IAVCEI-­‐IACS  Commission  on  Volcano–Ice  Interactions  

Issue  5,  2013–2014  

 

Leadership  

2013  

• Chair     Tracy  Gregg  (Univ.  of  Buffalo)  • Vice-­‐Chair     Lucia  Capra  (UNAM,  Mexico)  • Secretary     Dave  McGarvie  (Univ.  of  Lancaster,  UK)  • Ex-­‐Officio  Chair   Hugh  Tuffen  (Univ.  of  Lancaster  UK)  

 

2014  

• Chair     Lucia  Capra  (UNAM,  Mexico)  • Vice-­‐Chair     Dave  McGarvie  (Univ.  of  Lancaster,  UK)  • Secretary     Christopher  Hamilton  (Univ.  of  Arizona)  • Ex-­‐Officio  Chair   Tracy  Gregg  (Univ.  of  Buffalo)  

 

Advisory  Committee:  Ben  Edwards  (Dickinson  College),  C.  Waythomas  (USGS),  Andres  Rivera  (Centro  de  Estudios  Cienticos),  John  Smellie  (Univ.  Of  Leicester),  Sarah  Fagents  (Univ.  Of  Hawaii),  and  Magnus  Gudmundsson  (University  of  Iceland).    

As  of  2014,  the  member  list  of  the  Commission  contains  close  to  100  experts  from  different  interdisciplinary  fields  of  research  related  to  the  areas  of  the  Commission.    

 

 

 

   

Commission  Website  (http://volcanoes.dickinson.edu/VIWG)  

The  Commission  website  is  the  main  communication  and  information  dissemination  forum.    

The  website  hosts  information  related  to  the  group’s  activities,  and  promotes  communication  with  the  commission  membership  and  the  broader  volcanological  community.    The  website  contains:  

• A  summary  statement  of  the  goals  of  the  Commission  • Details  of  the  Commission  charter  and  administration  • Details  of  upcoming  and  past  events  related  to  volcano–ice  interactions  (e.g.,  meetings,  special  

sessions,  symposia,  etc.)  • Contact  information  for  members  of  the  Commission  • Links  to  other  sites  of  relevance  to  the  membership  • A  database  of  images  related  to  volcano–ice  interactions,  including  recent  episodes  of  

eruptions  at  the  ice-­‐clad  volcanoes    

Over  the  years  of  the  existence  of  the  Commission  the  website  has  been  highly  appreciated  and  will  continue  to  be  developed  as  a  useful  tool  for  promoting  collaboration  and  communication  amongst  volcano–ice  researchers.  

 

Recent  Past  Meetings  (see  website  for  complete  list  of  historic  CVII  activities)    

A. Special  session  at  AGU  Las  Americas,  Cancun  (México)  14–17  may,  2013  V08.  Volcano–Ice  Interactions  in  the  Cordilleras  of  the  Americas  Volcano-­‐ice  interaction  processes  in  the  Cordilleran  region  are  very  complex  and  comprise  climate  change  positive  feedback,  enhanced  explosive  eruptive  activity  and  associated  hazards.  In  order  to  evaluate  the  contribution  of  volcanic  activity  on  the  reduction  of  ice  masses,  it  is  needed  to  establish  comparisons  with  glaciers  at  non-­‐volcanic  mountains  in  order  to  estimate  climatic-­‐factors-­‐related  retreat  vs.  volcanic-­‐related  retreat  (subglacial  heat-­‐flow,  eruptive  events,  gravity  driven  processes,  etc.).  On  the  other  hand,  volcano–ice  interactions  are  not  fully  understood  and  their  consequences  in  terms  of  associated  hazards.    Conveners:  Hugo  Delgado  Granado,  Christian  Huggel,  Hugh  Tuffen,  Lucia  Capra    

B. Special  session  at  IAVCEI  General  Assembly  Kagoshima,  Japan  3-­‐12.  Volcano–Ice  Interaction  and  Planetary  Volcanism  This  session  encompassed  all  aspects  of  planetary  volcanism,  including  cryovolcanism  in  the  outer  solar  system,  with  an  emphasis  on  volcano–ice  interaction  on  Earth  and  Mars.  Main  topics  were:  

