icar-iiopr annual report 2014-15 idopr.gov.in/reports/annualreport2014-15.pdfi icar-iiopr annual...

iICAR-IIOPR ANNUAL REPORT 2014-15

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iICAR-IIOPR ANNUAL REPORT 2014-15

Annual Report2014-15

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ICAR-IIOPR Annual Report 2014-15

Correct CitationAnnual Report 2014 - 15ICAR - Indian Institute of Oil Palm ResearchPedavegi - 534 450, Andhra Pradesh, India

Published by

Dr. P. KalidasDirector (Actg.), ICAR-Indian Institute of Oil Palm ResearchPedavegi - 534 450, West Godavari (Dt.), Andhra PradeshPhone : 08812 - 259409, 259532, 259524Fax : 08812 - 259531E-mail : [email protected] site : http://dopr.gov.in

Compiled and Edited by

Dr. P. KalidasDr. K. SureshMrs. A. BhanusriDr. G. RavichandranDr. D. RamajayamDr. S. K. BeheraDr. L. SaravananDr. K. L. Mary Rani

Hindi Translation

Dr. R.K. MathurMr. Md. Sajid Mustaque

Printed atSwapna Art Home, Vijayawada 520 002, Ph : 92464 64115

All rights are reserved. No part of this book shall be reproducedor transmitted in any form by print, microfilm or any othermeans without written permission of the Director, ICAR-IndianInstitute of Oil Palm Research, Pedavegi.

ISBN : 81-87561-43-2

iiiICAR-IIOPR ANNUAL REPORT 2014-15

1. Preface ................................................................................................................................................................01

2. N˛ÁÆ|N˛Á∫y ÃÁ∫ÁÊΔ ...............................................................................................................................................03

Executive Summary ........................................................................................................................................07

3. Introduction ......................................................................................................................................................11

4. Research Achievements ...............................................................................................................................15

4.1 Genetic Resource Management ..........................................................................................................15

4.2 Production System Management ......................................................................................................30

4.3 Physiology, Biochemistry and Post Harvest Technology ............................................................33

4.4 Plant Health Management ....................................................................................................................39

4.5 Social Sciences .........................................................................................................................................45

5. Transfer of Technology and Education ...................................................................................................51

6. Awards and Recognitions ............................................................................................................................55

7. Linkages and Collaborations ......................................................................................................................57

8. AICRP / Co-ordination Unit ...........................................................................................................................59

9. List of Publications ........................................................................................................................................61

10. Training and Capacity Building ...................................................................................................................65

11. Participation in Conferences, Seminars, Symposia etc. ......................................................................67

12. List of Ongoing Projects ...............................................................................................................................71

13. Consultancy, Patents and Commercialization of Technology ..........................................................73

14. RAC, IRC and IMC meetings ............................................................................................................................75

15. Workshops, Seminars, Summer Institutes, Farmers’ Day and other meetings organised ........77

16. N˛ÁÆÁ|¬Æy ßÁ Á uN¿ ÆÁãƒÆå N˛y TuouƒuáÆÁÂ (Official Language Implementation Activities) ......81

17. Distinguished Visitors ...................................................................................................................................83

18. Personnel ...........................................................................................................................................................85

19. Meteorological Data .......................................................................................................................................87

Appendix-1: RFD for the year 2013-14 ..................................................................................................89

Contents

iv ßÁ Nw˛ EåÏ ú - ßÁ∫oyÆ oz¬oÁ‰g EåÏÃÊáÁå ÃÊÀsÁå, ƒÁu |N˛ üuoƒztå 2014-15

1ICAR-IIOPR ANNUAL REPORT 2014-15

1.1. PPrrefacefacee

I am proud to announce that Directorate of Oil Palm Research has beenupgraded as ICAR-Indian Institute of Oil Palm Research. It is my privilege topresent the Annual Report for the year 2014-15 of this illustrious Institute.

