ibrahim ben mustafa tamer nadeem emir halepovic · © 2018 at&t intellectual property. all...

©2018AT&TIntellectualProperty.Allrightsreserved.AT&T,theAT&TlogoandallotherAT&TmarkscontainedhereinaretrademarksofAT&TIntellectualPropertyand/orAT&Taffiliatedcompanies.Theinformationcontainedhereinisnotanoffer,commitment,representationorwarrantybyAT&Tandissubjecttochange.

Ibrahim Ben Mustafa

Old Dominion University

Tamer Nadeem

Virginia Commonwealth University

Emir Halepovic

AT&T Labs - Research

ACMMultimediaConference,Seoul,Korea,22-Oct-2018

All presented information does neither reflect nor imply an actual business case for AT&T and associated companies.!They are generalized data used to assess performance of the algorithms only.!

[email protected] [email protected] [email protected]



MobileVideoTraffic

• Witnessingtremendousgrowthinmobiledatatraffic.• Mobiledatatrafficispredictedtoincreasesevenfoldbetween2016and2021

•  MobileVideowouldberesponsibleformorethan%75by2020.(*)

2

VideosSharing

LiveStreaming

Livebroadcasting(*) Cisco Visual Networking Index - 2017



HTTPAdaptiveStreaming(HAS)

3

Imagesretrievedfrom:https://bitmovin.com/



Problem&RelatedWork

4



PerformanceIssueswithHAS

5

• WhenHASplayerscompeteoverthebottleneck:

•  Instabilityinthequality

•  Playbackstalls

•  Unfairness

•  Longstartupdelay

• Rootcause:ON/OFFtrafficpattern(*)

(*)SaamerAkhshabi,LakshmiAnantakrishnan,AliCBegen,andConstantineDovrolis.2012.WhathappenswhenHTTPadaptivestreamingplayerscompeteforbandwidth?InACMNOSSDAV,June2012.



ExistingSolutions

6

HTTPserver

InternetMediastream

Cellularnetwork

Celltower

Server/proxy-basedsolutions

(throttlingorbitratecontrol)Client-basedsolutions

(improvingplayers’adaptationalgorithm)

Edge-basedsolutions(trafficmanagementandcontrol)

WiFiAP

WiFiwirelessinfrastructure



IssueswithexistingSolutions

• Existingsolutionsareeither:1.  Noteffective,sincetheycannot:

•  Addressthemainperformanceissues.

•  Complywithnetworkpolicies.

2.  Invasive:Playershavetofollowspecificadaptationlogic.

3.  Notgeneric:SpecificforHAS.

4.  Costly:Requirelargeandspecial-purposenetworkinfrastructure.

5.  Infeasible(inpractice):•  RequiresCDNedgeserverchanges.

•  Requireplayerfeedbackandinteractions.7



Our Solution: FlexStream

•  SDN-basedframeworkthatleverages:

•  Centralized/edgecomponent:

•  Enablesglobalviewofnetworkcondition.

•  Context-awarethroughenddevicefeedback.

•  Specifiesapolicycontrollingresourceallocation,usinganoptimizationfunction.

•  DistributedSDNcomponent:

•  Monitorsandreportsvariouscontextinformation.

•  Implementsnetworkpolicies.

•  Offloadsfine-grainedfunctionalitytotheenddevice.

8



FlexStream Benefits

•  Offloadsintrusiveorresource-demandingtasksfromthenetworktoenddevices.

•  Allowsforfine-grainedandintelligentmanagementofbandwidthbasedonrealtimecontextawarenessandspecifiedpolicy.

•  Flexibleimplementationofnetworkpolicies.

•  ImprovesvideoQoE:

•  Reducesqualityswitchingby81%,stallsby92%,andstartupdelayby44%.

•  Offersuniversalapproachtoworkacrossnetworktechnologies,WiFiandcellular.

•  Hasnodependencyontheinternalnetworksupport.

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SystemOverviewandArchitecture

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UtilizingSDNonEndDevice(extremeSDN)

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Userspace

SDNcontroller(LC)

Kernel

SDNForwardingelement(ovs)

Resourcemanagement(cloudorwirelessnetwork

infrastructure)

SDNPlanesandLayers

ApplyingnetworkpoliciesusingSDNcomponentson

anenddevice.



FlexStream–Overview

12

SDN

DeviceAgent

VideoPlayer

UserPreferences

Data Collection 1

Flowstatistics(OVS),devicecontext,usercontext

Videometa-data,devicecontext

Resourceallocation,adminpolices

Control & Management

Policyrules

Videotraffic

Policy Implementation

2

3Fine-grainedcontroloverdataflows

Mediaserver

FlexStreamController

ControlChannel

DataChannel



FlexStream–Architecture

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FlexStream–Context-Awareness

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•  Supportsvariousmanagementpoliciesbasedonthedifferentcontextsfor:

•  Fairandbalancedwatchingexperience.

•  Maximizingvideosbitrates.

•  Betterbandwidthutilization.

