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ABB Automation, Inc.

Substation Automation & Protection Division

Coral Springs, FL

Allentown, PA

Instruction Leaflet

Effective: April, 1996

New Information REL 301/302Version 1.4

Numerical Distance Relay

40-386.4

ABB Network Partner

http://xn--1c4b/%E6%B6%BCeo%EC%B2%832Y%E4%BC%81%126Q

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I.L. 40-386.4

REL301/302 REVISION NOTICE

DATE REV LEVEL PAGES REMOVED PAGES INSERTED

4/96 RELEASED

CHANGE SUMMARY:

A CHANGE BAR ( ) LOCATED IN THE MARGININDICATES A CHANGE TO THE TECHNICAL CONTENT

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It is recommended that the user of REL301/302 equipment become acquainted with the information in this in-

struction leaflet before energizing the system. Failure to do so may result in injury to personnel or damage to

the equipment, and may affect the equipment warranty. If the REL301/302 relay system is mounted in a cabinet,

the cabinet must be bolted to the floor, or otherwise secured before REL301/302 installation, to prevent the sys-

tem from tipping over.

All integrated circuits used on the modules are sensitive to and can be damaged by the discharge of static elec-

tricity. Electrostatic discharge precautions should be observed when handling modules or individual

components.

ABB does not assume liability arising out of the application or use of any product or circuit described herein.

ABB reserves the right to make changes to any products herein to improve reliability, function or design. Spec-

ifications and information herein are subject to change without notice. All possible contingencies which may

arise during installation, operation, or maintenance, and all details and variations of this equipment do not pur-

port to be covered by these instructions. If further information is desired by purchaser regarding a particular in-

stallation, operation or maintenance of equipment, the local ABB representative should be contacted.

Copyright ASEA BROWN BOVERI, ABB Power T&D Company Inc. 1993, 1994, 1995, 1996

This document contains information that is protected by copyright. All rights are reserved. Reproduction, adaptation, ortranslation without prior written permission is prohibited, except as allowed under the copyright laws.

ABB does not convey any license under its patent rights nor the rights of others.

Trademarks

All terms mentioned in this book that are known to be trademarks or service marks are listed below. In addition,

terms suspected of being trademarks or service marks have been appropriately capitalized. ABB Power T&D Com-

pany Inc. cannot attest to the accuracy of this information. Use of a term in this book should not be regarded as

affecting the validity of any trademark or service mark.

IBM and PCare registered trademarks of the International Business Machines Corporation

WRELCOMis the registered trademark of the ABB Power T&D Company Inc.

INCOMis the registered trademark of the Westinghouse Electric Corporation

! CAUTION

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PREFACE

Scope

This manual describes the functions and features of the REL301(Non-pilot Relay System) and REL302 (Pilot

Relay System). It is intended primarily for use by engineers and technicians involved in the installation, testing,

operation and maintenance of the REL301/302 system.

Equipment Identification

The REL301/302 equipment is identified by the Catalog Number on the REL301/302 chassis nameplate. The

Catalog Number can be decoded by using Catalog Number Table in Section 1.6.6. Both REL301 and REL302

can be either vertically or horizontally mounted.

Production Changes

When engineering and production changes are made to the REL301/302 equipment, a revision notation(SUB #) is reflected on the appropriate schematic diagram, and associated parts information.

Equipment Repair

Repair work is done most satisfactorily at the factory. When returning equipment, contact your field sales rep-

resentative for RMR authorization. All equipment should be returned in the original packing containers if possi-

ble. Any damage due to improperly packed items will be charged to the customer.

Document Overview

Section 1 provides the Product Description. Section 2 presents the Functional Specification. Section 3 presents

the Setting Calculations. Installation and Operation are described in Section 4. Finally, Section 5 covers Accep-

tance Test, Maintenance Test and Calibration procedures.

Contents of Relay System

The REL301/302 Relay System includes the style numbers, listed below, for each module.

Module Style Number

FT-10 Surge Protection- - - - - - - - -1502B35

Backplane Surge Protection - - - - - -1612C53

Option (Reclosing/synch-check) - - - -1613C77

Filter (Input Module) - - - - - - - - - -1612C34

Microprocessor - - - - - - - - - - - -1613C55

Display (Optional) - - - - - - - - - - -1613C69

Power Supply/Relay Outputs - - - - - -1612C68

VT - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -1612C80

CT - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -1612C79

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

SECTION PAGE

SECTION 1: PRODUCT DESCRIPTION

1. 1. INTRODUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1-1

1. 2. REL301/302 FEATURES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-2

1.2.1 Standard Features for REL301 (Non-Pilot) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1-2

1.2.2 Standard Features for REL302 (Pilot) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-3

1.2.3 Optional Features for the Non-Pilot REL301 and Pilot REL302 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1-3

1. 3. REL301/302 CONSTRUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-3

1.3.1 REL301/302 Outer Chassis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-3

1.3.2 REL301/302 Inner Chassis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1-4

1. 4. UNIQUE FEATURES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1-4

1.4.1 Fault Detection Software . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1-4

1.4.2 Fault Mode and Restricted Fault Tests . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1-5

1.4.3 Unique Characteristics of REL301/302 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1-5

1.4.4 Self-checking Software . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1-6

1. 5. UNIQUE REMOTE COMMUNICATION PROGRAM (RCP) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-6

1.5.1 ABB Bulletin Board . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1-6

1. 6. SPECIFICATIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1-71.6.1 Technical . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1-7

1.6.2 External Connections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1-7

1.6.3 Contact Rating Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-7

1.6.4 Chassis Dimensions And Weight . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1-8

1.6.5 Environmental and Type Test Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-8

1.6.6 REL301/302 Catalog Numbers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1-9

SECTION 2: FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION

2. 1 INTRODUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-1

2. 2 LINE MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-1

2.2.1 Single-Phase-to-Ground Fault . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-1

2.2.2 Three-Phase Fault . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-2

2.2.3 Phase-to-Phase Fault . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-2

2. 3 MEASUREMENT ZONES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-2

2.3.1 Zone-1 Trip . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-3

http://xn--cq-zbc8794hw5qa/http://xn--cq-zbc8794hw5qa/http://xn--cq-zbc8794hw5qa/http://xn--cq-zbc8794hw5qa/http://xn--cq-zbc8794hw5qa/

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2.3.2 Zone-2 Trip . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-3

2.3.3 Zone-3 Trip . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-5

2.3.4 Zone-1 Extension . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-6

2. 4 NON-PILOT OPERATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-6

2.4.1 3-Zone Distance Phase and Ground Relay withReversible Zone-3 Phase and Ground . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-6

2.4.2 Inverse Time Overcurrent Ground Backup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-6

2.4.3 Loss of Potential Supervision . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-7

2.4.4 Loss of Current Supervision (LOI) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-8

2.4.5 Fault Detector Overcurrent Supervision . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-8

2.4.6 Highset Overcurrent Trip . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-8

2.4.7 Close-Into-Fault Trip (CIFT) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-8

2.4.8 Unequal-Pole-Closing-Load Pickup Logic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-92.4.9 Loss-of-Load Accelerated Trip Logic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-9

2.4.10 Current or Voltage Change Fault Detector (I, V) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-10

2.4.11 Ground Directional Polarization Selection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-10

2.4.12 Instantaneous Forward Directional Overcurrent (FDOG) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-10

2.4.13 Instantaneous Reverse Directional Overcurrent Ground (RDOG) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-11

2.4.14 Programmable Reclose Initiation and Reclose Block Logic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-11

2.4.15 Output Contact Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-12

2.4.16 Out-of-Step Block Logic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-12

2.4.16.1 Subsequent Out-of-Step Security Logic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-12

2.4.17 Fault and Oscillographic Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-132.4.17.1 Fault Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-13