-­‐Interactions  between  volcanic  systems  and  ice  on  Earth  including  physical  processes  that  control  eruption  mechanisms,  palaeo-­‐ice  thickness  reconstructions,  geochemical  studies  of  magma  evolution  and  degassing,  glaciological  studies  of  geothermal  impacts  on  ice  sheets,  volcano-­‐ice  interactions  in  recent  eruptions,  hazard  mitigation  at  ice-­‐covered  volcanoes  and  the  physical  processes  that  control  eruption  mechanisms,  as  recorded  in  erupted  deposits  or  simulated  in  models.  -­‐New  results  from  space  missions,  cryovolcanism  as  a  volcanic  process,  geophysics  of  icy  satellites  of  the  outer  Solar  System,  magma-­‐ice  interaction  on  Mars,  volcanism  as  thermal  and  chemical  energy  sources  for  potential  life,  and  volcanism  and  volcanic  products  as  evidence  of  mantle  composition    Conveners:  Ian  Skilling,  Rosaly  Lopes,  Christian  Huggel,  Alison  Graettinger,  Hugh  Tuffen    3H.  Lava  Flows  This  session  combined  examinations  of  lava  flow  dynamics  with  studies  of  the  interactions  between  lava  and  water  on  Earth  and  other  planetary  surfaces.  Topics  ranged  from  advanced  imaging  an  analysis  of  lava  flows  using  visible,  thermal,  and  high-­‐resolution  topographic  data  to  petrographic  and  stratigraphic  investigations  of  subaerial  lava  flows,  lava  domes,  and  pillow  lavas  emplaced  within  submarine  and  subglacial  environments.            Conveners:  Christopher  Hamilton,  Stephen  Self,  Ben  Edwards,  Susumu  Umino,  Meagen  Pollock,  Alex  Nichols    

 Future  events  

2014    

 American  Geophysical  Union  (AGU)  Fall  Meeting  15–19  December  2015,  San  Francisco,  California,  USA  Abstract  deadline:  August  6,  2014    1) Physical  Volcanology  of  Eruptions  Involving  Groundwater,  Water  or  Ice  

 Water  in  oceans,  glaciers,  lakes,  streams  and  aquifers  lies  in  the  path  of  magma  ascending  to  eruption  over  the  great  majority  of  Earth,  and  on  some  other  planets  as  well.  This  session  invites  contributions  of  all  aspects  of  magma’s  interaction  with  water  en  route  to  the  surface  and  during  eruption.  We  anticipate  contributions  on  submarine  volcanism,  volcanism  in  lakes,  phreatomagmatic  eruptions,  subglacial  volcanism,  subsurface  interactions  of  dikes  and  conduits  with  country  rock  groundwater.    

Conveners:  James  D.  L.  White,  Rebecca  Carey,  Magnus  Tumi  Gudmundsson,  and  Samuel  A.  Soule.    2) The  Role  of  Volcanism  In  Atmospheric  Phenomena  

 Volcanism  is  considered  to  have  substantially  contributed  to  the  development  of  the  atmosphere  on  early  Earth.  Volcanic  eruptions  relate  to  a  number  of  atmospheric  phenomena  including  lightning  discharge,  formation  of  hydrometeors,  cloud/ice  condensation,  development  of  aerosols,  and  alteration  of  chemical  compounds.    Although  these  volcanic  processes  are  relevant  for  modifying  atmospheric  dynamics,  they  are  still  poorly  understood.    In  addition,  atmospheric  dynamics  crucially  contribute  to  the  effects  and  hazards  posed  by  volcanic  eruptions,  including  transport,  aggregation,  and  deposition  mechanisms  of  volcanic  aerosols  and  pyroclasts.  This  session  focuses  on  studies  that  attempt  to  unite  the  fields  of  volcanism  and  atmospheric  dynamics  and  the  complex  interplay  between  the  two.  We  welcome  contributions  that  utilize  field  observations,  laboratory  experiments,  remote  sensing,  and  modeling,  focusing  on  the  aforementioned  phenomena  and  the  influence  that  volcanic  ash  and  gas  emissions  may  have  on  modifying  physical  and  chemical  equilibria  in  the  atmosphere.    Conveners:  Kimberly  D.  Genareau,  Sonja  A.  Behnke,  and  Corrado  Cimarelli.      2015    

