Table of contents

Part 1. Storage management concepts

Chapter 1. Introduction to IBM Tivoli Storage ManagerChapter 2. Business requirementsChapter 3. Architectural conceptsChapter 4. Planning concepts

Part 2. Client architecture

Chapter 5. Client data movement methodsChapter 6. Backup-archive clientChapter 7. API clientChapter 8. HSM solutions

Part 3. Server architecture

Chapter 9. Policy managementChapter 10. SchedulingChapter 11. Data storageChapter 12. Managing users and security levelsChapter 13. LicensingChapter 14. Enterprise ManagementChapter 15. High availability clusteringChapter 16. Disaster Recovery ManagerChapter 17. Reporting

Part 4. Complementary products

Chapter 18. IBM Tivoli Continuous Data Protection for FilesChapter 19. IBM Tivoli Storage Manager for DatabasesChapter 20. IBM Tivoli Storage Manager for MailChapter 21. IBM Tivoli Storage Manager solutions for mySAPChapter 22. IBM Tivoli Storage Manager for ApplicationsChapter 23. Complementary products

Part 5. Appendixes

Appendix A. Planning and sizing worksheets

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PART 1TIVOLI STORAGE MANAGEMENT CONCEPTS

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Infrastructure management

For an organization's information technology, infrastructure management (IM) is the management of essential operation components, such as policies, processes, equipment, data, human resources, and external contacts, for overall effectiveness. Infrastructure management is sometimes divided into categories of systems management, network management, and storage management. Infrastructure management products are available from a number of vendors including Hewlett-Packard, IBM, and Microsoft.

Among other purposes, infrastructure management seeks to:

Reduce duplication of effort Ensure adherence to standards Enhance the flow of information throughout an information system Promote adaptability necessary for a changeable environment Ensure interoperability among organizational and external entities Maintain effective change management policies and practices

Although all business activities depend upon the infrastructure, planning and projects to ensure its effective management are typically undervalued to the detriment of the organization. According to IDC, a prominent research firm (cited in an article in DMReview), investments in infrastructure management have the largest single impact on an organization's revenue.

IBM Tivoli Storage Manager demo

Tivoli Storage Manager is a comprehensive data management solution that combines maximum efficiency and reliability with minimal hassle. Our online demo will show you why 80 percent of Fortune 500 companies agree.Tivoli Storage Manager provides smart backups and quick restores. You'll have all the options you need to manage data in the way that works best for you. Perform full or incremental backups, even backup only new or changed files. By selecting the type of backup that best meets your requirements, you'll reduce backup time, network traffic, and storage requirements.Tivoli Storage Manager increases productivity, enabling fewer workers to back up more data in less time, and then move on to other tasks. Tivoli Storage Manager performs financially, too. In fact, a sample of large IT firms using Tivoli Storage Manager showed return-on-investment periods averaging around one year, and experienced an overall potential benefit of up to 45 times their initial investment. Now that's money well spent.But don't take our word for it. Take Tivoli Storage Manager for a test drive. We're sure you'll like

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Abstract

Tivoli Enterprise Data Warehouse is a brand new product from Tivoli, which allows customers to get cross application reports from various Tivoli and customer applications. The infrastructure enables a set of extract, transform, and load (ETL) utilities to extract and move data from Tivoli application data stores to a central data warehouse database. This redbook gives a broad understanding of the Tivoli Enterprise Data Warehouse. Some of the topics that are covered in this redbook are:

Concepts behind the Tivoli Enterprise Data Warehouse Architecture and installation Tips for using the Report Interface Writing your own ETLs Best practices in creating data marts Integrating Tivoli Enterprise Data Warehouse with OLAP tools such as Brio,

Business Objects, and Cognos PowerPlay Implementing a multi-customer environment Operational considerations and troubleshooting

Most of the topics are explained using real customer implementations. We think that this redbook will be a major reference for Tivoli specialists and customers who are responsible for implementing Tivoli Enterprise Data Warehouse in a real environment that way it handles.

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IBM TIVOLI STORAGE MANAGEMENT CONCEPTS

Overview

See how IBM Tivoli Storage Manager can improve your IT operations Learn how to protect your vital applications and data

Understand all aspects of storage management

This IBM Redbook describes the features and functions of IBM Tivoli Storage Manager. It introduces Tivoli Storage Management concepts for those new to storage management, in general, and to IBM Tivoli Storage Manager, in particular.

This easy-to-follow guide gives a broad understanding of IBM Tivoli Storage Manager software, the key technologies to know, and the solutions available to protect your business. It offers a broad understanding of how IBM Tivoli Storage Manager will work in heterogeneous environments including Windows, UNIX/Linux, OS/400, and z/OS platforms, and with such mission-critcal applications as DB/2, Oracle, Lotus Domino, Exchange, SAP, and many more.

The book introduces storage management software by explaining the concepts, architecture, and systems management features of IBM Tivoli Storage Manager and showing available complementary products. It will help you design solutions to protect data holdings from losses ranging from those caused by user error to complete site disasters.

Abstract

This IBM Redbook describes the features and functions of IBM Tivoli Storage Manager. It introduces Tivoli Storage Management concepts for those new to storage management, in general, and to IBM Tivoli Storage Manager, in particular.

This easy-to-follow guide gives a broad understanding of IBM Tivoli Storage Manager software, the key technologies to know, and the solutions available to protect your business. It offers a broad understanding of how IBM Tivoli Storage Manager will work in heterogeneous environments including Windows, UNIX/Linux, OS/400, and z/OS platforms, and with mission-critical applications such as DB/2, Oracle, Lotus Domino, Exchange, SAP, and many more.

The book introduces storage management software by explaining the concepts, architecture, and systems management features of IBM Tivoli Storage Manager and showing available complementary products. It will help you design solutions to protect data holdings from losses ranging from those caused by user error to complete site disasters.

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Chapter 1.

Introduction to IBM Tivoli Storage Manager

IBM Tivoli Storage Manager is a full-function storage software product that addresses the challenges of complex storage management across distributed environments. It protects and manages a broad range of data, from the workstation to the corporate server environment. More than 39 different operating platforms are supported; all include a consistent graphical user interface (GUI). Tivoli Storage Manager provides:

Centralized administration for data and storage management Efficient management of information growth

High-speed automated server recovery

Full compatibility with hundreds of storage devices, as well as LAN, WAN, and SAN infrastructures

Customized backup solutions for major groupware, enterprise resource planning (ERP) applications, and database products

1.1. Features of IBM Tivoli Storage Manager

IBM Tivoli Storage Manager protects an organization's data against hardware failures and other errors by storing backup and archive copies of data in offline storage. It can scale to protect hundreds of computers from laptops to mainframes, running a dozen different operating systems, connected via the Internet, WANs, or LANs. The centralized Web-based management, smart data move and store techniques, and comprehensive policy-based automation work together to minimize data protection administration costs and the impact on both computers and networks. Optional modules enable business-critical applications that must run 24x7x365 to utilize IBM Tivoli Storage Manager centralized data protection with no interruption to their service.

1.2.Progressive backup methodology

Saves time and disk space by backing up only new files and modified files. The progressive backup feature uses its own relational database to track data wherever it is stored, delivering direct one-step file restore. This eliminates the need for base-plus-incrementals tapes, commonly used for restore procedures in other storage management products.

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Chapter 2

Business requirements

In this chapter we discuss business requirements and the need to define them for better understanding of your total storage management solution design. This chapter gives you a view of the impact your solution will or will not have on your business.

Over time, as storage systems have evolved and customers have experienced certain growth in their business, a common thread arises regardless of the industry. These growing problems have been grouped into four categories. Regardless of the customer, each business will at one time or another experience one, several, or all of these problems.

2.1. Storage consolidation

In an environment comprised of distributed servers and fragmented storage, storage capacity is often underutilized, and reallocating or reconfiguring storage resources often causes both disruptions and downtime. How do you improve asset utilization, lower operating costs by centralizing capital and people, and automatically reallocate storage resources as your business needs dictate? IBM Storage Network Solutions address consolidation needs with solutions for all sizes of enterprises, based on the broad range of NAS, NAS Gateway, iSCSI and SAN products and services, and IBM Tivoli Storage Management Software.

IBM Storage Network Solutions offer the following storage-consolidation benefits:

2.2. Data sharing

In today's e-commerce-driven business climate, information is stockpiling at an unprecedented pace. The challenge is to make this stored information available on demand to anyone in an enterprise who needs it. How do you increase network response time, improve hardware and software utilization, reduce data duplication, and improve information availability and data currency? IBM Storage Network Solutions offer Tivoli SANergy™, which enables sharing of SAN-based storage arrays, file systems, and files across multiple systems simultaneously.

2.3. Data protection

As the value of strategic information rises, so does the value of fast, reliable backup. How do you free up server cycles, offload your data network, provide mission-critical backup/restore, and better utilize expensive storage resources? IBM meets critical data protection requirements with complete IBM Storage Network Solutions for all sizes of enterprises, based on the broad range of IBM NAS, NAS Gateway, iSCSI and SAN products and services, and IBM Tivoli Storage Management Software.

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2.4. Disaster recovery

Losing access to a key division or enterprise data repository because of a disaster can cost a business in both the short and long terms. When strategic information drives success and business is conducted 24x7x365, any downtime can be costly. To design a disaster tolerance-strategy with no single point of failure that can easily and flexibly accommodate an evolving business, using IBM Storage Network Solutions presents a full range of hardware, software, and services offerings to address disaster-tolerance needs.

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Chapter 3

Architectural concepts

This chapter gives a high-level technical introduction to IBM Tivoli Storage Manager. It positions IBM Tivoli Storage Manager within the total IBM Tivoli Storage Management Solution, provides an overview of its architecture, the base concepts, the interfaces, and supported environments, and shows IBM Tivoli Storage Manager interaction with other products of the IBM Tivoli Storage Management product set.

3.1. IBM Tivoli Storage Management Enterprise Solution

Data has become the key asset of companies and one of the most important competitive differentiating factors. Temporary inaccessibility or, worse, the complete loss of data has a huge financial impact and can even drive companies out of business. The inability to manage data can limit a company's ability to grow. Storing, protecting, and managing data growth has become one of the major challenges of today's businesses.

Based on this requirement, IBM defined its Information Integrity Initiative: "The IBM Tivoli Storage Management Initiative provides an end-to-end software management solution with proven methodologies to help customers link storage management policies with key business practices, to enable them to use information to drive business, rather than simply support it."

3.2. IBM Tivoli Storage Manager architecture

IBM Tivoli Storage Manager is implemented as a client-server software application consisting of an IBM Tivoli Storage Manager server software component, IBM Tivoli Storage Manager Backup-Archive client, and other complementary IBM Tivoli and vendor software products.

3.2.1. Overview

IBM Tivoli Storage Manager server software, illustrated in Figure 3-2 on page 31, builds the data management backbone by:

Figure 3-2. IBM Tivoli Storage Manager server

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3.3. Storage management

Applying the discipline of storage management, combined with the appropriate technology and a well-crafted set of storage management best practices, can provide significant business value by helping enterprises increase revenues and decrease costs. This section discusses common approaches to storage management as well as best practices that can be used to enhance the business value of both storage technology and stored data. It also discusses the key functionality to consider when selecting a storage management product.