2.4.17.2 Oscillographic Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-13

2. 5 REL302 PILOT SYSTEM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-14

2.5.1 Pilot System Type . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-14

2.5.1.1 Permissive Overreach Transfer Trip/Simplified Unblocking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-14

2.5.1.2 Permissive Underreach Transfer Trip . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-17

2.5.1.3 Directional Comparison Blocking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-18

2.5.2 Pilot Ground Overcurrent . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-19

2.5.3 High Resistance Ground Fault Supplement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-202.5.4 Instantaneous Reverse Directional Overcurrent Ground . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-20

2.5.4.1 Supplement to Carrier Ground Start, Blocking Scheme . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-20

2.5.4.2 Pilot Ground Start, POTT. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-20

2.5.5 3-terminal Line Application . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-21

2.5.6 Weakfeed Trip Application . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-21

2.5.6.1 Weakfeed System Application . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-22

2.5.7 Reclose Block on Breaker Failure Squelch . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-22

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2. 6 PROGRAMMABLE CONTACT OUTPUTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-22

SECTION 3: SETTINGS CALCULATIONS

3.1. MEASUREMENT UNITS AND SETTING RANGES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-1

3.2. CALCULATION OF REL301/302 SETTINGS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-2

3.2.1 Ratio of Zero and Positive Sequence Impedances (ZR) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-3

3.2.2 Zone-1 Distance Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-3

3.2.3 Zone-2 Distance Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-4

3.2.4 Zone-3 Distance Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-4

3.2.5 Overcurrent Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-4

3.2.6 Out-of-Step Block (OS Block) Blinder Settings (OS Inner and OS Outer) . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-5

3.2.7 Timer Settings (Definite Time Setting) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-7

3.2.8 Timer Settings (Torque Control Overcurrent) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-8

3.3. REQUIRED SETTINGS APPLICATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-9

3.3.1 Oscillographic Data (OSC Data) Capture Setting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-10

3.3.2 Fault Data (Flt. Data) Capture Setting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-10

3.3.3 Current Transformer Ratio Setting (CT Ratio) 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-10

3.3.4 Voltage Transformer Ratio Setting (VT Ratio) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-10

3.3.5 Frequency Setting (Freq.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-10

3.3.6 Current Transformer Type Setting (CT Type) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-10

3.3.7 Read Primary Setting (Read Out) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-11

3.3.8 Ohms Per Unit Distance (X / Dist) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-113.3.9 Distance Type (DistUnit) Setting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-11

3.3.10 Reclosing Mode (RI Type) Setting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-11

3.3.11 Reclose Initiation Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-11

3.3.12 Remote Breaker Failure, Reclose Block (RemBF RB) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-11

3.3.13 Remote Pilot Control (Pilot) Setting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-11

3.3.14 System Type Selection (SystType) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-11

3.3.15 For The Pilot REL302 Only . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-12

3.3.16 Distance/Overcurrent . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-12

3.3.17 Timers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-12

3.3.18 Zone-3 Direction Setting (Zone-3) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-123.3.19 Positive Sequence Impedance Line Angle (Ang Pos.)* . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-13

3.3.20 Zero Sequence Impedance Angle (Ang Zero)* . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-13

3.3.21 Zero Sequence/Positive Sequence Ratio (ZOL/Z1L)* . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-13

3.3.22 Low Voltage Settings (Low V) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-13

3.3.23 Polarizing Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-13

3.3.24 Overcurrent Ground Backup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-13

3.3.25 Close-Into-Fault Trip Setting (CIF Trip) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-15

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3.3.26 Load Loss Trip Setting (LL Trip) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-15

3.3.27 Loss of Potential Block Setting (LOP Blk) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-15

3.3.28 Loss of Current Block Setting (LOI Blk) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-15

3.3.29 Trip Alarm Setting (Trip Alm) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-15

3.3.30 Remote Setting (Rem. Set) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-15

3.3.31 Real-Time Clock Setting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-15

3.4. RECLOSE INITIATION MODE PROGRAMMING . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-15

3.4.1 For Non-pilot and Pilot Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-15

SECTION 4: INSTALLATION AND OPERATION

4. 1. SEPARATING THE INNER AND OUTER-CHASSIS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-1

4. 2. TEST PLUGS AND FT SWITCHES. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-1

4. 3. EXTERNAL WIRING . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-1

4. 4. FRONT PANEL MAN-MACHINE INTERFACE (MMI). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-3

4.4.1 LED Indicators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-3

4.4.1.1 LEDs and Display Reset . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-3

4.4.2 Display Module. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-3

4.4.2.1 Front Panel Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-4

4. 5. JUMPER CONTROLS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-6

4. 6. COMMUNICATION PORT(S) USE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-7

4.6.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-7

4.6.2 Communication Port Options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-7

4.6.3 Personal Computer Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-7

4.6.4 Connecting Cables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-7

4.6.5 Setting Change Permission and Relay Password . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-8

4. 7. FRONT RS-232C COMMUNICATIONS PORT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-9

4.7.1 Communications Port Set Up . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-9

4.7.2 Operations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-9

4.7.3 Troubleshooting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-10

4. 8. SIXTEEN FAULT TARGET DATA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-10

4. 9. OSCILLOGRAPHIC DATA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-10

4. 10. PROGRAMMABLE CONTACT OUTPUTS (Optional Feature) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-10

4.10.1 Programmable Contact Outputs Applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-12

4.10.1.1 Breaker Failure Protection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-12

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SECTION 5: REL301/302 ACCEPTANCE TEST ANDMAINTENANCE PROCEDURES

5. 1. NON-PILOT ACCEPTANCE TESTS FOR REL301/302 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5-3

5.1.1 Front Panel Man-Machine-Interface (MMI) Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5-3

5.1.2 Input quantities Verification and Metering Display . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5-4

5.1.3 TEST MODE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5-5

5.1.4 Zone-1 Impedance Accuracy Check . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5-7

5.1.5 Input Opto-Coupler Check (Also see Step 12) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5-9

5.1.6 Input Transformer (Ip) Check . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5-10

5.1.7 Output Contact and Input Circuit Verification Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5-11

5. 2. PILOT ACCEPTANCE TESTS (FOR REL302 ONLY) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5-12

5.2.1 Non-Pilot Acceptance Tests for REL301/302 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5-12

5.2.2 Input Opto-Coupler Check . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5-12

5. 3. MAINTENANCE PROCEDURES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5-14

5.3.1 Periodic Maintenance Tests . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5-14

5.3.1.1 Using Remote or Local Data Communication . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5-14

5.3.1.2 Using Man-Machine Interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5-14

5.3.1.3 Routine Visual Inspection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5-14

5.3.1.4 Perform the Acceptance Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5-15

5. 4. CALIBRATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5-15

5.4.1 Pre-Calibration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5-155.4.2 A/D Calibration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5-15

5.4.3 Real-Time Clock Calibration on Microprocessor Module . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5-16

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LIST OF FIGURES

Section Number Page Number

Section 1 REL301/302 Relay Assembly in FT-42 Case (photo) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1-1REL301/302 Layout (Vertical) (sheet 1 of 2) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1-10REL301/302 Layout (Horizontal) (sheet 2 of 2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1-11REL301/302 Outer Chassis (photo) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1-12REL301/302 Inner Chassis (photo) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1-13REL301/302 Relay Program Functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1-14

Section 2 REL301/302 Characteristics /R-X Diagram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-23Mho Characteristic for Phase-to-Ground Faults. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-23Mho Characteristics for Three-Phase Faults(No Load Flow). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-24

Mho Characteristics for Phase-to-Phase andTwo Phase-to-Ground Faults (No Load Flow). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-24

Logic Drawing Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-25REL301/302 Zone-1 Trip Logic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-26REL301/302 Zone-2 Trip Logic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-26REL301/302 Zone-3 Trip Logic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-27REL301/302 Zone-1 Extension Scheme . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-27Inverse Time Overcurrent Ground Backup Logic. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-28Loss-of-Potential Logic. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-28Loss-of-Potential Logic (System Diagram). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-29Loss of Current Monitoring Logic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-29Overcurrent Supervision . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-30Instantaneous Overcurrent Highset Trip Logic. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-30REL301/302 Close-Into- Fault Trip (CIFT) Logic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-31Special Application for CIF Logic With Time Delay Pickup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-31