Oil palm has emerged as the largest oil yielding crop (4-6 t oil/ha/ year)over a period of five decades and has become the most economic crop in globalvegetable oil market being utilized for food, industrial applications and biodiesel.India too can emerge as one of the major producers of palm oil, if the identifiedpotential area of 19.33 lakh ha is brought under cultivation. Being introduced

into India on a commercial scale as small holders’ crop under irrigated conditions, there is no doubtabout its performance as yields are comparable to that of the crop grown under traditional environmentsin other countries like Malaysia, Indonesia etc. At present, it is being grown in an area of about 2.62 lakhha with productivity levels reaching as high as 30-35 t FFB/ha/year.

ICAR-Indian Institute of Oil Palm Research (IIOPR) is playing a vital role in ushering the growth ofoil palm sector and in addressing emerging problems in the field. Over the years, the institute hascontributed significantly in developing and popularizing several viable technologies and high yieldinghybrids which have been widely adopted by growers across the Country. During the reported year 2014-15, there has been appreciable progress in different areas. Evaluation of African germplasm has resultedin the identification of a high yielding dura that could play a major role in oil palm crop improvementprogramme in India. Sixteen crosses were produced and supplied to ARS, Pattukottai, Tamil Nadu (AICRPCentre). Nine crosses were processed for supply to seed garden, Mizoram. The oil palm tissue cultureprotocol using immature inflorescence has been licensed to two companies - M/s Sristi Agro BiotechLimited, Howrah, Kolkata and M/s Sheel Biotech Private Limited, New Delhi through M/s AgrInnovateIndia Limited, New Delhi for refinement and commercialization. Diagnosis and RecommendationIntegrated System (DRIS) norms and optimum leaf nutrient concentration ranges for oil palm have beendeveloped for Gujarat and Mizoram States.

I thank Dr. S. Arulraj, Former Director, IIOPR who was instrumental in managing all the activities ofthe Institute during the report period.

I am grateful to the Research Advisory Committee and Institute Management Committee for theirable guidance and valuable suggestions which helped in fixing the priorities. The contribution ofPrioritization, Monitoring and Evaluation Cell is acknowledged for its role in shaping the content andquality of the research output of the Institute.

I am grateful to Dr. S. Ayyappan, Secretary, DARE and Director General, ICAR and Dr. N. K. KrishnaKumar, Deputy Director General (Hort. Sci.), ICAR who have been driving forces behind us and haveextended unparalleled leadership and guidance without which this progress would not have beenpossible. My special thanks to Dr. T. Janakiram, Asst. Director General (Hort. Sci.), ICAR for his guidanceduring the report period.

2 ßÁ Nw˛ EåÏ ú - ßÁ∫oyÆ oz¬oÁ‰g EåÏÃÊáÁå ÃÊÀsÁå, ƒÁu |N˛ üuoƒztå 2014-15

(P. Kalidas)Director (Actg.)

Special thanks are due to the extensive financial and moral support extended by the Departmentof Agriculture and Cooperation, Ministry of Agriculture, Government of India for strengthening the oilpalm research programmes at IIOPR.

Efforts taken by the Administration and Accounts section of the Institute for helping in achieving100 % utilization of the plan funds should find a special mention of appreciation and also for shoulderingthe additional responsibility imposed on them due to the initiation of new research activities withadequate financial support from ICAR and DAC.

My special thanks to the editorial committee for compiling and editing this publication. My wordsof appreciation to Dr. R.K. Mathur and Mr. Md. Sajid Mustaque for taking pains in translating the executivesummary of this report in Hindi.

Efforts made by Dr. K. Suresh and Mrs. A. Bhanusri in bringing out this Annual Report in an exemplarymanner are gratefully acknowledged.

10-06-2015Pedavegi


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EExxecutivecutive Se Summarummaryy

Oil palm could play a critical role in meetingthe vegetable oil requirements in the country,primarily due to the fact that, as compared to othervegetable oil yielding crops, oil palm yields 5 to 10times more oil per unit area. In India, there is anurgent need to increase the production andproductivity of vegetable oils to meet theincreasing per capita consumption along with thepopulation growth. Hence, it is essential that oilpalm cultivation should be promoted throughintensive research and development efforts formoving towards self sufficiency in vegetable oilrequirements of the country. Water and nutrientsplay a critical role in determining oil palmproductivity in India, where the crop is promotedas an irrigated crop due to long dry spells, especiallyduring summer.