3.3.1. Best practices

The following sections describe some common approaches to best practices in the storage management area.

Introduction

The exploding growth of corporate data combined with the falling price of storage has created both an opportunity and a challenge for ITmanagers. More-affordable storage technology enables IT managers to buy more storage devices for rapidly increasing volumes of corporate data, but managing these expanding storage networks becomes a complex, resource-intensive task. In many organizations, storage management is executed without strategy, reducing cost-effectiveness and efficiency.

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Applying the discipline of storage management, combined with the appropriate technology and a well-crafted set of storage management best practices, can provide significant business value by helping enterprises increase revenues and decrease costs. This paper discusses common approaches to storage management as well as best practices that can be used to enhance the business value of both storage technology and stored data. It also discusses the key functionality to consider when selecting a storage management product.

3.4. Conclusion

IBM Tivoli Storage Manager is a complete storage management solution that is designed to use many components to handle individual circumstances and special needs. As we move forward we will see that IBM Tivoli Storage Manager is uniquely designed to provide a compete and full solution. As we all know, no one product will be able to resolve every problem or handle every situation. IBM Tivoli Storage Manager is constantly adding and filling in gaps and weakness with new features and add on products to fulfill your storage management solution needs.

We move forward to planning and the importance of ensuring that your goals and requirements are realistic and obtainable with the hardware, software, and resources at your disposal.

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Chapter 4

Planning concepts

This chapter gives a view of some of the planning that is required for successful IBM Tivoli Storage Manager implementation. It helps assess the business's requirements and assists in planning for necessary resources.

4.1. Most important: planning

One of the things that makes IBM Tivoli Storage Manager such a great tool for storage management is that it can be customized to fit business requirements, instead of requiring a business to conform to its requirements.

A successful implementation of IBM Tivoli Storage Manager benefits enormously from planning prior to attempting to set up the environment. The planning for which equipment you will need such as hardware platform, size of processor, network connectively and tape library should all be done prior to trying to make IBM Tivoli Storage Manager work in an environment that may not be suitable.

4.2. Understanding the importance of your data

Most companies do not really understand their business needs when it comes to backups and data storage. Almost everyone you speak to about backup and restores will tell you that they make a full backup of everything every week and keep it for three or four weeks, and during the week they make backups of changes and keep those until the next full backup. This was call the grandfather, father, son method of backup rotation. It required lots of time to complete, used lots of tapes, and was only as good as the person who guessed at the requirements.

Your business needs vary based on many factors, including government regulations, regional demands, and industry and competitive pressures. Backup and restore needs vary from industry to industry, from division to division, and even from department to department within the same company.

4.3. Planning for IBM Tivoli Storage Manager

In order to plan for IBM Tivoli Storage Manager in your environment you need to understand your environment and how IBM Tivoli Storage Manager will be used in that environment. Each component of IBM Tivoli Storage Manager has specific requirements that relate to the overall planning of the solution. For example, the IBM Tivoli Storage Manager database has to be planned out before allocation in order to ensure proper size and performance considerations—keeping in mind that for each record or file that IBM Tivoli Storage Manager backs up, 800 bytes of information are written to the database about that file. You also should know that each copy of the backed-up file records an additional 200 bytes of information into the database.

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Each IBM Tivoli Storage Manager component has unique properties to learn, and as your experience with IBM Tivoli Storage Manager grows, so will your skill in implementing a successful solution. Worksheets and planning checklists found in Appendix A, "Planning and sizing worksheets" on page 421 can assist in your planning efforts, as will the companion redbook, IBM Tivoli Storage Manager Implementation Guide, SG24-5416.

4.4. Top tips for a successful implementation

This section discusses tips and recommendations to use when implementing an enterprise storage solution with IBM Tivoli Storage Manager. As the product of choice in many companies for accomplishing efficient and effective enterprise-wide storage solutions, IBM Tivoli Storage Manager is a very powerful tool with lots of flavors and colors, bells and whistles, features and functions, so to a certain degree, it is complex. While planning for this solution, you can circumvent some roadblocks to help save time and avoid frustration:

1. Embrace the progressive incremental backup paradigm

The architecture of IBM Tivoli Storage Manager and its progressive incremental backup paradigm is unique. It is very important to understand and use this powerful method.

A misunderstanding would probably lead to implementing traditional backup strategies that include weekly "full" backups even though little has changed, represented by selective backups in IBM Tivoli Storage Manager. Furthermore, this type of thinking leads to too much backed-up data and, therefore, more IBM Tivoli Storage Manager database objects than needed. This will increase the database unnecessarily and hinder IBM Tivoli Storage Manager performance.

More backup data than necessary leads to more tape usage than is actually required. This will unnecessarily burden and/or complicate tape management processes and tape vaulting.

2. Learn about IBM Tivoli Storage Manager functionality

Common sense dictates the importance of understanding a product's functionality in order to use it optimally. Especially for storage management products such as IBM Tivoli Storage Manager, you need to know what the different implemented commands affect.

It is important to understand the differences between backup and archive to avoid confusion about which to use.

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IBM Tivoli Storage Manager includes powerful functions for disaster recovery management, including tape vaulting. Needless to say, these tape volumes for disaster recovery should be kept off-site. Another common mistake is overworking your backups—that is, backing up or archiving everything on a system. You should outline your requirements for restore, retrieve, and disaster recovery to define the data that actually must be backed up.

3. Leverage IBM Tivoli Storage Manager functionality

Misunderstanding of functionality often leads to its misuse. Even though IBM Tivoli Storage Manager offers a lot of functions and features, you should not overuse them. Too often, an IBM Tivoli Storage Manager implementation contains too many definitions for domains, schedules, storage pools, or device classes. This complicates administration and operation. Knowing what your deliverable is will help you plan the end result better.

Collocation, for example, is an expedient feature, but if it is used on all tape volumes it will waste tapes. Collocation will direct all data of a client onto the same tape whenever possible, even if there are minimal amounts of data to back up. Large volume tapes such as LTO can have huge amounts of unused space if collocation is used too liberally. Moreover, migration from disk to tape will extraordinarily increase tape mounts, which may decelerate data processing. The same applies for direct backup to tape. Direct backup to tape is only recommended when streaming a lot of continuous data, so the tape drive doesn't have to rewind and reposition its read head incessantly.

Most IT environments include some special data processing applications such as databases or mail servers. To support backup procedures for these kinds of applications, you should use the additional data protection modules offered by IBM Tivoli Storage Manager to prevent misusing the common backup-archive client for these special data operations.

4. Carefully estimate backup performance

Performance depends on various factors, including the IBM Tivoli Storage Manager server and client hardware, network, attached storage devices, and operating systems. When calculating the actual data processing performance, each system included in the storage management environment should be treated separately or in groups of similar system types. Do not assume the same performance for every single system.

If there is not a dedicated network for backup purposes, the actual network bandwidth is shared between different systems with different applications.

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For performance and time calculations, the real available network bandwidth has to be figured out. Even when using separate networks there are factors that decrease the theoretical network bandwidth, such as protocol overhead.

File level backup performance depends heavily on the current storage device hardware, protocol, attachment, and file system type. Assuming that all files will be processed at the same speed can lead to a miscalculated result.

5. Carefully estimate restore performance

The performance considerations for backup also apply to restores. Most restore requests will be processed through a tape device, so some additional factors have to be considered, such as robotics and tape mount delays, device read speed, and position delays.

6. Test restore in production situations

In an enterprise storage management environment, backup and archive are implemented toward a single purpose: restore. In case of a failure of any kind, you want to be able to restore all of your lost data, so it is advisable to test the individual implementation, and to test it in production environment.

Most test scenarios are only organized under lab conditions, not real-world situations. This could lead to the incorrect assumption that your restore procedures will work in any failure. In complex environments, data relationship between different systems or applications also must be considered. In case of failure, a misoriented or misordered restore sequence would lead to an inconsistent data environment.

Restore can cover a huge area of scenarios from single file to bare metal restore. Disaster recovery strategies and methods have to be well-considered, implemented, documented, and tested.

Essentially, all procedures should be documented and revised regularly to ensure their validity.

7. Train staff prior to implementation

IBM Tivoli Storage Manager is a powerful and complex product when it is implemented and used by well-trained staff, so it is highly recommended that the responsible personnel should be educated in IBM Tivoli Storage Manager products before using them in a production environment.

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Skill in installing common software under specific operating systems and knowledge about other backup products is good but will not suffice. Hasty implementations will lead to wasted money, wasted time, frustration, and even data loss, not to mention poor performance by the product.

8. Schedule and monitor daily housekeeping activities

Once IBM Tivoli Storage Manager is implemented and set up, it must be managed and maintained. Poor data and storage management practices will compromise your business data. Even after executing backups, the data, and therefore IBM Tivoli Storage Manager, has to be administered. Some processes, such as tape vaulting, are daily processes that your business relies on in case of a disaster.

4.5. Conclusion

Understanding your customers, your environment, your business, your needs and your requirements are key to success, in storage management as well as business in general, and of course IBM Tivoli Storage Manager can help with your storage management needs and requirements. You will need three things to achieve success:

Realistic goals and objectives Understanding

Planning

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PART 2CLIENT ARCHITECTURE

In this part we discuss how the IBM Tivoli Storage Manager client is used and how it functions in your backup and recovery solution.

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Chapter 5

Backup and restore operations

This chapter discusses the different types of data movement operations that can be performed by an IBM Tivoli Storage Manager client. We describe how data is extracted from a dedicated client system, and look at state-of-the-art methodologies to move data from systems within an enterprise environment to a storage server for backup or archive purposes and back again for restore activities. These strategies are more topology-related, and they detail the ways client-extracted data flows to the IBM Tivoli Storage Manager server for safekeeping.

We do not cover scenarios with local attached storage devices because these implementations require a backup storage device for each system to be backed up. Furthermore, the amount of time and effort for administrating this kind of approach can be heavy. So we concentrate on enterprise-wide solutions with a more centric view on network-based data movement for mission-critical data.

5.1. Operation types

It is important to understand IBM Tivoli Storage Manager options for client backup and restore operations, as well as the characteristics of each of these operations because each method may have an effect on backup and restore efficiency, retention periods, portability, CPU utilization, connection time, and network utilization. Table 5-1 describes the various client backup and restore operations supported with IBM Tivoli Storage Manager and lists description, usage, and restore options. IBM Tivoli Storage Manager uses progressive incremental backup as its standard backup method.

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Table 5-1. Summary of client backup and restore operations

Type of backup operation

Description Usage Restore options

Progressive incremental backup

The standard method of backup used by the IBM Tivoli Storage Manager backup-archive client. The first, full backup of a client system is followed by incremental backups. Incremental backup by date is also available.

No additional full backups of a client are required after the first backup.