REL301/302 Unequal-Pole-Closing Load Pickup Trip Logic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-31Load Loss Accelerated Trip Logic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-32Reclosing Initiation Logic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-32Out-of-Step Block Logic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-32Out-of-Step Block Logic (Blinder Characteristics) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-33REL301/302/Unblocking, PUTT and Blocking Pilot Relay . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-33REL302POTT/Unblocking and PUTT Pilot Trip Logic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-34REL302 Channel Sending/Receiving Logic in POTT/Unblocking Scheme . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-34REL302 Channel Sending/Receiving Logic in POTT/Unblocking Scheme . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-35REL302 Blocking System Logic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-35Power Reversed on POTT/Unblocking Schemes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-36Unequal Pole Closing on Fault. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-36REL302 Pilot Ground Trip supplemented by FDOG . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-37REL302 Additional Logic for POTT Scheme on 3-TerminalLine Application . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-37

REL302 Additional Logic for PUTT Scheme on 3-TerminalLine Application . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-38

REL302 Weakfeed Application . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-38REL302 Reversible Zone-3 Phase and Ground (Reverse Block Logic) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-39CO-2 Curve Characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-40CO-5 Curve Characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-41CO-6 Curve Characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-42

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CO-7 Curve Characteristics. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-43CO-8 Curve Characteristics. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-44CO-9 Curve Characteristics. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-45CO-11 Curve Characteristics. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-46

Section 3 Overcurrent Reset Characteristics. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-17

Section 4 REL301/302 Terminals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-15REL301/302 System External Connection (2 Sheets) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-16, 4-17REL301/302 Breaker Failure DC Schematic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-18

Section 5 Filter (input) Module. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5-17Power Supply (Output) Module . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5-18Microprocessor Module . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5-19Test Connections For:

A-Ground Test. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5-20

B-Ground Test. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5-21C-Ground Test. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5-22A-Ground Test (Dual Polarizing) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5-23

SECTION NUMBER PAGE NUMBER

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TABLES

SECTION NUMBER PAGE NUMBER

Section 2 Phase and Ground Settings (5 Tables) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-4, 2-5

Section 3 Trip Time Constants for Curves. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-16Reclosing Initiation Mode Programming . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-16

Section 4 Setting Display (3 Sheets) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-19, 4-20, 4-21Metering Display . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-22Target (Fault Data) Display (2 Sheets) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-23, 4-24Programmable Contact outputs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-25Communications Cable Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-26Dip Switch Setting Chart . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-27

RS-PONI (9-Pin) Communications Speed Setting. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-27

Section 5 Filter Module Jumper Settings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-2Power Supply Module Jumper Settings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-2Microprocessor Module Jumper Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-2Settings (Non-Pilot System). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5-24Settings (Pilot System) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-25REL301/302 Reference Drawings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-26

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REL301 and 302 Version 1.4

FEATURES ADDED AND IMPROVEMENTS MADE TO VERSION 1.12

1. REL 301 and 320

1.1 Added a signal (3V0T) which can be used by the programmable logic for zero sequence

voltage detection. The signal (VA+ VB+ VC) produces an output when 3V0 105 volts.

1.2 Changed the increment step size, of the programmable contact output timers, from 10

milliseconds 1 cycle and changed the settable range from 0-5 seconds to 0-2000 cycles.

1.3 Added the 52a input to the selectable signals which can be connected to the programma-

ble contact output logic.

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REL301 and 302 Version 1.12

FEATURES ADDED AND IMPROVEMENTS MADE TO VERSION 1.11

1. REL301 and 302

1.1 Changed 3Vo sensitivity from 3 volts to 1 volt for the directional units in order to increase

the sensitivity for zone-2 and zone-3.

1.2 Changed the loss of current blocking (LOI Blk) timer from 0.5/0.5 to 10/0.5 seconds in

order to prevent blocking of zone-2 ground distance, zone-3 ground distance for settings

ofT2Gand/or T3Gare greater than 0.5 seconds and ground backup tripping longer

than 0.5 seconds.

1.3 Improved the loss of potential blocking logic by removing the lead between LOP Timer (8/

0) output and AND1G.

1.4 Corrected the angle display for the 1-amp ct application. Now, the angle display is extend-ed from 50% to 10% of the ct rating.

1.5 Extended the front communication access time from 2 to 15 minutes after depressing the

front push-button.

1.6 Redefined the programmable contact output signals LLT & TBM to IM & IOM, respective-

ly.

1.7 Corrected a software error for the operation of the programmable output contact OC-3.

1.8 Corrected the LV setting for the use of the programmable output contacts. The output

contacts of LV should be picked up if any one of the voltages fall below the LV setting. In

version 1.11, the normally open contacts closed if any one of the voltages exceeded the

LV setting.1.9 Improved the accuracy of the programmable contact outputs (PCO) pickup and dropout

timers.

1.10 Improved the accuracy of 3-phase distance tripping by removing KI0 compensation which

was incorrectly applied to this calculation.

1.11 Corrected LED and Man-Machine Interface targeting mismatch. LED could indicate incor-

rect fault type for certain trip operations.

2. REL302

2.1 Changed the RDOG timer from 16/0 to 33/0 ms. For a 3-phase fault at 0% location, the

RDOG may pick up momentarily and may start the TBM (carrier keying); therefore, it may

delay the pilot trip action.

NOTE: For the pilot application, the setting of FDGT should be greater than 3 cycles.

2.2 Removed reclose initiate output from weakfeed trip logic.

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1. 2. REL301/302 FEATURES

1.2.1 StandardFeatures for REL301 (Non-Pilot)

100% Numerical processing

3-Zone distance phase and ground relay, with reversible Zone-3 phase and ground; 4 imped-ance units per zone: 3 phase-to-ground; 1 phase-to-phase.

T1 timer (0 to 15 cycles)

Independent timers for phase and ground step distance applications

Overcurrent supervision of phase and ground distance

Selectable Zone-2 torque controlled phase and/or ground overcurrent

Inverse time directional or non-directional (selectable) overcurrent ground backup logic

Loss of potential supervision

Loss of current supervision

Instantaneous forward directional phase and ground high set overcurrent trip

Close Into Fault Trip

Unequal-pole-closing load pickup logic

Selectable Loss-of-Load accelerated trip logic

Selectable Zone-1 extension

Current change fault detector (I)

Voltage change fault detector (V)

Breaker trip circuit test

Push-to-close test for output contacts

Binary input test of contact input circuits

One input (52a) which can be used with programmable logic (seeOptionalFeaturesbelow)

Software switches for functional tests, e.g., (Carrier Send and Carrier Receivers)

Selectable polarizing for directional overcurrent ground units (zero sequence, negative se-quence and dual

Programmable Reclose initiation and reclose block outputs

Fault location capability

Self-checking software

Trip contact sealed in by trip current, and selectable dropout delay of 0 or 50 ms

16 fault records with setting selectable data capture choices which trigger fault recording

Real-time clock (Can be externally set with optional IRIG-B interface)

Low voltage pickup setting for close into fault trip logic Setting positive sequence to zero sequence ratio

Double blinder logic for out of step blocking

Choice of RS (RS 232C Product Operated Network Interface) PONI or NET (INCOM) PONI

16 sets of oscillographic data and intermediate target data. Each set includes a graphic dis-

play of the 7 analog inputs and 24 digital logic signals. Each oscillographic target contains 1prefault and 7 fault cycles of data. Data collection can be started by TRIP only, TRIP and/orZone2, TRIP and/or Zone 2/ Zone 3 or V I

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1.2.2 StandardFeatures for REL302 (Pilot)

All features listed as standard for the REL301 are also standard in the REL302

Independent pilot zone phase and ground distance units

Permissive Overreach Transfer Trip (POTT) /Simplified Unblocking Logic

Permissive Underreach Transfer Trip Logic

Directional Comparison Blocking Logic

POTT or Simplified Unblocking Weakfeed Terminal Logic

Instantaneous Forward Directional Overcurrent Function for High Resistance Ground Fault