 Lunar  and  Planetary  Science  Conference  (LPSC)  16–20  March  2015,  Woodlands,  Texas,  USA  Abstract  deadline:  January  6,  2015        

 European  Geophysical  Union  (EGU)  General  Assembly    12–17  April  2015,  Vienna,  Austria  Abstract  deadline:  January  7,  2015    

 26th  IUGG  General  Assembly  2015  22  June  –  2  July  2015  Prague,  Czech  Republic  Abstract  deadline:  January  31,  2015    1) VS33.  Understanding  Volcano-­‐Climate  Feedbacks  While  our  understanding  of  volcano-­‐climate  linkages  is  still  developing,  increasingly  studies  are  showing  feedbacks  between  them  at  a  variety  of  time-­‐scales.  On  one  hand  many  historic  eruptions  have  had  documented  impacts  on  short  term  global  temperatures  (e.g.,  Tambora  1815),  and  on  the  other  local  climate  events  (heavy  rains)  are  now  thought  to  able  to  trigger  eruptions  (e.g.,  Soufriere  Hills).  This  is  especially  true  for  glaciovolcanism,  for  which  it  has  been  argued  that  rapid  deglaciation  can  trigger  changes  to  asthenospheric  melting  and  increased  rates  of  volcanism,  as  well  as  having  local  effects  at  glacierized  stratovolcanoes  (edifice  failure  due  to  deglaciation).  At  the  same  time,  damage  done  to  glaciers  by  large-­‐scale  eruptions  can  hasten  rates  of  melting  and  ice  retreat,  even  as  increased  rates  of  volcanic  gas  emissions  during  deglaciation  could  either  mitigate  (e.g.,  SO2)  or  enhance  (e.g.,  CO2)  cyclic  climatic  warming.  We  invite  contributions  to  this  symposium  that  investigate  the  feedback  frontiers  between  volcanism  and  climate  change.    Conveners:  Lucia Capra (Queretaro, México), Christian Huggel (Zurich, Switzerland), Hugh Tuffen (Lancaster, U.K.).  This  symposium  is  co-­‐sponsored  by  IACS.  

2) VS02.  Lava  Flows    Lava  flows  can  pose  risks  to  property  and  infrastructure  on  Earth,  and,  as  a  planetary  surface  process,  lava  emplacement  represents  one  of  the  dominant  crust-­‐forming  processes  on  Earth  and  other  terrestrial  planets  and  moons.  An  increased  understanding  of  how  lavas  flow  in  various  planetary  environments  is  important  for  advancing  our  knowledge  of  planetary  processes.  Recognizing  the  relationships  between  eruption  conditions,  flow  dynamics,  and  lava  morphology  is  important  for  reconstructing  paleo-­‐conditions  within  planetary  interiors  and  surface  environments.  On  Earth,  improved  understanding  of  lava  emplacement  is  also  important  for  civil  engineering  design,  disaster  preparation,  and  hazard  mitigation.  This  session  focuses  on  advances  that  have  been  made  in  the  imaging  and  analysis  of  active  lava  flows  and  those  preserved  within  the  geologic  record  of  Earth  and  other  planetary  bodies,  including  subaqueous  lavas.  We  particularly  invite  contributions  relating  to  Light  Detection  And  Ranging  (LiDAR)  observations  obtained  from  field-­‐based,  airborne,  and  spaceborne  platforms  to  quantify  lava  flow  morphology,  emplacement  dynamics,  and  paleo-­‐environments.  We  also  encourage  results  from  studies  that  explore  submarine  lavas,  integration  of  LiDAR  and  Forward  Looking  Infrared  Radiometer  (FLIR)  data,  and  alternative  remote  sensing  approaches  to  understanding  lava  flows  and  dynamic  volcanic  topography.  

