1.2

Tran

smitt

ance

Wavenumber (cm-1)

ICE

ASH SO2

Ash

AVHRR

Jebel-at-TairSept./Oct. 2007

Chaiten, ChileMay 2008

L. Clarisse, ACPD, 2008


Volcano plumes

Jebel-at-Tair, September 2007Tracking SO2 plumes

ECMWF wind fields at 100 hPa

September 30 October 11

L. Clarisse, ACPD, 2008


Volcano plumes

Etna (Sicily), July 2008Tracking SO2 plumes

GOME-2

May 10 May 12, 2008

IASI


Volcano plumes

Etna (Sicily), May 2008Tracking SO2 plumes

± 3 hours

One day

IASI

July 10, 8 PM July 11, 0 AM

July 11, 9 AM July 11, 12 AM

July 11, 6 PM July 11, 9 PM

July 12, 6 AM July 12, 9 AM

AIRSBenefit of different platforms


Volcano plumes

Kilauea (Hawaii), May 2008Tracking SO2 plumes from degassing volcanoes

Use of SO2 ν1 to increase sensitivity to the surface (<5 km)Sensitivity down to less than 1 DU


0.0

0.5

1.0

0.0

0.5

1.0

0.0

0.5

1.0

800 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800 2000 2200 2400 2600

0.96

0.98

1.00

Tra

nsm

ittan

ce

H218O HDO

H216O

Nor

mal

ized

ra

dian

ce

IASI

CON2O

O3

CH4CO2

Wavenumber (cm-1)

ULB – SA/CNRS



Dust storms


species



Broadband extinction from 800 to 1200 cm-1

Sharp spectral feature between 850 and 900 cm-1

Computation of ΔBT= BT(•)-[BT(•)+BT(•)]/2

IASI observation on March 3, PMΔB

T (K)= B

T(•)-[BT(•)+B

T(•)]/2

Middle East, March 2008

Dust plumes

Calcite


MODIS

March 3

March 4

IASI

March 3, PM

March 4, AM

ΔBT (K

)= BT(•)-[B

T(•)+BT(•)]/2

ΔBT (K

)= BT(•)-[B

T(•)+BT(•)]/2

Middle East, March 2008

Dust plumes


China, May 2008

Dust plumes

80 90 100 110 120 130 14035

40

45

50

55

-10

-9

-8

-7

-6

-5

-4

-3

-2

-1

Dust storm

800 900 1000 1100 1200

240

250

260

270

280

Brig

htne

ss te

mpe

ratu

re (Δ

T)

Wavenumber (cm-1)Sand storm in China (May 27, 2008)

AVHRR IASI

Beijing

(L. Clarisse)


Conclusions

Small pixel sizeGlobal Earth’s coverage twice dailyWide spectral coverageLow radiometric noise

NRT-identification and tracking of pollution

plumes

Nominal operations since May 200710 15 species are monitored with applications in•Climate (H2O and isotopologues, CO2, CH4, N2O)•Ozone chemistry in the stratosphere (O3, CFCs, HNO3) • Tropospheric chemistry (O3, CO, CH4, HNO3, VOCs) including chemistry

and budgets for short-lived species (NH3, VOCs) and aerosols•Operational monitoring (fires, volcanoes, dust storms…)

IASI is doing great!


Okmok

July 12 July 23, 2008

Kasatochi plume still to be seen, more than a month after the eruption

July 2008 eruptions in Alaska

iasi measurements of short-lived species · molecules cm-2 molecules cm-2 molecules cm-2 total...

Documents