During the report period, the Directorate ofOil Palm Research has been upgraded as ICAR-Indian Institute of Oil Palm Research w.e.f.November 28, 2014. At ICAR-IIOPR, research workis being aimed at increasing resource use efficiency.The new technologies are expected to play acritical role in improving oil palm production andproductivity. The Institute could achieve significantprogress especially with reference to geneticresource management and crop managementtechnologies for oil palm.

The mandate of the Institute is to conductmission oriented research on all aspects of oil palmwith an objective to improve the productivity andquality, to serve as a national repository for oil palmgermplasm and clearing house for all researchinformation on oil palm and coordinate nationalresearch programme, to act as center for trainingin research methodology and technology of oilpalm and to generate nucleus planting material.The Institute has sanctioned staff strength of 82,including Director, 22 scientists, 18 technical, 15administrative and 26 skilled support staff, of which

66 are in position. Total budget utilization by theInstitute for 2014-15 was Rs. 964.13 lakhs with arevenue generation of Rs. 75.61 lakhs. During theperiod, nine research projects were implementedand a few objectives from these nine projects wereimplemented as ten externally funded projects. Themajor highlights of achievements recorded duringthe year are presented here:

Genetic Resource Management

Germplasm explorations resulted in collectionof three accessions viz., one each from Mannargudiin Tamil Nadu, Belgaum and Marse in Karnataka.Four dura palms belonging to Guinea Bissau andZambia possessing drought tolerance have beenselected and are being utilized in development ofDxD and DxP crosses. Indigenously collected 52germplasm (IC-0610000 to IC-0610051) wereregistered at ICAR-NBPGR, New Delhi. Eight durapalms (3 from Palode -1 and 5 from Palode – 2)recording FFB yield of more than 200 kg/palm/yearwere selected for hybrid seed production. Theadvanced parental materials of exotic andindigenous types were hybridized for duraimprovement. Sixteen crosses (ten crosses fromIIOPR, RC, Palode, four crosses from PCKL,Athirappilly, and two crosses from Theni) wereproduced and supplied to Agricultural ResearchStation, Pattukottai (TNAU), Tamil Nadu (AICRPCentre). Nine crosses (five crosses from IIOPR, RC,Palode and four crosses from PCKL Athirappilly)were processed for supply to Mizoram seed garden.

Seed studies have indicated that Trichodermaviridae and Neurospora crassa were able todisintegrate the mesocarp within 70 and 60 daysrespectively without affecting the operculum. Anew seed garden with 11 DxD crosses and fourTxT crosses has been established at Goppanapalemin West Godavari District of Andhra Pradesh. Theoil palm tissue culture technology using immature


inflorescence has been licensed to two companies- M/s Sristi Agro Biotech Limited, Howrah, Kolkataand M/s Sheel Biotech Private Limited, New Delhithrough M/s. AgrInnovate India Limited, New Delhi.Molecular characterization of 29 accessionsbelonging to Elaeis guineensis and E. oleiferarevealed that mEgCIR3399 primer gave the highestnumber of alleles (17) and sMo00129 produced thelowest number (6) of alleles.

Production System Management

Fertigation studies indicated that significantlyhigher FFB yields were recorded with 50 % dose ofrecommended NPK fertilizers. Oil palm basedfarming system studies indicated that oil palmcould be integrated with dairy, fodder crop, banana,back yard poultry and vermi-composting unit.Pleurotus florida in combination with 0.25 % ureasolution was efficient in mineralizing the nutrientsfrom shredded pieces of trunk. A specific gravitymethod was developed for estimating alcoholcontent in the fermented sap. Using leaf analysisvalues, Diagnosis and Recommended IntegratedSystem (DRIS) norms and indices were estimatedfor Gujarat and Mizoram States. The requirementorders for different nutrients were found to be K >N > B > P > Mg for Gujarat and B > K > Mg> P > Nfor Mizoram as per DRIS indices. Optimum leafnutrient ranges were also derived for Gujarat andMizoram for routine diagnostic and advisorypurposes.