Conveners: Christopher Hamilton (Tucson, USA), Steve Self (Milton Keynes, U.K.)  

 

Other  Future  Events  

For  the  next  term,  the  CVII  is  committed  to  maintain  the  high  level  of  activity  in  different  fields,  including  scientific  meetings,  outreach  and  education.  The  Commission  will  furthermore  continue  to  strain  for  successfully  linking  IAVCEI  and  IACS  and  promote  collaborative,  interdisciplinary  research.    

Particularly  worth  mentioning  is  that  CVII  will  contribute  to  the  next  IAVCEI  General  Assembly  2015  at  the  IUGG  in  Prague,  with  a  special  session  on  the  relation  between  paleoclimate  and  volcanic  activity,  but  also  including  recent  cases  of  magmatic  activity  in  ice-­‐capped  stratovolcanoes  (i.e.,  Chile,  Ecuador,  Perú),  and  volcanism  forcing  climate.  In  combination  with  this  session,  a  field  trip  at  Etna  volcano  is  under  consideration;  alternatively,  a  co-­‐sponsored  field  trip  with  the  monogenetic  commission  will  be  also  considered.  Finally,  the  CVII  will  contribute  significantly  to  the  IAVCEI  Scientific  Assembly  in  Portland  in  2017,  with  special  sessions  and  field  trip.    

 

 

2013–2014  Publications  

Capra,   L,   Bernal,   JP,   Carrasco,   G,   Roverato,  M   (2013)   Climatic   fluctuations   as   a   significant  

contributing   factor   for   volcanic   collapses.   Evidence   from   Mexico   during   the   Late   Pleistocene.  

Global  and  Planetary  Changes,  100,  194–203.  

de  Vet,  SJ,  Merrison,   JP,  Mittelmeijer-­‐Hazeleger,  MC,  Van  Loon,  EE,  Cammeraat,  LH  (2014)  

Effects  of  rolling  on  wind-­‐driven  detachment  thresholds  of  volcanic  glass  on  Mars.  Planetary  and  

Space  Science,  103,  205–218,  doi:10.1016/j.pss.2014.07.012.  

de   Vet,   SJ,   Mittelmeijer-­‐Hazeleger,   MC,   Braakhekke,   JJM,   Cammeraat   LH   (2014)   Physical  

weathering  and   fracturing  of  a   rhyolitic  hyaloclastite   in   Iceland.  Bulletin  of  Volcanology,  76(833).  

doi:10.1007/s00445-­‐014-­‐0833-­‐7.  

Delgado  Granados,   H,   Julio  Miranda,   P,   Carrasco  Núñez,   G,   Pulgarín   Alzate,   B,  Mothes,   P,  

Moreno   Roa,   H,   Cáceres   Correa,   BE,   Cortés   Ramos,   J   (2015)   Hazards   at   Ice-­‐Clad   Volcanoes:  

Phenomena,  Processes,  and  Examples  From  Mexico,  Colombia,  Ecuador,  and  Chile.   In:  Snow  and  

Ice-­‐Related  Hazards,  Risks,  and  Disasters.  Haberli,  Wl,  Whuteman,  C  (eds.).  Hazards  and  disasters  

series,  Elsevier,  607–646.  

 

Edwards,   BR,   Belousov,   A,   Belousova,   M   (2014)   Propagation   style   controls   lava–snow  

interactions,  Nature  Communications  (in  press).  

Edwards,  BR,  Karson,  J,  Wysocki,  B,  Lev,  E,  Bindeman,  I,  Kueppers,  U  (2013)  Insights  on  lava–

ice/snow   interactions   from   large-­‐scale   basaltic   melt   experiments,   Geology,   41,   851–854.,  

doi:10.1130/G34305.1.  

Fraser,  CI,  Terauds,  A,  Smellie,  J,  Convey,  P,  Chown,  SL  (2014)  Geothermal  activity  helps  life  

survive   glacial   cycles.   Proceedings   of   the   National   Academy   of   Sciences,   111,   5634–5639,  

doi/10.1073/pnas.1321437111.  