Device

Environment User

Traffic Video

Network

ContextFactors

ScreenSize SurroundingLuminance



FlexStreamController–OptimizationModule

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OptimizationProblem

PenaltyFunction

UtilityFunction



ImplementationChallenges

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•  Forwardthepackettoanoutputport•  ForwardtoSDNcontroller•  Dropthepacket•  Mirrorthepacket•  Modifypacketheaders.

OVSdoesnotsupportdataratecontrol

OVS&OpenFlowprotocolareextendedtocontrolandlimitdataratethroughTCPflow

controlmechanism

OpenvSwitchflowtable

•  ExtendingSDNplanestoenablecontrollingthedatarateontheenddevice.



ImplementationChallenges

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•  ItispossibletobindOVStoWi-Fiinterface,butnottothecellularinterface:•  Usesdifferenttechnologiesandprotocolstoconnecttoitsbasestation.•  MovingtheIPaddressofthecellularinterfacetoOVSimmediatelybreakstheconnection

withthebasestation.

•  Typicalsolution?•  UsingaWi-Fiaccesspointasamediator,butdoesnotallowfordirectexperimentation.

•  FlexStream?•  InstallinganumberofrulestotheOVSflowtabletorewritethesource/destinationIPandMACaddresseswithOVSaddressestoforcealltraffictopassthroughOVS.



Evaluation

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Evaluation

• QualityMetrics:Stability,fairness,stalls,andstartuplatency.• Scenarios:StaticBandwidthandDynamicBandwidth• Experiments

•  Basic:3realplayersinarealnetwork.

•  Extended:12emulatedplayers&server,realnetwork.

• Context:Userpriority,screensize,linkcondition,backgroundtraffic,andsurroundingluminance.

• Overheads:Computationandbandwidth.

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SetupforBasicExperiments

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FlexStreamcontroller(Ubuntu14.04)

Proxyserver(Squidv3.1)TCLinuxtolimitdatarate

PublicHTTPserverCelltower

InternetMediastream

Nexus7(7”)

Nexus4(4.8”)

OVS(v1.9)OpenFlow(v1.2)OVS-VSCTL(v1.9)OVS-OFCTL(v1.9)GPAC(v0.6.2-

DEV)DeviceAgent

Bigbuckbunny

WiFiAP(Ubuntu12.04)

9:00min



SetupforExtendedExperiments

21

Globalcontroller(Ubuntu14.04)

Proxyserver(Squidv3.1)TCLinuxtolimitdatarate

PublicHTTPServerCelltower

InternetMediastream

Nexus7(7”)

Nexus4(4.8”)

OVS(v1.9)OpenFlow(v1.2)OVS-VSCTL(v1.9)OVS-OFCTL(v1.9)GPAC(v0.6.2-

DEV)DeviceAgent

Bigbuckbunny

WiFiAP(Ubuntu12.04)

9:00min

Playeremulator

ServerEmulator

Dummyvideosegmentsequivalentinsizeanddistributiontothoseusedinthebasic

experiment



BasicExperiments

22

Experimentswithdifferentnetworkcapacities,startingfrom2500Kbpsto8500Kbpswithanincreaseof1500Kbps.

Averagebitrateswitchesperdevice BalancedQoEforphonesandtablet



BasicExperiments

23

FlexStreamabilitytoconsideruserpriorityand

screensize

Impactofbackgroundtrafficonstabilitywithnocontrol

NoControl FlexStream



BasicExperiments–Cellular

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Improvedstabilityandfairnesswith

FlexStream

Instabilityandunfairnesswithno

control

Totalthroughputmeasuredbyallvideo

players



ExtendedExperiments

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Stability StallDuration

StartupDelay

JFI

Fairness



FlexStreamOverheads

• GPACplayerstreams1.4MbpsvideowhileDAisrunninginthebackground:

•  CPUutilizationOverhead?

•  TheCPUusageisaround1%

•  BandwidthOverhead?

•  ThetotalnumberofbytessentandreceivedwhilestreamingthewholevideoismeasuredwithandwithoutenablingFlexStream.

•  FlexStreamfeedbackandcontrolmessagesfoundtoincurlessthan0.00004%ofthetotalbandwidthneededtostreamthewholevideo.

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Conclusion and Future work

• Weintroduced:•  SDN-basedframeworkthatextendsSDNfunctionalitytomobileenddevices.

•  AnoptimizationmethodtoimprovevideoQoEconsideringvariouscontextinformation,andvalidateitusingrealexperiments.

•  ThefirstworkingimplementationoftheSDNextensiontocommoditymobiledevicesthatrunsoverWiFiandcellularwithoutsupportfromthenetworkinfrastructure.

•  Futurework:IntegratingFlexStreamintotheexistingnetworkpolicyfunctionsandobtaininglinkcapacityandotherstatefromthenetworkdirectly.

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QUESTIONS

28

Thank You!

https://music.lab.vcu.edu/

[email protected]

ibrahim ben mustafa tamer nadeem emir halepovic · © 2018 at&t intellectual property. all...

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