Supplement to Overreach Pilot

Instantaneous Reverse Directional Overcurrent Ground Function for Carrier Start on Block-

ing Scheme

Low voltage pickup setting for weakfeed logic and close into fault trip

Reclose Block on Breaker Failure Squelch

3-Terminal Line Application

1.2.3 OptionalFeatures for the Non-Pilot REL301 and Pilot REL302

Man Machine Interface (LCD Display)Review or update all settingsReview two most recent

Line voltage, current and phase angle monitoring

RS-232C front communications port

5 programmable contact outputs

Reclosing with or without Synchronism/Voltage Check (See I.L. 40-386.12 for details)

Up to 4 reclose attempts

Instantaneous or time delay (each reclose attempt)

Reset Timer

Live-Line Dead-Bus/Dead-Line Live-Bus logic

Synchronism check

120 Volt phase-to-phase synchronism voltage input option

1. 3. REL301/302 CONSTRUCTION

All of the relay circuitry, with the exception of the first-line surge protection, is mounted on theinner chassis, to which the front panel is attached. The outer chassis has a backplane, which is

a receptacle for all external connections, including a communication interface. The integralFT-10 switches permit convenient and safe disconnection of trip, ac and dc input circuits, and

provide for injection of test signals.

1.3.1 REL301/302 Outer Chassis

This is an FT-42 case, where all the input/output signals are surge protected. All external con-

nections are made through the rear of the case (except optional front communications port).

The outer chassis (Figure 1-4)consists of 2 surge protection modules, a backplane surge pro-tection module, a metal case, FT-switches and a communication interface consisting of a Prod-

uct Operated Network Interface (PONI) which is either a NET (INCOM) PONI or RS (RS-232C)PONI mounted on the inside of the case on the backplane module.

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1.3.2 REL301/302 Inner Chassis

The inner chassis (Figure 1-5) consists of a frame, 2 switchjaws and the following modules.Each module is identified by silk screen label.

PT Module:

Consisting of 3 voltage transformers for VAN

, VBN

and VCN

.

CT Module:

Consisting of 4 current transformers for IA, IB, IC and IP, where IP is used for zero-sequencedual-polarizing ground current measurement.

Filter Module:Consisting of the anti-aliasing filters for the seven inputs from the vt and ct modules, the mul-tiplexer to the A/D converter, the A/D converter itself, and the Opto-isolator for the input con-

tacts.

Microprocessor Module:

Consisting of a microcontroller (16 bits Intel 80C196 at 10 MHz), two EPROM program mem-ory chips; two RAM chips, an EEPROM for data retention, a real time clock with battery andindication LEDs.

Power Supply (PWRSUP) Module:This is an isolated switching power supply capable of supplying +5 Vdc for microcontroller

and surrounding IC logic, 12 Vdc for reference voltages and + 24 Vdc for communication.All output contacts are on this module.

Three power supply options are available:48 Vdc

125 Vdc250 Vdc

Man Machine Interface (MMI)/display module (optional):

consisting of a 2-line, 16 character per line, liquid crystal display (LCD), four push-buttons for

setting data entries and a switch for either protection or reclosing information. If the MMI op-tion is not supplied, the switch is supplied for resetting protection or reclosing LEDs from thefront panel.

Reclosing/Synch-check Module (optional):

consisting of an independent microcontroller (16 bits Intel 80C196) with its IC logic, signals,contact inputs and outputs.

1. 4. UNIQUE FEATURES

1.4.1 Fault Detection Software

REL301/302 fault-detection software operates in two modes: Background and Fault mode.

The REL301/302 relay normally operates in the Background mode. During non-fault operation(Background mode), the REL301/302 Microprocessor checks hardware, services the man-ma-

chine interface including communication port(s), and checks for a disturbances in voltage or cur-rent which indicates a potential fault. If a disturbance is seen, the program switches to the Fault

mode, for several power cycles, to perform phase and ground unit checks for each zone andlogic functions.

The REL301/302 relay program functions are shown in a flow chart loop Figure 1-6, which the

Microprocessor repeats 8 times per power cycle. Most functions are performed all of the time,in the background mode, as shown. An important detail (not shown in Figure 1-6) is that many

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of the checks are broken into small parcels, so that the whole complement of tasks is performed

over a one-cycle period (eight passes through the loop). Some checks are performed more thanonce per cycle (e.g. critical timers).

The REL301/302 sampling software has 8 states; these states correspond to the sampling rate(8 samples per cycle). Movement from state to state is controlled by a timer. The timer is loaded

with a state time at the beginning of the state.The code executed within a state must be com-pleted before the timer expires. The software then waits for the timer to time out. If the timer

expires before the code has completed execution, a time out error results, blocking relay trip-ping.

The fundamental frequency components are extracted from the samples (each cycle) and con-verted to voltage and current phasor values using a Fourier notch-filter algorithm. During the

process, the sum of squares of the inputs are accumulated to provide rms values of current andvoltage. The Fourier coefficients and sums are calculated for computing the phase angles. Thesum of squares and the sums of the Fourier coefficients are updated for each sample, using the

information from the previous seven samples, to provide a full cycle of data.

1.4.2 Fault Mode and Restricted Fault Tests

Upon entry into the fault mode, the sums of the Fourier coefficients and sum of squares fromthe background mode are stored. New sums are obtained, using fault data, to which offset com-

pensation has been applied.

To speed up tripping for severe faults, restricted fault testing is implemented. The last half cycle

of background mode input samples and the first half cycle of fault mode input samples are usedto compute the current and voltage vectors and rms values. No dc offset compensation is per-

formed. High-set instantaneous overcurrent and Zone-1 distance unit tests are executed. Re-stricted fault testing can speed up tripping by as much as one cycle for high current, close-infaults, up to approximately 50% of the setting reach.

Instantaneous overcurrent, inverse time overcurrent protection, and out-of-step blocking are

also conducted during the fault mode and background mode.

For Zone-2 and Zone-3 faults, impedance computation and checking will continue throughout

the specified time delay. The impedance calculation will be performed once every cycle, in thefault mode and then continued in the background mode.

1.4.3 Unique Characteristics of REL301/302

A unique characteristic of the REL301/302 system is its phase selection principle. It deter-mines the sum of positive and negative sequence currents for each phase by a novel method

which excludes the influence of pre-fault load current. From this information, the fault type canbe clearly identified and the actual distance to the fault can be estimated using a calculation

based on the selected fault type.

High-resistance ground-fault detectionis available in REL301/302. Sensitive directional pilot

tripping is activated through an FDOG Timer.The pilot ground distance unit is always activeand can have the priority for tripping dependent on the FDOG Timersetting.

Load-loss trippingentails high-speed, essentially simultaneous clearing at both terminals of

a transmission line for all fault types, except three-phase, without the need of a pilot channel.Any fault location on the protected circuit will be within the reach of the Zone-1 relays at one orboth terminals. This causes direct tripping of the local breaker without the need for any informa-

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tion from the remote terminal. The remote terminal recognizes the loss of load-current in theunfaulted phase(s) as evidence of tripping of the remote breaker. This, coupled with Zone-2 dis-

tance or directional overcurrent ground-fault recognition at the remote terminal, allows immedi-ate tripping to take place at that terminal by bypassing the remaining zone 2 delay time.

1.4.4 Self-checking Software

REL301/302 continuously monitors its ac input subsystems using multiple A/D converter cali-bration-check inputs, plus loss-of-potential and loss-of-current monitoring. Failures of the A/D

converter or any problem in a single ac channel, which unbalances non-fault inputs, causes analarm and blocks tripping. Self-checking software includes the following functions:

a. A/D Converter Check

b. Program Memory Checksum

Immediately upon power-up, the relay does a complete EPROM checksum of program

memory. After power-up, the REL301/302 continually computes the program memory

checksum.

c. Power-up Volatile RAM Check

Immediately upon power-up, the relay does a complete test of the RAM data memory. After

power-up, the REL301/302 continually performs the RAM check.

d. Non-volatile RAM Check

All front-panel-entered constants (settings) are stored in non-volatile RAM in three identical

arrays. These arrays are continuously checked by the program. If any of the three array

entrees disagree, a non-volatile RAM failure is detected.