Hungerford,   JDG,   Edwards,   BR,   Skilling,   IP,   Cameron,   B   (2013)   Evolution   of   a   subglacial  

basaltic   lava   flow   field:   Tennena   Cone   volcanic   center,   Mount   Edziza   Volcanic   Complex,   British  

Columbia,  Canada,  J.  Volc.  Geotherm.  Res.,  272,  39–58,  10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2013.09.012.  

Lopes,   RMC,   Kirk,   RL,   Mitchell,   KL,   LeGall,   A,   Barnes,   JW,   Hayes,   A,   Kargel,   J,   Wye,   L,  

Radebaugh,   J,   Stofan,  ER,   Janssen,  MA,  Neish,  CD,  Wall,   SD,    Wood,  CA,  Lunine,   JI,  Malaska,  M  J  

(2013)  Cryovolcanism  on  Titan:  New  results  from  Cassini  RADAR  and  VIMS.  Journal  of  Geophysical  

Research—Planets,  118,  416–435,  doi:10.1002/jgre.20062,  2013.  

Nyland,  RE,  Panter,  KS,  Rocchi,  S,  Di  Vincenzo,  G,  Del  Carlo,  P,  Tiepolo  M,  Field,  B,  Gorsevski,  

P   (2013)   Volcanic   activity   and   its   link   to   glaciation   cycles:   single-­‐grain   age   and   geochemistry   of  

Early  Miocene  volcanic   glass   from  ANDRILL  AND-­‐2A  core,  Antarctica.   Journal  of  Volcanology  and  

Geothermal  Research,  250,  106–128.    

Patrick,  MR,  Smellie,  JL  (2013)  A  spaceborne  inventory  of  volcanic  activity  in  Antarctica  and  southern  oceans,  2000–2010.  Antarctic  Science,  25,  475–500.  

Pollock,   M,   Edwards,   BR,   Hauksdottir,   S,   Alcorn,   R,   Bowman,   L   (2014)   Geochemical   and  

Lithostratigraphic   Constraints   on   the   Formation   of   Pillow-­‐dominated   Tindars   from   Undirhlíðar  

Quarry,   Reykjanes   Peninsula,   Southwest   Iceland.   Lithos,   200–201,   317–333.  

dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.lithos.2014.04.023.  

Russell,  JK,  Edwards,  BR,  Porritt,  L,  Ryane,  C  (2014)  Tuyas:  a  descriptive  genetic  classification.  

Quat.  Sci.  Rev.,  87,  70–81,  http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2014.01.001.  

Russell,   JK,   Edwards,   BR,   Porritt,   LA,   2013.   Pyroclastic   passages   zones   in   glaciovolcanic  

sequences,  Nature  Communications,  4,  1788,  doi:  10.1038/ncomms2829.  

Rivera,  A,  Bown,  F,  Carrión,  D,  Zenteno,  P  (2012)  Glacier  responses  to  recent  volcanic  activity  

in  Southern  Chile.  Environmental  Research  Letters,  7,    doi:10.1088/1748-­‐9326/7/014036.  

Rivera,  A,  Bown,   F   (2013)    Recent  glacier   variations  on  active   ice   capped  volcanoes   in   the  

Southern   Volcanic   Zone   (37°   46°S),   Chilean   Andes.   Journal   of   South   American   Earth   Sciences,  

45,345–356.  

Rivera,  A,  Zamora,  R,  Uribe,   J,  Wendt,  A,  Oberreuter,   J,  Cisternas,  S,  Gimeno,  F,  Clavero,   J,  

(2014)  Recent  changes   in   total   ice  volume  on  Volcán  Villarrica,   Southern  Chile.  Natural  Hazards,  

doi:10.1007/s11069-­‐014-­‐1306-­‐1  

Scanlon,  KE,  Head,  JW,  Wilson,  L,  Marchant,  DR  (2014)  Volcano–ice  interactions  in  the  Arsia  

Mons  tropical  mountain  glacier  deposits.  Icarus,  237,  315–339.  

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