Physiology, Biochemistry and Post HarvestTechnology

The total carbon sequestered by different oilpalm hybrids ranged from 17.78 T carbon/ha (97 x155 hybrid) to 37.87 T carbon/ha (DXG hybrid).Higher C contents were recorded in the indigenoushybrids namely 113 X 90 and 135 X 57, which wereon par with DXG hybrid. Gas exchange observationsrevealed that closure of stomata in oil palm wasnoticed, when the vapour pressure deficit (VPD)increased from 1.2 kPa. The stomatal conductanceand photosynthetic rate was severely reducedwhen the VPD reached 2.0 kPa. Photosynthesis in

oil palm was significantly limited when VPD wasmore than 4.0 kPa (when air temperature is 38°Cand R.H below 40 per cent). The spectral values at695 nm was the best for clustering the seven classesof N/K deficiency levels in the determination of thebest spectral index for early detection of N/Kimbalance in oil palm plantations. A high degreeof correlation was recorded between monthly yieldand rainfall of 24 months before and also betweenmonthly yield and temperature of 24 monthsbefore values. Height adjustable hydraulic liftplatform was designed and fabricated forharvesting bunches from tall palms. Designed amodel of tractor mounted hydraulic scissor lift toharvest oil palm fresh fruit bunches from tall palms(beyond 6.1 m). Patent application (Application No.3937/CHE/2014) has been filed for the invention“Design and development of oil palm ablation tool”at Patent Office, Chennai. A motorized bunchharvesting tool for back pack model of oil palmharvesting equipment was developed incollaboration with ICAR- CIAE.

Plant Health Management

Studies on population dynamics in bag wormrevealed that temperatures above 45oC aredetrimental for the pest growth. Life table studiesof bag worm indicated that the pest could take 101days for completion of seven larval stages. Thefourth instar stage took maximum days (19)followed by third, sixth and second instars (16, 15and 14 days respectively). Pupal parasitoidBrachymeria sp. was observed as predominantparasitoid for bag worms. The leaf webworm on oilpalm was identified as Acria meyricki (Depressarii-dae: Lepidoptera) by Insect Identification Unit,Division of Entomology, Indian AgriculturalResearch Institute, New Delhi. The larvae of leaf webworm were found parasitized by two biocontrolagents viz., Apanteles hyposidrae (Braconidae;Hymenoptera) and Elasmus brevicornis (Elasmidae;Hymenoptera). The population of pollinatingweevil E. kamerunicus per spikelet in oil palm wasless during April, May and June, whereas December,January and February months were found to beideal for the development of the weevil.

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY


Transfer of Technology

Training programmes on oil palm productiontechnology were organised to 98 officers. Fifteenone day farmers training programmes on oil palmwere organised to 681 farmers from AndhraPradesh, Gujarat, Chhattisgarh and Telangana.Seven one day on-farm farmers trainingprogrammes were organised to 266 oil palmgrowers from Andhra Pradesh and Telangana.Organized five farmers field schools on fertilizermanagement to 77 farmers of Andhra Pradesh and60 farmers of Mizoram and one farmers field schoolon irrigation management to 34 farmers of Andhra

Pradesh. Published 568 text SMS in four languagesto 9.43 lakh mobile numbers covering 12 statesthrough farmers portal of Department ofAgriculture and Cooperation, Government of India.Published 272 voice messages to 5.73 lakhnumbers in 4 languages. Data of 5,227 entriescovering 4 states were compiled and loaded intodatabase. 3,775 unique mobile numbers wereretrieved during the year. Sent text and voicemessages to 19,301 and 22,000 unique numbersrespectively. Feed back was received from growerson various aspects of oil palm cultivation throughphone calls and 304 phone calls were answered forqueries pertaining to oil palm cultivation.

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

icar-iiopr annual report 2014-15 idopr.gov.in/reports/annualreport2014-15.pdfi icar-iiopr annual...

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