Helps ensure complete, effective, policy-based backup of data. Eliminates the need to retransmit backup data that has not been changed during successive backup operations.

The user can restore only the version of the file that is needed (depending on the retention parameters). IBM Tivoli Storage Manager does not need to restore a base file followed by incremental backups. This means reduced time and fewer tape mounts, as well as less data transmitted over the network.

Selective backup

Backup of files that are selected by the user, regardless of whether the files have changed since the last backup.

Enables users to protect a subset of their data independent of the normal incremental backup process.

The user can restore only the version of the file that is needed. IBM Tivoli Storage Manager does not need to restore a base file followed by incremental one. This means reduced time, fewer tape mounts, and less data over the network.

Adaptive subfile backup

Backs up only the parts of a file that have changed since the last backup. The server stores the base file and subsequent subfiles (the changed parts) that depend on the base file. The process works with both the standard progressive incremental backup or with

Maintains backups of data while minimizing connect time and data transmission for the backup of mobile and remote users.

Applicable to clients on Windows systems.

The base file plus a maximum of one subfile is restored to the client.

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Table 5-1. Summary of client backup and restore operations

Type of backup operation

Description Usage Restore options

selective backup.

Journal-based backup

Aids all types of backups (progressive incremental backup, selective backup, adaptive subfile backup) by basing the backups on a list of changed files. The list is maintained on the client by the journal engine service of the IBM Tivoli Storage Manager backup-archive client.

Reduces the amount of time required for backup. The files eligible for backup are known before the backup operation begins. Applicable to clients on Windows NT and Windows 2000 systems.

Journal-based backup has no effect on how files are restored; this depends on the type of backup performed.

Image backup

Full volume backup. Nondisruptive, online backup is possible for Windows 2000 and Linux clients by using the Tivoli Storage Manager snapshot function.

Allows backup of an entire file system or raw volume as a single object. Can be selected by backup-archive clients on UNIX and Windows systems. Used by Windows clients that are using server-free data movement.

The entire image is restored.

Image backup with differential backups

Full volume backup that can be followed by subsequent differential backups.

Used only for the image backups of NAS file servers, performed by using NDMP.

The full image backup plus a maximum of one differential backup are restored.

NDMP backup

An image backup for NAS devices that supports full and differential processing. Regardless of the mode the backup always results in one single

NAS filers may not allow third-party software, so an IBM Tivoli Storage Manager client could not be installed. In this case, standardized

Full image restore or file level restore is possible. Depending on the NAS filer even new data created after the last image backup can be merged with the

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Table 5-1. Summary of client backup and restore operations

Type of backup operation

Description Usage Restore options

entity on the IBM Tivoli Storage Manager server.

NDMP protocol offers a possibility for making backups.

restored image.

Backup using hardware snapshot capabilities

A backup method that exploits the capabilities of IBM Enterprise Storage Server FlashCopy and EMC TimeFinder to make copies of volumes used by database servers. IBM Tivoli Storage Manager uses the volume copies to back up the database volumes.

Implements high-efficiency backup and recovery of business-critical applications while virtually eliminating backup-related downtime or user disruption on the database server.

See 5.5, "Split-mirror/point-in-time copy backup" on page 78 for details.

Archive Creates a copy of files and stores them for a specific time.

Use for maintaining copies of vital records for legal or historical purposes. If you frequently create archives for the same data, consider using instant archive (backup sets) instead. Frequent archive operations can create a large amount of metadata in the server database resulting in increased database growth and decreased performance of expiration server operations.

The selected version of the file is retrieved on request.

Instant archive

Creates a backup set of the most recent versions of the files for

Use when portability of the recovery media or rapid recovery of a

Files are restored directly from the backup set. The backup

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Table 5-1. Summary of client backup and restore operations

Type of backup operation

Description Usage Restore options

the client, using files already in server storage from earlier backup operations.

backup-archive client is important. Also use for efficient archiving.

set resides on media that can be mounted on the client system, such as CD, tape drive, or file system. The IBM Tivoli Storage Manager server does not have to be contacted for the restore process, so the network and IBM Tivoli Storage Manager server are not used.

Chapter 6

Backup-archive client

This chapter covers the main client concepts for performing backup and restore operations. For more details about implementation, see IBM Tivoli Storage Manager Implementation Guide, SG24-5416.

The backup-archive client is the software program that helps you protect information on your workstation. IBM Tivoli Storage Manager enables you to submit and receive information, to and from an IBM Tivoli Storage Manager server, by controlling the transmission back and forth. You use the IBM Tivoli Storage Manager backup-archive client to maintain backup versions of a machine's files. Then you can recover older file versions in the event that those files are lost or damaged.

6.1. What is a client?

IBM Tivoli Storage Manager is a client-server program. The client product, which must be installed on the machine you want to back up, is responsible for sending and receiving data to and from the IBM Tivoli Storage Manager server.

The backup-archive client has two distinct features:

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6.2. Client components

Each client has two major components that help you protect your important data:

Software components: These are the software programs and customization files that you must have in place to use IBM Tivoli Storage Manager. The most important of these are the client interfaces. Each interface is designed so that you can perform all client operations from the one that best suits your needs. For successful interaction with the server, you must configure some basic parameters in a client options file.

Operation components: When you use the IBM Tivoli Storage Manager interface to back up or archive a file, it sends a copy of the file and its associated attributes to the IBM Tivoli Storage Manager server. The IBM Tivoli Storage Manager client can perform two types of operations to send data to its designated server: backups and archives. Although these have different purposes, you can think of them as the alternatives that you have to better control how data must be saved.

All client processing is controlled and secure. A client can restore or retrieve their own files, or the files that they have been authorized to restore by the owner. Whenever a client communicates with the server, it starts a new session. The IBM Tivoli Storage Manager server tracks sessions and each client activity.

6.3. Multi-session and transaction concepts

The IBM Tivoli Storage Manager clients use various internal techniques to improve performance. In this section we describe the multi-session capabilities and client transaction concepts.

6.3.1. Multi-session

IBM Tivoli Storage Manager exploits the multithreading capabilities of modern operating systems by transparently initiating multiple backup-archive or restore/retrieve sessions on the client where necessary for rapid processing and data transfers between the client and the server.

The underlying multithreading model IBM Tivoli Storage Manager uses is called "Producer-Consumer" or "Reader-Writer" model. This model usually involves two basic types of threads (seen in Figure 6-7 on page 94):

6.4. Backup

IBM Tivoli Storage Manager can perform backups of both files and raw logical volumes. When backing up files, the IBM Tivoli Storage Manager server database keeps a list of all files and their attributes (time, date, size, access control lists, extended

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attributes). At each file backup operation, this list is compared to the current file system on the client workstation to determine new, deleted, and changed files. Raw logical volumes are treated as separate entities, and the management class policy is applied to the entire image as a whole. There is no tracking of individual files in an image backup; that is, it is treated as a separate object. More details on image and raw logical volume backup are given in 6.6, "Backup set" on page 124.

During backup, the client first establishes a session with the IBM Tivoli Storage Manager server. After that, it sends the data using the transaction controls as explained in 6.3.2, "Transaction" on page 97.

6.5. Archive

The IBM Tivoli Storage Manager Archive function stores selected files unconditionally on the server according to the applicable management class limits. Unconditionally means that there is no version limit and they will be retained for the defined time period regardless of whether they are deleted on the client. Archived files are useful if you want to take a snapshot of particular files, or if you want to delete files to free space, yet still have the ability to retrieve them if required. It is common to have legislative requirements to archive business records for long periods of time, and the archive function is ideal for this purpose.

Figure 6-21 shows a schematic archive operation.

6.6. Backup set

IBM Tivoli Storage Manager enables you to generate a copy of your client's most recent backup from the IBM Tivoli Storage Manager server onto sequential media. This is accomplished using the generate backupset command, which copies all active file versions of the fileset from server storage onto the media. This copy of the backup, also called backup set or portable backup, is self-contained and can be used independent from IBM Tivoli Storage Manager to restore the client's data from a locally attached device that can also read this media, such as a CD-ROM. This technique provides IBM Tivoli Storage Manager client rapid recovery with no server and network dependency. You can also transfer the backup set from one server to another by generating the backup set on the source server, then transporting the backup set volume and defining it to the destination server, assuming both servers have the same media type, as shown in Figure 6-25 on page 125. The same node name is required to be registered on both servers.

Figure 6-25. Portable client backup set

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6.7. Restore

To restore a file, a directory, or even the whole machine, you need to know two things: what you want to restore (file name, directory), and, optionally, from when (point in time) if you want to restore a file other than the most recent one. You do not need to know where the data actually is. When you request a file, IBM Tivoli Storage Manager finds out the location of that particular file version from its database.

To restore files, specify the directories or selected files, or select the files from a list or GUI window. By default, only ACTIVE file versions will be available for selection; however, INACTIVE versions can be specified easily. You can restore files to their original location or specify a different directory. Collision options control whether existing files of the same name are replaced.

6.8. Retrieve

The retrieve command obtains copies of archived files from the IBM Tivoli Storage Manager server. You can specify either selected files or whole directories to retrieve archived files. The description option enables you to search for the descriptions assigned to the files when they were archived; you may decide to replace the files into the same directory from which they were archived, or into a different directory. Figure 6-32 on page 135 shows a schematic view of the retrieve processing.

Figure 6-32. Retrieve in progress

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6.9. Backup versus archive

IBM Tivoli Storage Manager manages backup and archive objects differently with respect to their versioning and retention. Use IBM Tivoli Storage Manager backup/restore when you want to control the number of versions and retention period for files. IBM Tivoli Storage Manager uses the management class definitions to enforce both the number of versions for a file (active and inactive) and the retention period. Because the incremental function rebinds the files to one management class, it is not possible to have different management classes for the same file. (IBM Tivoli Storage Manager incremental rebinds all versions.) You can run backups to save changing files and use the management classes to have different controls for different files.

Use IBM Tivoli Storage Manager archive/retrieve when you want to store a group of files for a period of time. IBM Tivoli Storage Manager uses the management class definitions to enforce only the retention period. There is no way to specify version control for an archive file. The archive function does not use the bind/rebind concept. The only case in which an archive file is managed differently is when you delete the archive management class that was controlling files. In this case, those files are controlled by grace period settings.

6.10. Other considerations

In this section we cover other subjects that affect all of your client operations.

6.10.1. Scheduling

In our examples of the various client operations, we have shown how they operate from an end-user perspective—that is, by using the different interfaces available. In a typical production environment, the backup and other operations that protect the client

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data should be scheduled, so that we can be sure they regularly execute and can see if or when something goes wrong. IBM Tivoli Storage Manager provides you with a client scheduling interface, which interacts with the server's Central Scheduler for this purpose. Another option for scheduling is to use your own or a third-party scheduler to run scripts on your clients, comprising the appropriate client commands.