1. 5. UNIQUE REMOTE COMMUNICATION PROGRAM (RCP)

Special remote communications software, RCP is provided for obtaining fault, metering and cur-rent settings data as well as sending data to the REL301/302. RCP can best be described as auser friendly way of using a personal computer (PC) to communicate with ABB protective relays

by way of pull-downs menus. By coupling a computer with the appropriate communicationshardware, it is possible to perform all relay setting and data interactions that are possible fromthe man-machine interface. RCP is requiredto communicate with the REL301/302 via the com-

munication port(s). Refer to RCP instruction manual, I.L. 40-603, for detailed information.

1.5.1 ABB Bulletin Board

The ABB Relay Division Bulletin Board (BBS) is now on line. To obtain the latest version of RCPsoftware, please call the ABB BBS via modem at:

(800) 338-0581 or (954) 755-3250

Using configuration settings 300-14,400 bits/second, 8 data bits, 1 stop bit, no parity and fullduplex. Once the connection is established and login is completed, choose L - Library of Files

from the TOP menu. Next, select D - Down Load File, from the Library of Files, RCPxxx.EXE(where xxx is the most recent version number e.g. 181 for version 1.81). RCPxxx.EXE is a com-

pressed, self extracting file which is expanded and installed by simply typing RCPxxx and fol-lowing the instructions.

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1. 6. SPECIFICATIONS

1.6.1 Technical

1.6.2 External Connections

Terminal blocks located on the rear of the chassis suitable for #14 square tongue lugs.

Wiring to FT-10 switches suitable for #12 wire lugs.

1.6.3 Contact Rating Data

Trip rated contacts - make & carry 30 amps for 1 second, 10 amps continuously, and break 50watts resistive or 25 watts with L/R =0.045 seconds. Trip rated contacts are:

Trips A1, A2

Programmable Contact OC1

Close outputs Close 1, Close 2

All other output contacts are non-trip rated - make and carry 3 amps continuously, and break0.1 amps resistive.

Operating Speed(from fault detection to trip contact close (60 Hz)

ac Voltage (VLn)

ac Current (In)

Rated Frequency

Maximum Permissible ac Voltage (Thermal Rating)

Continuous 10 Second

Maximum Permissible ac Current (Thermal Rating)

Continuous

1 Second

Minimum Operating Current

dc Battery Voltages

Nominal48/60 Vdc110/125 Vdc220/250 Vdc

dc Burdens: Battery

ac Burdens:

Voltage inputCurrent input

12 msec (minimum)26 msec (typical)

60 Hz 70 Volt rms50 Hz 63.5 Volt rms

1 or 5 Amp

50 or 60 Hz

1.5 x VLn2.5 x VLn

3 x In

100 x In

0.1 x In

Operating Range38-70 Volt dc88-145 Volt dc176- 290 Volt dc

7 Watts normal30 Watts tripping

0.02 VA at 70 Vac/phase0.15 VA at 5 A/phase

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All contacts support 1000 Vac across open contacts

Contacts also meet applicable standards: IEC - 255-6A, IEC - 255-12, IEC -255-16,

BS142-1982.

1.6.4 Chassis Dimensions And Weight

Height: 17.875" (453.7 mm)Width: 5.876" (149 mm)

Depth: 6.626" (168 mm)Weight: 24 lb (16 kg.)

For Horizontal Mount: 19 inch adapter plate is supplied

1.6.5 Environmental and Type Test Data

Ambient Temperature Range

For Operation -20C to +60C

For Storage -40C to +80C

Dielectric Test Voltage 2.8 kV, dc, 1 minute (ANSI C37.90.0, IEC 255-5)

Impulse Withstand Level 5 kV peak, 1.2/50 sec, 0.5 joule (IEC 255-5)

Fast Transient Surge Withstand Capability 4 kV, 5/50 nsec (IEC 255-22-6); 5kV 10/150 nsec

(ANSI C37.90.1)

Oscillatory Surge Withstand Capability 2.5 kV, 1 MHz (ANSI C37.90.1, IEC 255-22-4)

EMI Volts/Meter Withstand 25 MHz-1GHz, 10V/m Withstand (Proposed ANSI C37.90.2)

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MOUNTING

Horizontal - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - H

Vertical- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - V

TRIP3-Pole Trip - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 3

Self Polarized Ground Distance- - - - - - - - - - - - - - P

CURRENT

1 A - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - A5 A - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - B

BATTERY VOLTAGE48 Vdc - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 4

125 Vdc - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1250 Vdc - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 2

RECLOSING

Multi-shot Reclosing - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - RMulti-shot Reclosing w/sync-check, 70V* - - - - - - - - - S

Multi-shot Reclosing w/sync-check 120 V** - - - - - - - - TNone- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - N

PILOT SYSTEMPilot (REL302) - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - P

Non-Pilot (REL301)- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - N

PROGRAMMABLE CONTACT OUTPUTS

5 Contacts including one trip rated contact - - - - - - - - 55 Contacts same as above with 3V0T and P52a- - - - - - 1

None- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - N

COMMUNICATIONS PORT (PONI-Rear mounted)

INCOM- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - CRS-232C (Default) - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - RRS-232C with IRIG-B Input - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - B

FRONT PANEL INTERFACELCD Display - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - L

RS-232C port - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - RBoth - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - B

None- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - N

RELAY COLOR

Black (Default Color) - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -Beige - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - E

* 70V - Phase to neutral, Sync Input** 120V - Phase to phase, Sync Input

1.6.6 REL301/302 Catalog Numbers

M V 3 B 1 R N 1 C L

FT TEST PLUGTop or Bottom (Left or Right) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ID# 13B8453G05

TEST FIXTUREInner Chassis Test Fixture 5A. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ID# 2678F11G05

SOFTWARERemote Communications Program (RCP) . . . . . ID# SWRCP01OSCillographic And Recording (OSCAR). . . . . . ID# SWOSC01

COMMUNICATIONSCabling Kit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ID# 1504B78G01

VERTICAL/HORIZONTALConversion Kit. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ID# 2678F11G05

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Figure 1-2. REL301/302 Layout. (Vertical)

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1-11 Figure 1-3. REL301/302 Layout. (Horizontal)

8-32 FILLISTER HEAD S

(4 SUPPLIED)

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Figure 1-6 REL301/302 Relay Program Functions

ESK00252 dtp

POWER ON

-Initialization

-Self-ChecksMode =

Background

START

Sample V and I

dc Offset

Correction

Compute V and I

Phasors Using

Fourier Algorithm

Mode? Fault

Background

Disturbancein V or ?

Mode =

Fault

Relaying Calculations:Zone-1 and Pilot Zone

Pilot Logic and

Channel Control

No Fault for3 Cycles?

Mode =

Background

- Operator Panel Interface

- Hardware Self-Checks

N

Y

N

Y

Relaying Calculations

- Zone-2

- Zone-3

- Out-of-Step Blinders

- Inst. Overcurrent

- Ground Backup

- Phase Selector

Checks and Logic

- Non-Pilot Trip Logic- Loss-of-Pot. And Loss-of-Current- Data Communications- Contact Inputs

- Programmable Output Contact Update

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2. 1 INTRODUCTION

Both the REL301/302 relay systems detect faults in three zones of phase and ground distance.

Zones 1 and 2 are forward set, Zone-3 can be set forward or reverse. REL302 has a separatepilot zone (see Section 2-5).

The R-X Diagram, Figure 2-1, shows a composite of characteristics available with REL301/302.Zone-1 phase and ground settings are chosen to provide substantial coverage of the protectedline without overreaching the next bus. A setting of 80% of the line impedance is recommended.Faults occurring within the reach of the Zone-1 measurement cause direct tripping without re-gard to any action occurring at the remote terminal.