If you use IBM Tivoli Storage Manager's own central scheduling, the administrator defines appropriate schedules on the server to perform the IBM Tivoli Storage Manager tasks automatically. Central scheduling is a cooperative effort between the server and each client node in that the client must run its own scheduler process so that the client and server can contact each other to correctly run the scheduled operation. The client scheduling process normally should be configured to start automatically each time the client boots to avoid missing schedule execution and compromising data security. There are two methods used to control how the client and server make contact to run a schedule: client polling and server prompted. These options, and scheduling in general, are discussed further in Chapter 10, "Scheduling" on page 173.

Chapter 7

API client

The IBM Tivoli Storage Manager application program interface (API) enables an application client to use its storage management functions. It is provided and documented to enable customers or ISVs to interface their own specialized applications with IBM Tivoli Storage Manager.

7.1. Overview

The API can be run in single or multithreaded mode, which allows applications to create multiple sessions with the IBM Tivoli Storage Manager server within the same process.

Note

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When using LAN-free with an API client application, multithreading is prerequisite

7.2. IBM Tivoli Storage Manager API client usage

The IBM Tivoli Storage Manager API client can be used by any application in order to add the IBM Tivoli Storage Manager functions directly into that application. Users can add the API to their program applications to automatically call IBM Tivoli Storage Manager to initiate a backup, restore, archive, or retrieve of a file, without having to leave (or close) the application.

This is useful to applications that do not have an IBM Tivoli Storage Manager component available to them, or to applications that need to back up or restore data between processing steps of an application job flow.

7.3. Understanding configuration files and options files

Configuration files and options files enable you to set the conditions and boundaries under which your IBM Tivoli Storage Manager session runs. The IBM Tivoli Storage Manager administrator, the end user, or the developer can set the available options. The values of various options enable the following functions to be performed:

Initiate the connection to an IBM Tivoli Storage Manager server. Control which objects are sent to the server and with what management class they

are associated.

7.4. Setting up the API environment

The API uses unique environment variables to locate files. This enables you to use different files for API applications than the interactive client uses. Table 7-2 on page 149 lists the API environment variables by platform.

Table 7-2. API environment variables

Variables UNIX Windows NetWare

DSMI_CONFIG The fully qualified name for the client option file

The fully qualified name for the client option file

There are no environment variables. The dsm.opt, dscameng.txt, and dsierror.log files reside in the same directory as the dsmapi.nlm file. This directory becomes the search path for these

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Table 7-2. API environment variables

Variables UNIX Windows NetWare

files.

DSMI_DIR Points to the path containing dsm.sys, dsmtca, the en_US subdirectory, and any other NLS language. The en_US subdirectory must contain the dsmclientV3.cat file.

Points to the path containing dscameng.txt and any NLS message file.

 

DSMI_LOG Points to the path for the dsierror.log file.

Points to the path for the dsierror.log file.

 

OBJECT_MOD E=64

Support for 64-bit environment (where available) and commmethod is TCP/IP

   

7.5. Using passwordaccess generate without TCA

The Trusted Communication Agent (TCA), a child process that runs on UNIX clients only, normally controls access to the protected password file. It is possible to have the passwordaccess generate function without starting the TCA. To do this:

1. Write the application using the dsmSetUp() call to pass argv[0], containing the name of the executable. The application is permitted to run as IBM Tivoli Storage Manager authorized; however, the administrator should decide the login name for the IBM Tivoli Storage Manager-authorized user.

2. Set the S bit (set the effective user ID) to On for the application executable. The owner of that executable can then become an IBM Tivoli Storage Manager authorized user. This enables the user to create a password file, update passwords, and run applications. The owner of the application executable should be the same as the user ID running the program. For example, "User" is User1, the name of the executable is dapimsp, and User1 has read-write permissions on the /home/user1 directory.

3. Instruct the users of the application to use the IBM Tivoli Storage Manager authorized name to log in. IBM Tivoli Storage Manager verifies that the login ID matches the application executable owner before it permits access to the protected password file.

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4. Set the passworddir option in the dsm.sys file to point to a directory where this user has read-write access. For example, under the server stanza in dsm.sys, you would enter:

passworddir /home/user1

The permissions on dapismp are:

-rwsr-xr-x user1 group1 dapismp

5. Start the password file and ensure that the IBM Tivoli Storage Manager authorized user owns the file.

6. Run dapismp logged on as User1.

7. Call dsmSetUp() and pass in argv.

Chapter 8

IBM Tivoli Storage Manager for Space Management

In this chapter, we discuss the complementary IBM Tivoli Storage Manager product, IBM Tivoli Storage Manager for Space Management (formerly Hierarchical Storage Manager or HSM client). We introduce the concept of IBM Tivoli Storage Manager for Space Management and discuss various features of the product.

Figure 8-1. IBM Tivoli Storage Manager for Space Management concept

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8.1. Introduction

Disk subsystems are becoming less expensive every day. The cost per byte of data stored on a disk has dropped dramatically from just a few years ago. At the same time, both the amount of data being stored on disk and the cost to manage and administer this stored data is increasing dramatically. Even with the reduction in hardware costs, the increase in the amount of data is taxing the ability of file servers to hold and manage this data.

File owners have been and continue to be uninterested in actively managing their storage requirements due to factors such as lack of knowledge, more-pressing priorities, and a lack of tools. They want to be able to find their data quickly and access it without the hassles of swapping disks and mounting tapes. These attitudes lead significant amounts of data being stored on disk, not because data needs to be there or is actively being used, but because it is convenient to do so and no one is concerned with removing old or unneeded data.

8.2. HSM migration

Files are migrated by IBM Tivoli Storage Manager for Space Management from the original file system to storage devices connected to an IBM Tivoli Storage Manager server. Each file is copied to the server and a stub file is placed in the original file's location. Using the facilities of storage management on the server, the file is placed on various storage devices such as disk and tape.

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IBM Tivoli Storage Manager for Space Management migrates only regular files on locally mounted file systems. It does not migrate character special files, block special files, FIFO special files (named pipe files), or directories.

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PART 3SERVER ARCHITECTURE

In this part we describe how the IBM Tivoli Storage Manager is architected and how it functions as a storage management solution.

Chapter 9

Policy management

In this chapter we introduce the policy management of IBM Tivoli Storage Manager, which manages all the rules where data is being stored and how long it is being stored. This is one of the core paradigms of IBM Tivoli Storage Manager that provides the basis of its behavior.

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9.1. Introduction

A data storage environment consists of three types of resources: machines, rules, and data. The machines are computers that contain data that must be backed up. The rules specify how the backed-up data is to be treated. Basically, a data storage policy defines the relationships between these three resources as illustrated in Figure 9-1.

Figure 9-1. Data storage policy relationships and resources

Chapter 10

Scheduling

This chapter describes the automation mechanisms IBM Tivoli Storage Managerprovides to get certain actions such as backup activities scheduled throughout the timeline. We also discuss the different means of communication between IBM Tivoli Storage Manager server and clients.

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10.1. Introduction

IBM Tivoli Storage Manager includes a central scheduling component that allows the automatic processing of administrative commands and client operations during a specific time period when the schedule is activated. An administrator is responsible for creating and maintaining the schedules in each policy domain.

IBM Tivoli Storage Manager scheduling is split into two categories: administrative scheduling and client scheduling. The two categories differ in two key areas:

10.2. Administrative schedules

An administrative schedule is a directive to trigger some sort of action on the IBM Tivoli Storage Manager server. It consists of a command or sequence of commands and some details about when the actions should happen. Any actions that are used on a regular basis to manage the Tivoli Storage Management environment should be defined as an administrative schedule. Administrative commands can be scheduled for use in tuning operations and to start functions that require significant server or system resources. Automating these operations to occur in a quiet period, such as overnight, enables the administrator to ensure that server resources are available when needed by clients.

10.2.1. Scheduling concepts

The example in Figure 10-1 shows a series of operations that could occur in an IBM Tivoli Storage Management environment and the sequence for those operations. The circle represents a clock, and the tick marks indicate the hours of the day. The actual start time and duration of the various operations are subject to your scheduling requirements, and the sequence should be carefully considered.

Figure 10-1. Client schedules

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10.3. Client schedules

A client schedule is a directive to trigger an action on one or more IBM Tivoli Storage Manager client machines. It is different from an administrative schedule in that it specifies that an action be performed on the IBM Tivoli Storage Manager client. The client scheduling system consists of a server portion and a client portion. The server part is integrated into the IBM Tivoli Storage Manager process and is responsible for defining the schedule parameters and associating nodes with the schedule. The client scheduler is a separate process on the IBM Tivoli Storage Manager client that provides communication between the server and client. A client must be running its scheduler process to be able to execute scheduled operations. Otherwise, the operation will fail and will be logged as such in the IBM Tivoli Storage Manager server.

The success or failure of each scheduled operation is recorded in the server event log, so the administrator can query to find out which, if any, failed. The client also keeps a local record of scheduled operations.

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10.4. Frequency and duration

The administrator defines the time period (that is, the duration) during which a schedule can start and how often to repeat the schedule (the frequency). An example of a typical schedule frequency could be every night at midnight. The start time is 00:00, the period between startup windows is 24 hours, and the duration is set to two hours, as shown in Figure 10-5.

Figure 10-5. Schedule frequency

10.5. Retry and randomization

You can specify the maximum number of concurrent clients allowed to log on to IBM Tivoli Storage Manager, as well as the maximum number of scheduled sessions allowed. If you restrict the number of scheduled sessions allowed on the server, a client is prevented from running a schedule when the maximum number of sessions has been reached. Through options that can be set globally at the server or individually for each client, the client can retry a certain number of times to run the schedule, with a specified time interval between retries.

With the retry and randomization options, you have considerable flexibility to balance the network load.

10.6. Event log

Scheduled operations are recorded centrally in the event log at the server.

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You can view which schedules ran successfully, were missed, and are scheduled to run in the future. You can create an exception reporting list. In this way you can view only those schedules that failed.

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Chapter 11

Data storage

IBM Tivoli Storage Manager represents data storage with administrator-defined objects: storage pools and storage pool volumes based on physical data storage objects such as libraries and tapes or disks.

In the following sections we discuss how IBM Tivoli Storage Manager automatically manages these pools and how you can define and check that the command used has performed the changes you require.

11.1. Storage device management

The IBM Tivoli Storage Manager devices and media are represented by objects that you have defined that are stored in the database. The objects contain information about the devices and media. You can query, update, and delete the objects.

11.2. Storage pools

IBM Tivoli Storage Manager has two types of storage pools:

Primary storage pools Copy storage pools

11.3. Storage pool hierarchy

IBM Tivoli Storage Manager enables you to configure storage pools to provide the best combination of performance throughput and data permanence. In most cases, keeping client data on tape or optical media is a requirement. However, making the backups direct to tape may not give the best performance, especially where there are many clients to back up concurrently, and many small files are being backed up. Therefore, IBM Tivoli Storage Manager provides a storage pool hierarchy, whereby a client initially backs up to a storage pool, usually on disk. When this storage pool fills up, IBM Tivoli Storage Manager will automatically migrate files to the next storage pool in the hierarchy (usually on tape or optical) while the client continues its backup operation. This migration process is controlled by high and low thresholds set on the storage pool.

The management class (see 9.2, "Data storage policy components" on page 162) determines where the client data enters the storage hierarchy. Figure 11-3 on page 191 shows a configuration where five storage pools are defined. The default management class sends backups first to storage pool A, which are then migrated by the server to pool B and finally to pool C. The other management class uses storage pool D for space managed files, whereas backups are sent directly to Tape_Pool. This would be appropriate for large client files (for example, application database files) that can exploit the streaming performance capacity of the tape device.

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11.4. Movement of data between storage pools

There are two controls available to help you automatically control the space in the storage pools:

Migration Maxsize

11.5. Reclamation

Reclamation is used to free complete tape (or optical) volumes in sequential storage pools. Because IBM Tivoli Storage Manager keeps a defined number of versions of files as it does incremental backups, the oldest copy of a file (beyond the defined number of versions to keep) gets marked for expiry. This file will then be deleted when the next expiration occurs.

It is common for a tape volume to have files that will expire on different dates. Therefore, as these files reach their expiry date and the expiration process occurs, "virtual" empty spaces appear on the tape volume. Fragmentation may also appear on the volume through file deletion on the client causing the removal of many file versions because of management class definitions, or by complete filespace deletion. Fragmentation is undesirable on tapes or optical disks because it makes for slower restores due to the need to skip over the empty spaces, and it increases the total number of volumes required for data storage. It is not possible to go back and rewrite new data in these empty spaces as these are sequential media and can only be written from the beginning to the end.

11.6. Reduce restore times

Storage pool configuration can reduce restore times by these techniques:

Collocation by minimizing the number of tape volumes used to store a client's data.

Disk caching by restoring data from disk even if it has already been migrated.

Moving data to fast access storage pools or consolidating data before restoring them

11.7. Disk storage protection

Disk technology continues to improve, in terms of capacity, speed, reliability, sharability and availability. Many businesses use enterprise storage servers, which can be attached directly via network or using a SAN. IBM Tivoli Storage Manager exploits the services provided by this technology to provide greater protection for itself and its client data. Disks are used within IBM Tivoli Storage Manager for its database, recovery log, and random access storage pools.

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11.7.1. RAID

To protect data on a disk-type storage device, we recommend that you use some form of RAID, which can be implemented at either a hardware or software level.

Protecting data stored on a disk is a subject in itself, and below we just touch on some of the possibilities you may want to look into further. The best solution for you will depend on many factors:

11.8. SAN exploitation

This section discusses the basics of storage area networks and their usage within an IBM Tivoli Storage Manager implementation.

11.8.1. Overview

SAN is a new architecture that puts storage on a separate dedicated network to enable businesses of all sizes to provide access to important data, regardless of operating systems, as a significant step towards helping customers cope with the explosive growth of information in the e-business age.

A SAN is a dedicated network used for data movement or access purposes. This type of network is contrasted with the typical network, which in addition to data access (file serving) is used for communications functions such as e-mail, terminal connection, and application program communication.

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Chapter 12

User management and security

This chapter explains the functions of IBM Tivoli Storage Manager administrators and its client option sets as as they apply to the available security options.

12.1. Administrator

A IBM Tivoli Storage Manager administrator manages IBM Tivoli Storage Manager resources on the server such as storage pools, devices and data management policies. An administrator can also be responsible for backup and restore of client data. The number of administrators and their level of privileges will vary according to your environment. In a very small implementation, all of these functions could be performed by a single person.

12.1.1. Authority levels

Administrators with system privilege can perform any IBM Tivoli Storage Manager function. Administrators with policy, storage, operator, analyst, or node privileges can perform subsets of IBM Tivoli Storage Manager functions. All administrators, even those with no specific privileges, can perform IBM Tivoli Storage Manager query functions because these need only read access.

12.2. Server security

Authentication of administrators is optional in an IBM Tivoli Storage Manager environment. The default is that authentication is required.

With password authentication set to on, all administrators must enter a password when accessing the server. With password authentication set to off, administrators can access without entering a password.

12.3. Client security

Every client node has to be registered and assigned a password to identify itself against its designated server. To simplify administration and automation, the client password is usually stored locally on the client using passwordaccess generate option so that it can authenticate itself against the server. The password is encrypted before being stored. When the password expires the IBM Tivoli Storage Manager server and client negotiate a new random password according to the configured password rules. The client will then re-encrypt this password and store it locally.

During authentication between IBM Tivoli Storage Manager client and server the client password is not sent over the network. Instead the client sends a message that is encrypted using its locally stored password. The IBM Tivoli Storage Manager server

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knows what the decrypted message should look like, so if the client uses the wrong password to encrypt the message, authentication will fail.

12.4. Firewalls

Businesses increasingly rely on Internet technologies to interact with employees, partners, suppliers, and customers. Customers use a company's Web server to directly browse catalogs and order products, tracking them all the way to delivery. Web applications enable them to place automatic just-in-time orders to their suppliers for components required to produce their product. Employees use Web applications to select their benefits, submit their expenses, do price quotations for their customers, submit and track their orders, and do other activities in their job. Everyone knows that the Internet is indispensable for doing business.

While the Internet provides many benefits and opportunities, it also opens up many threats. Web servers that provide valuable applications contain product and customer data that is private to the company and critical to their survival. Protecting that data and the systems they are stored on from competitors and hackers is of utmost importance. All companies using the Internet must employ some level of firewall security.

12.5. Client option sets

A IBM Tivoli Storage Manager client session has a set of options that are used during the backup, archive, restore, or retrieve processes. Options can be specified in two ways: (1) a client options file, and (2) a client options set. The first is mandatory, while the second is optional.

The client options file is a configuration file (or files, in the case of UNIX clients) that is local to each IBM Tivoli Storage Manager client. It contains entries of valid client options with an associated value. It also contains include-exclude file specifications. A client option set is a set of IBM Tivoli Storage Manager client options stored in the IBM Tivoli Storage Manager database. It is used in conjunction with a client options file. An option set can be associated with one or more clients, but a client can be associated with only one option set.

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Chapter 13

Licensing

This chapter focuses on the different features of IBM Tivoli Storage Manager that need licensing to function. Compliance with the IBM Tivoli Storage Manager licensing terms ensures proper system operation.

13.1. Licensed features

IBM distinguishes between two licenses:

IBM Tivoli Storage Manager IBM Tivoli Storage Manager Extended Edition

13.2. License compliance

If license terms change (for example, if a new license is defined for the server), the server conducts an audit to determine whether the current server configuration conforms to the license terms.

The server also periodically audits compliance with the license terms. The results of this audit are used to check and enforce license terms. If 30 days have elapsed since the previous license audit, the administrator cannot cancel the audit.

13.3. IBM Tivoli Storage Manager licenses

To obtain licenses for licensed features and complimentary products, you can register the following licenses:

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Chapter 14

Server network

In this chapter we discuss the enterprise-wide architecture of a network IBM Tivoli Storage Manager server. We focus on the communication and interoperability of multiple IBM Tivoli Storage Manager servers. This server-to-server communication can be utilized to centralize administration tasks and configuration management. IBM Tivoli Storage Manager can share storage resources and devices between multiple server instances if an appropriate hardware environment is provided.

14.1. Enterprise administration

The enterprise management capabilities in IBM Tivoli Storage Manager include comprehensive central management of multiple IBM Tivoli Storage Manager servers, lights-out server automation, and remote help desk support. These capabilities are designed to enhance ease of use, centralized but flexible control, automation, and consistency while meeting your requirements for protecting ever-increasing amounts of data in the most cost-effective manner.

These features enable you to easily and cost-effectively broaden your deployment of IBM Tivoli Storage Manager servers to meet growing data availability requirements.

14.2. Enterprise management features

With the Enterprise Administration feature, the IBM Tivoli Storage Manager enterprise console provides administrators with several global views of their IBM Tivoli Storage Manager deployment, as shown in Figure 14-1.

Figure 14-1. IBM Tivoli Storage Manager enterprise console

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14.3. Enterprise Administration features

The Enterprise Administration feature enables administrators to centrally manage multiple IBM Tivoli Storage Manager servers through a single enterprise console.

IBM Tivoli Storage Manager enterprise administration provides the following capabilities:

14.4. Virtual volumes

IBM Tivoli Storage Manager enables a server (a source server) to store the results of various operations on another server (a target server). The data is stored in what are known as virtual volumes, which appear to be normal sequential media volumes on the source server, but are actually stored as archive files on a target server. Virtual volumes can be any of the following:

Server database backups Storage pool backups

Data that is backed up, archived, or space managed from client nodes

Client data migrated from storage pools on the source server

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Any data that can be moved by EXPORT and IMPORT commands

Disaster Recovery Manager plan files

14.5. Data movement between servers

IBM Tivoli Storage Manager enables you to move its data from one server to another. This function is called export/import, and with it you can transfer clients between servers (for load balancing) or move from one server operating system platform to another.

14.5.1. Export/import

You can export or import administrator, node, server, or policy information, as shown in Figure 14-4. You can export the complete server or just parts of it, for example a few clients and their stored data. Even an incremental export restricted by a given time frame is possible.

Figure 14-4. Export data from server 1, use volumes, import data to server 2

14.6. Tape library sharing

Storage Area Network (SAN) technologies enable IBM Tivoli Storage Manager to share its libraries. Multiple Tivoli Storage Manager servers can dynamically share library volume and tape drive resources of one connected tape library. The hosts can thus maintain high-speed connections to the same devices through the SAN fabric. Backup and restore applications benefit immediately from this, and the effect is pronounced for environments with large amounts of data to back up over shrinking windows of time and constrained LAN bandwidth.

Using the Fibre Channel technology of SANs, distances between the tape library and the IBM Tivoli Storage Manager server or servers can be extended as well. Tape libraries can reside at an alternate location. Customers can use electronic vaulting for a quick and efficient way to protect against and recover from a disaster situation. Finally, since a

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reliable tape drive is quite an expensive device, tape sharing can be a very important economic factor.

Chapter 15

High availability clustering

What exactly is an IBM Tivoli Storage Manager cluster? In simple terms, a cluster is a group of computers that, together, provide a set of resources to a client. A cluster consists of a minimum of two and, in theory, up to any number of systems. The key point of clustering is that the client has no knowledge of the underlying physical hardware of the cluster. This means that the client is isolated and protected from changes to the physical hardware, which brings a number of benefits.

Perhaps the most important of these benefits is high availability. Resources on clustered servers act as highly available versions of unclustered resources. If a node (an individual computer) in the cluster is unavailable or too busy to respond to a request for a resource, the request is transparently passed to another node capable of processing it. Clients are therefore unaware of the exact locations of the resources they are using. For example, a client can request the use of an application without being concerned about either where the application resides or which physical server is processing the request. The user simply gains access to the application in a timely and reliable manner.

15.1. High availability cluster multiprocessing

An IBM Tivoli Storage Manager server can use HACMP software for high availability. HACMP provides the leading AIX-based clustering solution, which enables automatic system recovery on system failure detection. Using HACMP with IBM Tivoli Storage Manager can ensure server availability. HACMP offers local or campus disaster survivability with real-time automated failover and reintegration within distance limitations. In an HACMP environment, TCP/IP is the communications method used to support the checking of status and availability of the production and failover server, also commonly referred to as the IBM Tivoli Storage Manager heartbeat connection.