Zone-2 settings are chosen to assure that faults occurring on the next bus are detected. Settingsare chosen (independent of the Zone-1 settings), generally to be 120 to 150% of the line imped-ance. Any fault occurring on the protected line will be detected by this Zone-2 measurement(within the fault resistance and current limitations of the relaying system settings). Zone-2 trip-

ping occurs after a time delay of T2 Definite Time or T2 Torque Control Overcurrent Time, de-pendent on setting choice.

The Zone-3 measurement has a directional setting choice, and may be chosen to respond toforward or reverse faults. The reverse sensing option is used in conjunction with the T3 time de-lay, chosen to coordinate with adjacent terminal(s) Zone-2 timing. The forward sensing optionproduces time delayed backup to other devices sensing forward faults.

Blinder measurements (B1/B4, B2/B3) are available for out-of-step blocking. The inner blindersalso restrict the trip reach of all of the 3-phase fault measuring units (load restriction).

2. 2 LINE MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES

Line measurement techniques applied to each zone include:

Single-Phase-To-Ground fault detection

3-Phase fault detection

Phase-to-Phase fault detection

Phase-to-Phase-to-Ground fault detection

2.2.1 Single-Phase-to-Ground Fault

Single-phase-to-ground (G) fault detection (Figure 2-2) is accomplished by 3 quadrature po-larized phase units (ph-A, ph-B, ph-C). Equations 1 and 2 are for operating and reference quan-

tity, respectively. The unit will produce output when the operating quantity leads the referencequantity.

(1)

(2)

VXG IXZ0L Z1L

Z1L------------------------

I0+ ZCG

VQ

Section 2. FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION

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where VXG = VAG, VBG, or VCG

IX = IA, IBor IC

Z1L, Z0L = Positive and zero sequence line impedance in secondary ohms.

I0 = 1/3(IA+IB+IC)

ZCG = Zone reach setting (Zone1 G, Zone2 G, Zone3 G and Pilot

G)

1

in secondary ohms for G faultVQ = Quadrature phase voltages, VCB, VACand VBAfor A, B and C

units, respectively.

2.2.2 Three-Phase Fault

Three-phase (3) fault detection(Figure 2-3) is accomplished by the logic operation of one ofthe three ground units, plus the 3 fault output signal from the faulted phase selector unit. How-ever, for a 3-phase fault condition, the distance unit computation will not include zero sequencecompensation. Equations 3 and 4 are for operating and reference quantity, respectively. The unitwill produce output when the operating quantity leads the reference quantity.

VXG- IXZCP (3)

VQ (4)

where VXG = VAG, VBG, or VCG

IX = IA, IB or IC

ZCP = Zone reach setting (Zone1 , Zone2 , Zone3 and Pilot

) in secondary ohms for multi-phase faults.

VQ = Quadrature phase voltages, VCB, VACand VBA for A, B and C

units, respectively.

2.2.3 Phase-to-Phase Fault

The phase-to-phase () unit(Figure 2-4)responds to all phase-to-phase faults, and somesingle-phase-to-ground faults. Equations 5 and 6 are for operating and reference quantity, re-spectively. They will produce output when the operating quantity leads the reference quantity.

(VAB- IABZCP) (5)

(VCB- ICBZCP) (6)

where ZCP = Zone reach setting (Zone1 , Zone2 , Zone3 andPilot ) in

secondary ohms for multi-phase faults.

2. 3 MEASUREMENT ZONES

Both REL301 and 302 perform line protection measurements for 3 zones of the transmissionline (Zone-1, Zone-2, Zone-3), and for one optional pilot zone in REL302. When the REL301 or302 system type setting SystTypeis set to Non Pilot, it will perform 3-zone non-pilot pro-tection.

When REL301 and 302 trip, the trip contacts will be sealed-in as long as the trip coil current ex-ists. The trip contact dropout can be delayed by 50 milliseconds, after the trip current is re-moved, by inserting jumper JP4 on the Microprocessor module. See Figure 5-3for location.

1. Bold type in quotation marks indicates LCD display quantity.

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2.3.1 Zone-1 Trip (Figure 2-5)

For Zone-1 phase faults, the Z1P units will identify the fault and operate. The 3 fault logic issupervised by the load restriction logic via AND131C at AND 131. Oversight of zone-1 3 triplogic, via AND 131, includes supervision by the selectable out-of-step blocking (OSB) logic (seeSection 2.4.16) and directional supervised, by the Forward Directional Overcurrent Phase units

(FDOPA, FDOPB and FDOPC) for more security during close-in faults. OSB supervision is byboth the OSB logic and the subsequent OSB logic if the option is supplied and is enabled bysettingOS Blockto YES. Additional 3 fault logic supervision is by way of fault detectorovercurrent input (IM) and loss of potential supervision (LOPBS) at AND 2. Loss of potential su-pervision is enabled by setting LOP Blkto either Yesor All.

Z1P 3 output satisfies AND 2B, if Zone1 is set to any value other than Disabled,afterthe zone-1 time delay T1 (T1 Timerif set) has expired and provides a high-speed trip (HST)signal, via OR 2, to operate the trip output relay. The trip circuit is monitored by a seal-in reedrelay (S), which is in-series with each tripping contact circuit. The S relay will pick up if the tripcurrent is higher than 0.5 Amp. The operation of the S contact will turn-on the breaker trip indi-cators (for fault records), and feeds back to OR 4 to hold the trip relay in operation until the powercircuit breaker (PCB) trips and the PCBs 52a contact opens (not shown inFigure 2-5). In the

event a longer duration trip output is required, trip contact dropout can be delayed an additional50 milliseconds, after the trip current is removed, by inserting jumper JMP4 (JP4 on the Micro-processor module). See Figure 5-3for location. The trip seal (TRSL) signal plus the output sig-nal from AND 2B turns on the Zone-1 phase trip indicator Zone1 , for targeting plus ZONE-12

andMLEDs. The breaker trip and Zone-1 phase trip indicators information is stored and/orsealed in. They can be reset by external RESET3voltage or through remote communications.However pushing the RESETpush-button, will only return the display to METERmode and re-set the flashing LEDs, but the fault target information will remain in memory.

Similar operation occurs for Zone-1 single-phase-to-ground faults. The Z1G units (A, B andC) detect faults and operate AND 132, AND 133 or AND134 which are supervised by overcur-rent fault detector IOM and ground directional unit FDOG (forward directional overcurrentground). Zone-1 ground logic AND 3 is also supervised by the signals of NOT RDOG (reverse

directional overcurrent ground) or NOT UNEQUAL POLE CLOSING or NOT LOPBS. Thesesignals add security from incorrect operations for close-in reverse faults or operations resultingfrom PCB pole misalignment errors or loss of potential, respectively. Z1G output satisfies AND3B, if Zone1 Gis set to any value other than Disabled,after the zone-1 time delay T1 (T1Timerif set) has expired and provides a high-speed trip (HST) signal, via OR 2, to operate thetrip relay. The trip seal (TRSL) signal plus the output signal from AND 3B turns on the Zone-1ground trip indicator Zone-1 G, for targeting plus ZONE-1 andA,Bor CLEDs. Zone-1ground trip indicator information is stored and/or sealed in.

A two-out-of-three leading phase blocking logic is included to solve the overreach problem ofthe single-phase ground distance units, when and if they respond to aphase-to-phase-to-ground (G) fault.

The high-speed trip (HST) signal also is connected to the reclosing initiation logic.

2.3.2 Zone-2 Trip (Figure2-6)

For Zone-2 phase faults, the appropriate Z2P unit will detect the fault and operate the Zone-2phase timer. The timer, denoted T2P in Figure 2-6can be selected to be either a definite timedelay or a torque controlled, inverse time overcurrent delay (CO type) characteristic*.

2. Bold italic type indicates an output e.g. LEDs or contact output3. Bold type, with small capital letters, indicates an input e.g. RESET push-button or voltage input

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*Note:the curves commonly used with electromechanical (e/m) overcurrent relays are a com-

posite, average result of considerable testing. Overcurrent characteristics utilized in the

REL301/302 are the result of calculations which do not exactly emulate e/m overcurrent relay

characteristics. Also it should be noted that the time dial setting differs from e/m overcurrent re-

lays. E/m relays have a continuously adjustable time dial. REL301/302 attempts to emulate this

feature by providing time dial settings of 1 to 63 with the middle of the time dial range being

24 (e/m approximate equivalent of time dial 5).