HACMP detects system failures and manages IBM Tivoli Storage Manager failover to a recovery processor with a minimal loss of end-user time. You can set up an IBM Tivoli Storage Manager server on a system in an HACMP cluster so that, if the system fails, the IBM Tivoli Storage Manager server will be brought back up on another system in the cluster. In both failover and fallback, it appears that the IBM Tivoli Storage Manager server has crashed or halted and was then restarted. Any transactions that were in progress at the time of the failover or fallback are rolled back, and all completed transactions are still complete. IBM Tivoli Storage Manager clients see this as a communications failure and try to re-establish their connections as shown in Figure 15-1.

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15.2. Backup-archive and HSM client with HACMP

As of IBM Tivoli Storage Manager Version 5.1, the backup-archive client itself (including the administrator, backup/archive, HSM, and API pieces) is supported for use in an HACMP cluster environment. This configuration enables IBM Tivoli Storage Manager scheduled client operations to continue processing in the event of a system failure on a redundant clustered failover server. See Figure 15-2 on page 249 for an illustration of how this works.

Figure 15-2. HACMP and IBM Tivoli Storage Manager client configuration

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Chapter 16

Disaster Recovery Manager

One of the big challenges in information technology is to have complete backup of all data and the ability to recover it in a timely fashion. This means having controls in place to keep track of massive storage repositories in complex environments with many different machines, devices, tapes, and applications. This chapter shows how the Disaster Recovery Manager function of IBM Tivoli Storage Manager Extended Edition helps the administrator with this formidable task.

16.1. What is disaster recovery?

Disaster recovery is the process of restoring operations of a business or organization in the event of a catastrophe. There may be many aspects related to the restoration, including facilities, equipment, personnel, supplies, customer services, and data. One of the most valuable business assets is the critical data that resides on the computer systems throughout the company. The recovery of this data needs to be a primary focus of the disaster recovery plan. IBM Tivoli Storage Manager, along with the Disaster Recovery Manager function included in IBM Tivoli Storage Manager Extended Edition, will assist you in the technical steps that you need to make your data available to users after a widespread failure. Some generic terms and terminologies that you may find regarding disaster recovery are:

Business Impact Analysis (BIA): Considers business criticality for all managed systems and information flows that are vital for business survival. One of the key points here is to evaluate and map all internal departments that may have dependency to business continuity. This is an important task in a company and it is outside the scope of IBM Tivoli Storage Manager and the Disaster Recovery Manager function included in IBM Tivoli Storage Manager Extended Edition.

Business Continuity Plan / Business Recovery Plan (BCP/BRP): The result of an analysis and the documentation on how to bring the company back to normal in an orderly way, considering its priorities and requirements based on the facilities and resources required. Some of the requirements will be translated into the disaster recovery plan, which may be used by IBM Tivoli Storage Manager.

Information Technology Recovery Plan or disaster recovery plan: Defines what you have to rebuild and how to do it for the business side, such as database applications, spreadsheet data, and user files. This is the component where IBM Tivoli Storage Manager and the Disaster Recovery Manager function included in IBM Tivoli Storage Manager Extended Edition are of principal assistance.

16.2. What should be considered a disaster?

A disaster is a catastrophic interruption of business processing that destroys the IBM Tivoli Storage Manager server, clients, or both.

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There are many levels to consider for a disaster. You can imagine a situation where a user deletes a file and requests a restore (to the user it might indeed be "a disaster"). A complete directory might be lost; an application server might be infected with a virus, causing an unknown extent of damage; a disk might be lost on a fileserver; or a full datacenter building with many machines might be completely destroyed. Depending on the business requirement, you will need to answer bigger questions, such as what kind of recovery do you need and how long do you have to provide it. Figure 16-7 on page 267 shows the time it may take to recover using some of the well-known techniques that you can apply to your environment to safeguard from data loss.

16.3. Recovery strategy for the server

Disaster Recovery Manager simplifies the disaster recovery planning process for the IBM Tivoli Storage Manager server by generating a recovery plan file that is based on a pre-defined recovery strategy. The recovery plan file contains the information and procedures necessary to help restore the key components of the IBM Tivoli Storage Manager server. The content of the plan file includes:

Installation-specific server recovery instructions List of IBM Tivoli Storage Manager database backup and copy storage pool

volumes required to perform the recovery, including the off-site location where the volumes reside

Devices required to read the database backup and copy storage pool volumes

Space requirements for the IBM Tivoli Storage Manager database and recovery log

Copy of IBM Tivoli Storage Manager configuration files

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PART 4SYSTEMS MANAGEMENT

This part discusses the ways to actually manage an IBM Tivoli Storage Manager environment—not the daily operating tasks, but the way to integrate IBM Tivoli Storage Manager into a systems management environment. Additionally, we discuss the reporting possibilities of IBM Tivoli Storage Manager.

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Chapter 17

Reporting

This chapter covers basic IBM Tivoli Storage Manager reporting and explains which reports may be useful. It also shows the facilities that can be used for reporting that are included with the base IBM Tivoli Storage Manager product.

17.1. Why IBM Tivoli Storage Manager reporting?

As with any application, an IBM Tivoli Storage Manager environment includes a series of tasks that must be performed regularly. To perform these tasks in a timely and efficient way requires a set of resources, such as space in storage pools or in the IBM Tivoli Storage Manager database, and tape drives and volumes. Scheduled operations must complete in a timely manner and without failures. In large environments the number of operations can be quite high, and managing them effectively can be quite complex.

Reports can be very useful for verifying that the tasks set up for IBM Tivoli Storage Manager to perform are carried out in a timely and efficient way.

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Chapter 18

IBM Tivoli Enterprise solutions

In IBM Tivoli terms, an enterprise consists of a large number of resources to manage. These resources can be network components, operating systems, databases, middleware, and off-the-shelf or custom applications.

18.1. Overview

The foundation of the IBM Tivoli Enterprise architecture as shown in Figure 18-1 on page 293 is a distributed object-oriented software called IBM Tivoli Systems Mangement Framework. Most of the applications of the IBM Tivoli Enterprise suite use the services included in the framework. This means that when a major function in the framework is improved, these IBM Tivoli applications can take advantage of the improvement. The IBM Tivoli Systems Management Framework also serves as a single point of integration for the IBM Tivoli and third-party applications.

Figure 18-1. IBM Tivoli Enterprise architecture

18.2. IBM Tivoli Enterprise modules

This section provides an overview of each of the the principal IBM Tivoli Enterprise modules.

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18.2.1. IBM Tivoli Systems Management Framework

The IBM Tivoli Systems Management Framework provides the basic system management services, including communications, presentation, and security, that most of the IBM Tivoli management applications use, which ensures consistency and integration. At its core, the framework provides the facilities to transfer files and execute commands on remote systems with built-in security and authorization roles. The IBM Tivoli management applications can use these core facilities to implement management functions, including software distribution, resource monitoring, and system configuration.

Most IBM Tivoli systems management tasks, regardless of the application or component that is to be managed, may be performed by using the IBM Tivoli desktop, which provides a user interface consistent throughout management applications.

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PART 5COMPLEMENTARY PRODUCTS

In this part we introduce products complementary to IBM Tivoli Storage Manager. Though not part of Tivoli Storage Manager, these IBM and non-IBM products are certified as Ready for IBM Tivoli, and they can assist with managing and controling a total storage environment.

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Chapter 19

IBM Tivoli Storage Manager for Databases

This chapter discusses integrating database backup strategies with IBM Tivoli Storage Manager for Databases and the different types of database backups. An overview of relational databases also is provided, and the fundamental structure of a database, such as tables, table spaces, data files, control files, parameter files, and configuration files, is described. Specific data storage considerations for UNIX-oriented systems, such as using raw devices or file system files, are covered. Techniques for online and offline backup are discussed. Non-relational database management system products are not discussed specifically, but many of the concepts are also applicable.

19.1. Relational databases

The early 1980s opened the door for the relational database management system (RDBMS). Since then, these have become so popular that they are used by most line-of-business applications being implemented today. Some people predict that in the beginning of this century, object databases will supersede relational databases, but whether or not this prediction turns out to be accurate is of no immediate importance to those of us who must back up the data used by today's applications.

RDBMSs share a common set of principles and, conceptually, similar logical and physical structures. Figure 19-1 shows their fundamental structure: tables, table spaces, log files, and control files. Note that although all RDBMS products are based on the same set of principles, they do not all use the same terminology or structures. For example, a table space in Informix is called a dbspace, and there is no table space concept in Sybase or Microsoft SQL Server. Log files in Oracle are called redo logs, while in Sybase they are called transaction logs.

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Chapter 20

IBM Tivoli Storage Manager for Mail

IBM Tivoli Storage Manager for Mail is a software module for IBM Tivoli Storage Manager that automates the data protection of e-mail servers running either IBM Lotus Domino or Microsoft Exchange. This module utilizes the application program interfaces (APIs) provided by e-mail application vendors to perform online "hot" backups without shutting down the e-mail server and improve data-restore performance. As a result, it can help protect the growing amount of new and changing data that should be securely backed up to help maintain 24x7x365 application availability.

20.1. Data Protection for Lotus Domino

IBM Tivoli Storage Manager provides a backup solution for a heterogeneous Domino environment, which includes the backup-archive client and the Data Protection component for Domino. Together, these provide a complete backup solution to fulfill the requirements of Domino storage management.

Data Protection for Domino, a successor to Data Protection for Lotus Notes, takes advantage of significant changes in the Lotus Notes R6 server architecture. These include transaction logging for interactions with Notes databases as well as a new application program interface (API) for backup and recovery of Notes databases.

20.2. Data Protection for Microsoft Exchange Server

This chapter provides introductory information for the IBM Tivoli Storage Manager component Data Protection for Microsoft Exchange Server, which provides online backups of Microsoft Exchange Server databases to a Tivoli Storage Manager server.

Data Protection for Exchange provides complete integration with Microsoft Exchange APIs by offering:

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Chapter 21

IBM Tivoli Storage Manager for Enterprise Resource Planning

This chapter describes IBM Tivoli Storage Manager for Enterprise Resource Planning (Tivoli Storage Manager for ERP), a software module that works with IBM Tivoli Storage Manager to better protect the infrastructure and application data and improve the availability of SAP R/3 Servers.

21.1. Overview

Specifically designed and optimized for the SAP R/3 environment, Tivoli Storage Manager for ERP provides automated data protection, reduces the CPU performance impact of data backups and restores on the R/3 server, and greatly reduces the administrator workload necessary to meet data protection requirements. It builds on the SAP database, a set of database administration functions integrated with R/3 for database control and administration. The Tivoli Storage Manager for ERP software module enables multiple R/3 servers to utilize a single Tivoli Storage Manager server to automatically manage the backup of R/3 data. As the intelligent interface to the R/3 database, Tivoli Storage Manager for ERP is SAP certified in heterogeneous environments, supporting large-volume data backups, data recovery, data cloning, and disaster recovery of multiple SAP R/3 servers.