Timer type selection is a function of setting T2 Typewith choices of Definite Time or

Torque Control. T2 Time is the related Definite Timeduration setting. T2 CV,

T2 PkUp and T2 TCare the related Torque Controlovercurrent delay settings. Each

overcurrent delay has a choice of time delay (Reset) or instantaneous (Instant) reset. Z2P out-

puts (via AND 4) plus the T2P timer output satisfy AND 18. outputs satisfy AND 2B, The AND

18 output provides TDT via OR 3 if Zone-2 is set to any value other than Disabled. Signal

TDT satisfies OR 4 (Figure 2-5) and operates the trip relay. Load restriction, out of step blocking

loss of potential and overcurrent supervision are similar to zone-1. The tripping and targeting

are similar to Zone-1 trip, except for the Zone-2 phase time delay trip indicator Zone-2

Similar operation occurs for Zone-2 single-phase-to-ground faults. The Z2G units, OR 151 out-

put, detects the fault and operates T2G timer. T2G timer options of Definite Time or Torque

Control are identical to zone-2 phase time delays described above. Operation of IOM AND

FDOG plus operation of T2G provide the TDT signal via OR 3 with Zone-2 ground time delay

trip indicator.

The single-phase ground distance units may respond to a G fault. The output of the Z2G unit

plus the operation of the selection will trip the Zone-2 via OR 157, T2P (T2 Time) and

AND 18. Leading phase blocking, utilized in zone-1 trip logic, is unnecessary for overreaching

zones.

The TDT signal is connected to the reclosing block logic.

The settings for Zone-2 timers (phase and ground) are independent, and selected via the man

machine interface as follows:

If T2q/ Typeand/or T2G Typeare selected as Definite Timethen Table 2settings ap-

ply:

Table 1:

T2Typeand

T2G Type

Blocked Definite Timeor

Torque Control

Table 2:

T2Typeand

T2G Type

0.10 to2.99 Sec (Seconds)

0.10 to2.99 sec(Seconds

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If T2 Typeand/or T2G Typeare selected as Torque Controlthen Tables 3, 4 and5

settings apply:

2.3.3 Zone-3 Trip (Figure 2-7)

For Zone-3, phase faults, the Z3P (Zone-3) logic will identify faults in the forward or reverse

direction, depending on the Zone-3setting, and operate the Zone-3 phase timer T3P. The

Z3P output plus the T3P timer output satisfy AND 20 similar to zone-2. The AND 20 output pro-

vides TDT via OR 3. Signal TDT satisfies OR 4 (Figure 2-5) and operates the trip relay. Load

restriction, out of step blocking loss of potential and overcurrent supervision are similar to

zone-1. The tripping and targeting are similar to Zone-1 and Zone-2 trip, except for the Zone-3

phase time delay trip indicator Zone-3 .

For Zone-3 single-phase-to-ground faults, Z3G identifies the fault and operates. Z3G, plus op-

eration of IOM, satisfies AND 7; operates T3G which provides the TDT signal via OR 3 with

Zone-3 ground time delay trip indicator delay trip indicator Zone-3 G. For security, the Z3G logic

is also supervised by the signal of FDOG, when Z3G is set forward or by the signal of RDOG

when Z3G is set reverse via logic OR 171B, AND 171C or AND 171D.

Operation for Zone-3 G faults is similar to Zone-2, and is via OR 170, T3P and AND 20 gates.

The TDT signal is connected to the reclosing block logic.

The settings for Zone-3 timers (phase and ground) are independent, and as follows:

T3P Zone-3 phase timer (T3 ) 0.1 to 9.99 seconds or Blocked

T3G Zone-3 ground timer(T3 G) 0.1 to 9.99 seconds or Blocked

Either Zone-3 phase or Zone-3 ground function(s) can be disabled by settingZone-3 and/or

Zone-3 Gto the Disabled setting choice or by setting zone-3 phase and/or ground timers

to Blocked.

Table 3:

T2 CVand

T2G CV

C0-2; C0-5; C0-6; C0-7; C0-8; C0-9; C0-11

Reset or Instant

Table 4:

T2 PkUpand

T2G PkUp

0.50 to10.00 Amps

0.50 to10.00 Amps

Table 5:

T2 TCand

T2G TC

1- 63

1- 63

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2.3.4 Zone-1 Extension (Figure 2-8)

This scheme provides a higher speed operation on end zone-faults without the application of apilot channel.

If the REL301/302 SystTypesetting is set to Zone-1 Extension, the zone-1 phase/zone-1

ground (Z1P/Z1G) unit will provide two outputs; one is overreach which is set at 1.25 x Z1 reachby the microprocessor, and one is the normal Z1 reach. A single shot instantaneous reclosingdevice should be used when applying this scheme. The targets Zone-1 /Zone-1G will indicateeither Z1 tr ip and/or Z1E trip operations. The other functions (e.g., Z2T, Z3T, ac trouble monitor-ing, overcurrent supervision, unequal-pole closing/ load pickup control, LL trip, etc.) would func-tion the same as in the basic scheme.

For a remote internal fault, either Z1P or Z1G will detect the fault since they are set to overreach.High speed trip will be performed via the normal Zone-1 path (Figure 2-5). HST signal operatesthe instantaneous reclosing scheme. The breaker recloses and stays closed if the fault hascleared.

Target Zone-1 and/or Zone-1 G will be displayed. Once the breaker trip circuit carries current,

TRSL operates the 0/5000 timer and satisfies AND 26 for 5000 milliseconds (Figure 2-8). Theoutput signal of AND 26 will trigger the Zone-1 /Zone-1 G reach circuit, constricting theirreaches back to the normal Zone-1 reaches for 5000 milliseconds. During the reach constrictingperiods, if the breaker is reclosed on a Zone-1 permanent fault, it will retrip again. If the breakeris reclosed on an end-zone zone permanent fault, the normal Z2T time delay trip will take place.

For a remote external fault, either Z1P or Z1G will detect the fault since they are set to overreach.High speed trip will be performed. HST signal operates the instantaneous reclosing scheme.The breaker recloses and stays closed if the fault has been isolated by the adjacent line breaker.However, if the adjacent line breaker fails to trip, the normal Zone-2 back up will take place.

NOTE: The reaches of Z1E are based on the Zone-1 settings multiplied by a factor of

1.25.

2. 4 NON-PILOT OPERATION

The following features are standard with the REL301/302.

2.4.1 3-Zone Distance Phase and Ground Relay with Reversible Zone-3 Phase and Ground

There are four impedance units per zone: one phase-to-phase unit and three phase-to-groundunits. Zone-3 can be set to forward or reverse for carrier keying or back-up tripping in pilot sys-tem applications.

2.4.2 Inverse Time Overcurrent Ground Backup (Figure 2-9)

The overcurrent ground backup (GB) unit is to supplement the distance ground protection. Itprovides an inverse time characteristic which is similar to the conventional CO characteristics*(Figures 2-32 through 2-38). The time curves, with a choice of time delay (Reset) or instanta-neous (Instant) reset characteristic, can be selected by the GB TypeSetting. The time dial isset by the GBT Curvevalue. The unit can be selected as directional by using the GB DIR.setting and the pickup value is set byGB Pickup. The directional GB function uses the torquecontrol approach, as shown. The GB function can be disabled by setting the GB Typeto Dis-abled.

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Note: The curves commonly used with electromechanical (e/m) overcurrent relays area composite, average result of considerable testing. Overcurrent characteristicsutilized in the REL301/302 are the result of calculations which do not exactly em-ulate e/m overcurrent relay characteristics. Also it should be noted that the timedial setting differs from e/m overcurrent relays. E/m relays have a continuouslyadjustable time dial. REL301/302 attempts to emulate this feature by providingtime dial settings of 1 to 63 with the middle of the time dial range being 24 (e/mapproximate equivalent of time dial 5).