IBM Tivoli Storage Manager for Enterprise Resource Planning offers the following features:

21.2. SAP

SAP (Systeme, Applikationen und Produkte in der Informationsverarbeitung), founded in 1972 by five former IBM employees in Germany, is one of the world's largest software companies providing packaged commercial applications. It now has 28 subsidiaries and affiliates in all of the major industrialized countries of Europe, North America, Asia, and Africa, and it supports more than 3500 customers in 36 countries worldwide. IBM and SAP formed an alliance in July 1983 by signing an international agreement that covers mutual cooperation in development, marketing, sales, and support of customer business solutions.

SAP R/3 is an integrated client/server package covering accounting, human resources, logistics, and production planning. R/3 also provides an application development environment. As shown in Figure 21-1 on page 360, a typical SAP R/3 system consists of three tiers: database servers, applications servers, and presentation clients.

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Chapter 22

IBM Tivoli Storage Manager for Applications

This section describes IBM Tivoli Storage Manager for Application Servers (formerly Tivoli Data Protection for WebSphere Application Server), a software module that works with IBM Tivoli Storage Manager to better protect the infrastructure and application data and improve the availability of WebSphere Application Servers.

22.1. Overview of WebSphere Application Server

A base WebSphere Application Server Version 5 configuration includes only the application server process. There is no node agent or Deployment Manager involved in this configuration. No coordination between application server processes is supported in the base configuration, with each application server instance having to be separately administered.

22.2. Overview of IBM Tivoli Storage Manager for Application Servers

This section describes the IBM Tivoli Storage Manager for Application Servers module and its features.

22.2.1. Architecture

IBM Tivoli Storage Manager for Application Servers works with the WebSphere Application Server software to provide an applet GUI to do reproducible, automated online backup of a WebSphere Application Server environment, including the WebSphere administration database (DB2 Universal Database), configuration data, and deployed application program files. Changes to the WebSphere environment, such as the addition of applications, are automatically detected and included in the data backup schedule to help keep backed-up data current. If data loss or data corruption occurs, Storage Manager for Application Servers can automatically restore the necessary data from offline storage to the WebSphere Application Server environment's online storage.

Figure 22-2. IBM Tivoli Storage Manager for Application Servers architecture

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22.3. Backup strategies

Tivoli Storage Manager for Application Servers provides various strategies to employ in a backup solution. This chapter provides information about developing a backup strategy appropriate for the WebSphere Application Server environment.

22.3.1. Full backups only

This strategy backs up all files that comprise a WebSphere Application Server backup group regardless of whether existing files have changed or new files have been added. If backing up to tape, full backups also keep all files of a backup set together on the same storage volume to optimize restore processing. However, this strategy requires the most network and storage resources because files that have not changed are processed with each backup.

Chapter 2

IBM Tivoli complementary products

IBM Tivoli Storage Manager has two types of complementary products: IBM Tivoli products that add to the Total Storage solution and third-party software products that complete and enhance the storage management solution.

This chapter discusses additional IBM Tivoli storage management solution software and one third-party application.

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23.1. IBM Tivoli Storage Area Network Manager

Tivoli Storage Area Network Manager is a comprehensive solution that discovers, monitors, and manages SAN fabric components. Tivoli SAN Manager is architected to ANSI SAN standards, enabling you to choose best-of-breed products for your storage infrastructure. Tivoli SAN Manager can help:

Reduce storage administration costs Reduce administrative workloads

Maintain high availability

Minimize downtime

23.2. IBM Tivoli Storage Resource Manager

This chapter introduces and positions IBM Tivoli Storage Resource Manager and its architecture, components, and functionality.

IBM Tivoli Storage Resource Manager monitors storage assets, capacity, and usage across an enterprise. IBM Tivoli Storage Resource Manager can look at:

23.3. IBM Tivoli SANergy

IBM Tivoli SANergy is a unique application that enables you to realize the cost savings, performance benefits, and new capabilities provided by SANs.

IBM Tivoli SANergy enables storage volumes to be shared to multiple hosts running various operating systems. This does not require implementation of a new operating system or new file system, and existing applications will run under their current design. The skills for administrating LAN-based shared storage are similar to those needed to manage IBM Tivoli SANergy shared storage. Tivoli SANergy is a very mature product (relative to this area of technology) that runs on more than 5000 hosts and 1000 customer environments.

23.4. Cristie Bare Machine Recovery

Cristie Bare Machine Recovery (CBMR) is a software package that works in conjunction with IBM Tivoli Storage Manager to provide a fully automated method of recovering a Windows operating system to a new hard disk drive or RAID system. There are three components to the software: the backup of the operating system, the configuration files and the boot files.

The backup of the operating system comprises the files contained in the Windows operating system folder together with the IBM Tivoli Storage Manager client files and the CBMR files. These are backed up as a few files to the IBM Tivoli Storage Manager

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filespace and kept up to date either on an ad hoc basis or by using the scheduler incorporated within CBMR.

23.5. Ready for IBM Tivoli products and solutions

Ready for IBM Tivoli is the official program through which selected Business Partner products are designed, tested, and certified for seamless integration with Tivoli® technology management solutions. When you buy products that are validated as Ready for IBM Tivoli, you know they will work together with your Tivoli solutions to provide true end-to-end technology management functionality. All of the integration and testing have been done before you even purchase the product.

Selecting Ready for IBM Tivoli products along with your Tivoli solutions simplifies and streamlines technology management. Ready for IBM Tivoli products encompass a wide variety of hardware, software, management tools, and business applications from leading technology companies. Each Business Partner product is validated to meet Ready for IBM Tivoli integration standards with a corresponding IBM Tivoli solution.

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Chapter 2

iSeries storage management solutions

For some years an IBM Tivoli Storage Manager server has been available for IBM iSeries systems, where it has mainly been used as a repository for end-user workstation and client data. Since the introduction of the BRMS/400 application client for Tivoli Storage Manager, iSeries data can also be stored and managed using a Tivoli Storage Manager server.

This chapter includes a high-level discussion of the different aspects of using Tivoli Storage Manager in an iSeries-centric network environment, covering both the application of an iSeries system as a Tivoli Storage Manager server and the integration of an iSeries system in an existing Tivoli Storage Manager environment. It also gives an overview of different solutions when using Tivoli Storage Manager in an iSeries environment, such as managing data in a partitioned Portable Application Solutions Environment (PASE) environment and the application of Tivoli Storage Manager with the iSeries Integrated Netfinity server.

24.1. Why choose an iSeries system?

The IBM iSeries system is a secure, proven, and reliable machine with at least 99.9 percent uptime (according to reported IBM figures) provided by a single iSeries system with no special high-availability add-on products. This compares favorably with other operating systems that rely on additional high-availability products and may not have as much established time in the marketplace.

For current information about iSeries, refer to:

24.2. iSeries with IBM Tivoli Storage Manager

An iSeries system can be integrated easily into a Tivoli Storage Manager data management solution as either client or server. To act as a Tivoli Storage Manager client, the iSeries system must be running Backup, Recovery, and Media Services for iSeries (BRMS).

24.3. Portable Application Solutions Environment

OS/400 Portable Application Solutions Environment (OS/400 PASE):

An integrated OS/400 runtime for porting selected UNIX applications Provides a broad subset of AIX libraries and adds more shells and utilities in

V5R2 (in which it is a no-charge option)

Uses the hardware directly; is not an operating system or emulated environment

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24.4. Who would use Tivoli Storage Manager on iSeries?

The criteria for determining whether you should use the iSeries for Tivoli Storage Manager backups depends on several factors relevent to your specific IT environment. Refer to Chapter 4, "Planning concepts" on page 55 for more details.

When considering IBM Tivoli Storage Manager on iSeries you should review the following points to determine whether they match your business environment:

24.5. Hardware and software requirements

The following hardware and software requirements are necessary:

Either OS/400 V5R1 with PASE (option 33 of OS/400) or OS/400 V5R2 (PASE is standard)

Any iSeries hardware that supports V5R1 or V5R2 of OS/400

Medium to high CPW systems

Minimum of 128 MB memory (256 MB recommended

Minimum of 110 MB of disk space

Additional space for Tivoli Storage Manager database and recovery log

Additional space for Tivoli Storage Manager diskpool (actual disk requirements determined via standard IBM Tivoli Storage Manager sizing)

TCP/IP enabled on iSeries

PASE interface has AIX "look and feel"

Knowledge of some AIX commands and general concepts (recommended)

24.6. Considerations for iSeries (PASE)

IBM Tivoli Storage Manager 5.2 Server for iSeries (PASE) does not support:

Server-free LAN-free (storage agent)

IBM Tivoli Storage Manager tape library sharing

Raw logical volumes for Tivoli Storage Manager database, log, or diskpools

Optical devices

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NAS (NDMP)

SNMP Subagent

IPX or APPC protocols

24.7. BRMS/400

Backup Recovery Media Services (BRMS) is the primary IBM product for backup and recovery of the iSeries and iSeries data. Tivoli Storage Manager and BRMS can coexist on same iSeries server. iSeries data is not read directly by Tivoli Storage Manager because there is no Tivoli Storage Manager client for iSeries. BRMS backs up iSeries data.

Tivoli Storage Manager backs up other network-attached, non-iSeries servers and workstations such as Windows, NetWare, UNIX, and Linux, and associated applications and databases.

24.8. iSeries system as Tivoli Storage Manager API client

A set of application program interfaces (APIs) can be obtained for BRMS. These form the BRMS Application Client to an IBM Tivoli Storage Manager server. This enables BRMS to save and restore data on any Tivoli Storage Manager server. See Figure 24-2.

Figure 24-2. BRMS Application Client

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24.9. iSeries system as a Tivoli Storage Manager server

IBM Tivoli Storage Manager for iSeries integrates unattended network backup and archive with disaster recovery planning functions in a single software solution. Tivoli Storage Manager for iSeries backs up and archives data from more than 30 multi-vendor platforms. In addition to the multiple client platforms, it supports leading devices and communication protocols. This broad range of support makes iSeries server a comprehensive storage management solution.

A typical example of how a Tivoli Storage Manager server can fit in with iSeries systems is a distributed computing environment in which there may be an application that is divided into three parts. The data for the application is kept on an iSeries system, the logic for the application may be kept on a Windows NT server, and the user interface for the application is stored locally on desktop PCs. If a disaster occurs on the logic or data machines then the whole application is unavailable. If a disaster occurs on a desktop PC then just that PC is affected. Tivoli Storage Manager can be used to back up all of the desktop PCs and the Windows NT server to the iSeries system, creating a complete storage management solution.

24.10. Disaster recovery for the iSeries

The iSeries client does not support bare machine recovery. Recovery of an iSeries system relies on the recovery plan available through BRMS. This uses a step-by-step approach that explains exactly what must be done to recover the entire machine. It automatically uses Tivoli Storage Manager to recover objects wherever necessary.