The directional unit polarization is determined by the setting of Dir Typewhich can be set toZero Sequence; zero sequence voltage, Dual Polariz;zero sequence voltage and/or zerosequence current, or Negative Sequ negative sequence voltage and negative sequence cur-rent (see Section 2.4.11, Selectable Ground Directional Unit, Zero Sequence / Negative Se-qu/Dual Polariz).

2.4.3 Loss of Potential Supervision (Figure 2-10)

The ac voltage monitoring circuit is referred to as the loss-of-potential (LOP) circuit. In order toprevent undesirable tripping due to the distance unit(s) operation on loss-of-potential, the follow-ing logic is used:

(VANor VBNor VCN7Vac) and notI or not (3IO>IOS)

This means that the LOP Block will be set if any one of the phase voltages is below 7 Vac (with-outI), or if the system detects 3Vo without 3Io (or 3IO> IOS) and without 52b as shown. Theloss-of-potential condition satisfies AND 1. The output signal of AND 1 starts the 8/0 millisecondtimer. The timer output pickups the 0/500 millisecond timer and satisfies AND 1C if there is nooutput from AND 1B. Output signal of AND 1C will block all the distance unit tripping paths viaAND 2, AND 3, AND 4, AND 5, AND 6, AND 172 (also blocks AND 191 and AND 187 for PilotSystems), if LOP Blkis set to YES.All distance units are blocked from tripping but, theground backup, regardless of it directional setting, and high-set overcurrent units (Inst and Inst

G) are operative and converted to non-directional operation automatically. If LOP Blk is setto All, all distance and overcurrent tripping functions will be blocked via AND 8 (Figure 2-5)and the Protection In Service LED will go out. Loss of potential blocking function can be disabledby setting the LOP Blk to Noand the output of the LOP timer will operate the Alarm 1 relay(Failure Alarm) only.

When applying the LOP Blkto YES, it is the intent to block all distance units from tripping,should LOP condition exist. However, under a special system condition (refer to Figure 2-11),both circuits are energized without load current; with no source at terminal B, fault near terminalA, Zone-2 relay at terminal B will be blocked by LOP, and may fail to trip. This is because therelay at B sees no current, and a low voltage condition exists before circuit breaker A opens.Another special system condition involves two parallel lines with a symmetrical sources at both

terminals. For an evolving flashover fault, at a point equidistant from both terminals, the conven-tional LOP logic will block trip, because the first external fault generates 3V0 and not 3I0on theprotected line. Logic AND 1A, 1B, 1C, and 1E 150/0, 3500/200 millisecond timers circuit (in Figure2-10) are for solving these problems. This logic unblocks the LOP circuit and provides a 3500ms trip window for the distance units to trip if the fault current is detected within 150 ms afterLOP has been set. This logic has will be blocked (will have no effect) for the following conditions:

ifI signal occurs ahead of LOP, or

if LOP andI signals occur simultaneously

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2.4.4 Loss of Current Supervision (Figure 2-12)

The ac current monitoring circuit uses IOM and NOT Vo as criterion, as shown. Under ct shortcircuit or open circuit condition, IOM and NOT Vo satisfies AND 23; the output signal of AND 23starts the 10/0.5 second timer. The timer output turns ON the non-memory LOI indicator, whichcan be displayed in the Metering mode, and operates the Alarm 1 relay (Failure Alarm). If the

LOI condition exists and LOI Blk(LOIB) is set to YES, all trip output will be blocked after the10 second timer times out.

2.4.5 Fault Detector Overcurrent Supervision (Figure 2-13)

For REL301/302, the distance units do not require overcurrent supervision since the relay nor-mally operates in a background mode, zone-1 and pilot impedance computation will not startuntil a phase current or a phase voltage disturbance is detected. This approach minimizes theload current problem when setting the phase overcurrent units. However in order to meet thetraditional practice, a medium set phase overcurrent unit IM(any phase IAM, IBM, ICM) supervisesZone-1, Zone-2, Zone-3 and Pilot trip functions. This option should not be set to limitZone-3 reach, and traditionally should be set above the load current.

For coordination purposes the ground trip units Z1G, Z2G, Z3G, PLTG, and FDOG are super-vised by the medium set ground overcurrent unit (IOM). The IOS logic and RDOG are used forcarrier send in a Pilot Blocking system (REL302).

2.4.6 Highset Overcurrent Trip (Figure 2-14)

The instantaneous overcurrent units (IAH, IBH, ICH and IOH) are forward directional and sethigh to detect those faults which occur in the Zone-1, therefore, their tripping will occur via OR2 since these trips are classified as high speed trips. These high set trip functions can be dis-abled by setting the Inst (ITP) phase and/or Inst G(ITG) ground to Disabled. The di-rectional characteristic of Inst and Inst G will be automatically converted to non-directionalprotection if the LOP condition occurs and the setting of LOP Blk is YESor will be blockedif LOP Blk is ALL.

2.4.7 Close-Into-Fault Trip (CIFT Figure 2-15a)

There are three low voltage units (LVA, LVB and LVC) in REL301/302. Each unit senses thephase voltage condition in the background mode. The units can be set (Low V) from 40 to 60volts, in 1.0 volt steps. For any phase voltage below the set value, the LV logic will produce alogic 1 output signal. The low voltage units are used in CIFT and the pilot weakfeed logic inREL302.

In order to supplement distance unit operation, when the circuit breaker is closed into a fault andline side potential is used, the Close-Into-Fault Trip logic operates as shown in Figure 2-15a. Itincludes logic AND 22, 100/180 millisecond and 16/0 millisecond timers. If any overcurrent unit(IAL, IBL, ICL or IOM) operates OR 11, at the same time as one of the phase voltages (VA,VB,VC) is below the preset level of the LV units, (for 180 ms) after circuit breaker closing (52bcontact opens), then logic AND 22 is satisfied and produces a trip signal. Tripping is classifiedas Time Delay Trip, via OR 3, (Figure 2-6, 2-7) which will produce a Reclose Block signal anda CIF Trip target. CIF Trip has three setting possibilities: CIF Trip,No CIF Trip(dis-able), or CIF Trip w/Delay(enable with time delay insertion). The application of close into faultwith time delay, is explained in the following paragraphs.

A modified close into fault logic is employed for the special application shown in Figure 2-15b.Two relays, looking in opposite directions, control a single breaker, share a single 52b input

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and a common set of voltage transformers. Each relay trips the main breaker and the powertransformer secondary breaker, for faults on the line section being protected (e.g. relay #2 trips52 and 52-2). Classic close into fault logic produced false tripping of one secondary breaker(transformer on the unfaulted line section) upon reclosing after a trip, if the fault persisted. Thiswas due to arming of the non-directional, close into fault logic by the common (main breaker)52b, in the relay which did not detect the fault.

The 200/0 millisecond timer delays the arming and hence operation of the close into fault logicduring main breaker reclosing. The choice of 200 milliseconds was selected to be greater thanthe 180 milliseconds reset of the 52b, but less than minimum reclose dead time of an instanta-neous reclose. To utilize this logic, the following application rules apply:

1) For relay 1 with bus-side potential,that is cts and vts on the same side of the main break-er, setCIF Trip to No CIF Trip. When bus-side potential is used, close into fault logicis not needed and could misoperate, under certain circumstances, if enabled.

2) For relay 2 with line-side potential, that is cts and vts on opposite sides of the main break-er, set CIF Trip to CIF Trip w/delay. The minimum reclose dead time must be greaterthan 200 milliseconds or close into fault tripping will be delayed, and it is possible no close

into fault trip will occur when reclosing onto a fault.3) Loss of potential block logic,LOP Blk must be set to Yes or No not ALL. For the

setting of LOP Blk ALL, the relay may not trip during reclosing onto fault since loss ofpotential may set and block tripping.

Standard close into fault trip logic, without time delay, should be selected for all applications withline side potential other than this two-relay-one-breaker scheme configuration.

2.4