Recovery of a Tivoli Storage Manager server on an iSeries system depends on how the iSeries system has been backed up. Recovering a server running on an iSeries system is a relatively straightforward process. BRMS (if installed) can be used to aid in the recovery of the server so as to make it a simple step-by-step procedure.

24.11. HSM on an iSeries system

There is no iSeries (HSM) Tivoli Storage Manager for Space Management client. However, this capability does exist in BRMS as dynamic archival and retrieval. This enables certain types of iSeries objects, such as files, to be archived to storage locations while leaving the object description on disk. The object is saved with storage freed, as shown in Figure 24-3 on page 415. The storage location can be any BRMS defined location, such as a BRMS tape or Tivoli Storage Manager server. When the file is accessed, BRMS is invoked to retrieve the data part of the file (the storage freed part), and if the object was last saved to a Tivoli Storage Manager server, then it will be retrieved using the BRMS Application Client.

Figure 24-3. iSeries data before and after storage is freed

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24.12. Large database and application support

The backing up of very large databases can take a long time. That is why IBM and other vendors have created various agents that integrate with different database applications. These enable individual records to be backed up instead of the whole database file, saving a lot of time and storage pool space. Online backup is also supported to reduce or eliminate application downtime.

At the time of writing, all application agents (Data Protection for applications) are supported by all Tivoli Storage Manager servers, including iSeries systems. However, at this time no agents run as a client on the iSeries system.

24.13. Logical partitions

OS/400 V4R4 enables the 7xx, 6xx, and Sxx machines to support logical partitions (LPARS). With LPARS is possible to divide a single physical iSeries system into smaller logical partitions (LPARS).

Figure 24-4 shows a single iSeries system on the left (SYS Lyon) and an example LPAR configuration on the right (SYS Lyon1, SYS Lyon2, SYS Lyon3). Each LPAR contains a proportion of the total available resource that is available to the single partition iSeries system on the left (SYS Lyon).

24.14. Integrated Netfinity Server

Many iSeries systems have an Integrated PC Server (IPCS), or the newer Integrated Netfinity Server installed. These hardware products (shown in Figure 24-5) enable a Microsoft Windows NT partition to run in the same footprint as the iSeries system, using different Intel Pentium® processors depending on the model. There are

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integration features that enable sharing of data and resources (such as tape and optical devices) between Windows NT and an iSeries system.

Figure 24-5. Windows NT server running on IPCS

ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS

ACL Access Control List

AD Microsoft Active Directory

ADSM ADSTAR Distributed Storage Manager

AIX Advanced Interactive Executive

ANSI American National Standards Institute

API Application Programming Interface

APPC Advanced Program-to-Program Communication

ASCII American National Standard Code for Information Interchange

ASR Automated System Recovery

BAROC Basic Recorder of Objects in C

BSF Bean Scripting Framework

CA Certification Authorities

CIDR Classless InterDomain Routing

CIFS Common Internet File System

CPU Central Processing Unit

DES Data Encryption Standard

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ACL Access Control List

DNS Domain Name System

EBU Enterprise Backup Utility

EFS Encrypting File Systems

EISA Extended Industry Standard Architecture

EJB Enterprise Java Bean

ERP Enterprise Resources Planning

ESS Enterprise Storage Server

FAT File Allocation Table

FC Fibre Channel

FIFO First In/First Out

GUI Graphical User Interface

HACMP High Availability Cluster Multiprocessing

HBA Host Bus Adapter

HSM Hierarchical Storage Management

HTTP Hypertext Transfer Protocol

IBM International Business Machines Corporation

ICCM Inter-Client Conventions Manual

I/O Input/Output

IP Internet Protocol

IPX Internetwork Packet Exchange

ISV Independent Software Vendor

ITSO International Technical Support Organization

JAR Java Archive

JCA Java Connector Architecture

JNDI Java Naming and Directory Interface

LAN Local Area Network

LP Logical Partition

LPARS Logical Partitions

LUN Logical Unit Number

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ACL Access Control List

MDC Meta Data Controller

MMC Microsoft Management Console

MSCS Microsoft Cluster Server

MSSQL Microsoft SQL

NAS Network Attached Storage

NDMP Network Data Management Protocol

NFS Network File System

NIM Network Installation Management

NTFS NT File System

ODBC Open Database Connectivity

ODM Object Data Manager

ORB Object Request Broker

OS Operating System

PASE Portable Application Solutions Environment

PDF Portable Document Format

PMI Performance Monitoring Interface

PSM Persistent Storage Manager

RACF Resource Access Control Facility

RAID Redundant Array of Independent Disks

RDBMS Relational Database Management System

RGID Real Group Identifier

RISC Reduced Instruction Set Computer

RMAN Oracle Recovery Manager

RSM Removable Storage Management

SAN Storage Area Network

SAP Systeme, Applikationen und Produkte

SCSI Small Computer System Interface

SDK Software Developer's Kit

SMB Server Message Block

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ACL Access Control List

SMIT System Management Interface Tool

SMP Symmetric Multiprocessor

SNMP Simple Network Management Protocol

SOAP Simple Object Access Protocol

SP System Parallel

SQL Structured Query Language

SRM Security Reference Monitor

SSA Serial Storage Architecture

SSL Secure Sockets Layer

TCP/IP Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol

TSM IBM Tivoli Storage Manager

UDB Universal Database

UDDI Universal Description, Discovery, and Integration

UFS UNIX File System

UID User Identifier

URL Universal Resource Locator

WAN Wide Area Network

WSDL Web Services Description Language

WSIF Web Services Invocation Framework

WWW World Wide Web

XBSA X/OPEN Backup Services Application Programmer's Interface

XML Extensible Markup Language

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PART 6APPENDIXES

Appendix A. Planning and sizing worksheets

This collection of worksheets was introduced in Chapter 4, "Planning concepts" on page 55.

The redbook support material is available in softcopy from the redbooks Web server at:

ftp://www.redbooks.ibm.com/redbooks/SG245416

Alternatively, you can get to the same Web page at:

http://www.redbooks.ibm.com

BACK COVER

IBM Tivoli Storage Management Concepts See how IBM Tivoli Storage Manager can improve your IT operations

Learn how to protect your vital applications and data

Understand all aspects of storage management

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This IBM Redbook describes the features and functions of IBM Tivoli Storage Manager. It introduces Tivoli Storage Management concepts for those new to storage management, in general, and to IBM Tivoli Storage Manager, in particular.

This easy-to-follow guide gives a broad understanding of IBM Tivoli Storage Manager software, the key technologies to know, and the solutions available to protect your business. It offers a broad understanding of how IBM Tivoli Storage Manager will work in heterogeneous environments including Windows, UNIX/Linux, OS/400, and z/OS platforms, and with such mission-critcal applications as DB/2, Oracle, Lotus Domino, Exchange, SAP, and many more.

The book introduces storage management software by explaining the concepts, architecture, and systems management features of IBM Tivoli Storage Manager and showing available complementary products. It will help you design solutions to protect data holdings from losses ranging from those caused by user error to complete site disasters.

INTERNATIONAL TECHNICAL SUPPORT ORGANIZATION

BUILDING TECHNICAL INFORMATION BASED ON PRACTICAL EXPERIENCE

IBM Redbooks are developed by the IBM International Technical Support Organization. Experts from IBM, Customers and Partners from around the world create timely technical information based on realistic scenarios. Specific recommendations are provided to help you implement IT solutions more effectively in your environment.

ONLINE RESOURCES

These Web sites are also relevant as further information sources:

IBM Software: Storage Management

http://www-3.ibm.com/software/tivoli/solutions/ storage /products.html

IBM Tivoli Software support site

http://www-3.ibm.com/software/sysmgmt/products/support/

IBM Tivoli Storage Area Network Manager

http://www-3.ibm.com/software/tivoli/products/ storage -san-mgr/

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IBM Tivoli Storage Manager

http://www-3.ibm.com/software/tivoli/products/ storage -mgr/

IBM Tivoli Storage Manager Extended Edition

http://www-3.ibm.com/software/tivoli/products/ storage -mgr-extended/

IBM Tivoli Storage Manager for Application Servers

http://www-3.ibm.com/software/tivoli/products/ storage -mgr-app-servers/

IBM Tivoli Storage Manager for Databases

http://www-3.ibm.com/software/tivoli/products/ storage -mgr-db/

IBM Tivoli Storage Manager for Enterprise Resource Planning

http://www-3.ibm.com/software/tivoli/products/ storage -mgr-erp/

IBM Tivoli Storage Manager for Hardware

http://www-3.ibm.com/software/tivoli/products/ storage -mgr-hardware

IBM Tivoli Storage Manager for Mail

http://www-3.ibm.com/software/tivoli/products/ storage -mgr-mail/

IBM Tivoli Storage Manager for Space Management

http://www-3.ibm.com/software/tivoli/products/ storage -mgr-space/

IBM Tivoli Storage Manager for Storage Area Networks

http://www-3.ibm.com/software/tivoli/products/ storage -mgr-san/

IBM Tivoli Storage Manager for System Backup and Recovery

http://www-3.ibm.com/software/tivoli/products/ storage -mgr-sysback/

IBM Tivoli Storage Resource Manager

http://www-3.ibm.com/software/tivoli/products/ storage -resource-mgr/

IBM.com ftp Software Server

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ftp://ftp.software.ibm.com/ storage /tivoli- storage - management /

Tivoli SANergy

http://www-3.ibm.com/software/tivoli/products/sanergy/

Tivoli Software Information Center

http://publib.boulder.ibm.com/tividd/td/tdprodlist.html

IBM Content Manager CommonStore Web site

http://www-3.ibm.com/software/data/commonstore/

IBM Performance Management Guide

http://publibn.boulder.ibm.com/doc_link/en_US/a_doc_lib/aixbman/prftungd/prftungd.htm

iSeries Information Center

http://publib.boulder.ibm.com/pubs/html/as400

White Papers for AS/400 and iSeries

http://www.ibm.com/servers/eserver/iseries/whpapr/ifs.html

IBM Storage Media Product Selector

http://www. storage .ibm.com/media/products.html

IBM Tape and Optical Storage

http://www. storage .ibm.com/hardsoft/tape/index.html

Kernel Extensions and Device Support Programming Concepts

http://publibn.boulder.ibm.com/doc_link/en_US/a_doc_lib/aixprggd/kernextc/ls_devconfig_subr.htm

IBM HP-UX Tape and Medium Changer Device Driver (ATDD) — Readme file

ftp://ftp.software.ibm.com/ storage /devdrvr/HPUX/README

IBM Developer Kit for AIX, Java Technology Edition

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http://www-106.ibm.com/developerworks/java/jdk/aix/index.html

American National Standards Organization

http://www.ansi.org

Cristie Data Products

http://www.cristie.com

The Source for Java Technology

http://java.sun.com/

Redhat Linux

http://www.redhat.com/

SuSE Linux

http://www.suse.com/index_us.html

The Linux Documentation Project

http://www.tldp.org/

Open Source software development website

http://sourceforge.net/

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