iccl summer school dresden 2013 semantic web - international
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August 2013 – ICCL Summer School Dresden – Pascal Hitzler
ICCL Summer School Dresden 2013 Semantic Web – Ontology Languages and
Their Use
Pascal Hitzler Kno.e.sis Center
Wright State University, Dayton, OH http://www.knoesis.org/pascal/
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Big Data
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Big Data
Big Data is characterized not only by the enormous volume or the velocity of its generation but also by the heterogeneity, diversity and complexity of the data.
Suzi Iacono, source: http://community.topcoder.com/coeci/nitrd/
• volume: the sheer size of the data • velocity: new data is added at breathtaking speed • variety: different formats and different perspectives Sometimes mentioned: • value: how useful is the data? • veracity: how good/reliable is the data? however, these can also be subsumed under “variety”.
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Linked Data: Volume
Number of Datasets 2011-09-19 295 2010-09-22 203 2009-07-14 95 2008-09-18 45 2007-10-08 25 2007-05-01 12
Number of triples (Sept 2011) 31,634,213,770 with 503,998,829 out-links
From http://www4.wiwiss.fu-berlin.de/lodcloud/state/
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Linked Data 2011
Jens Lehmann (Linked Data Lifecycle) Peter Haase (Linked Data Applications)
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Information as RDF triples / graph
LOTR hasAuthor Tolkien . Hobbit hasAuthor Tolkien . LOTR hasCharacter Bilbo . Hobbit hasCharacter Bilbo .
LOTR
Hobbit
Tolkien
Bilbo
hasAuthor
hasAuthor
hasCharacter
hasCharacter
Sebastian Rudolph (RDF)
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DBpedia: LOTR page
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Linked Data: Volume
Geoindexed Linked Data – courtesy of Krzysztof Janowicz http://stko.geog.ucsb.edu/location_linked_data
Krzysztof Janowicz (geospatial semantics)
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Data Velocity
• Weather sensors • Tweets • Satellite images • …
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Linked Data: Variety
Copernicus lunar crater located on earth – courtesy of Krzysztof Janowicz http://stko.geog.ucsb.edu/location_linked_data (missing reference coordinate system)
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Linked Data: Variety and Value (GovTrack)
“Nancy Pelosi voted in favor of the Health Care Bill.”
Bills:h3962
H.R. 3962: Affordable Health Care for America
Act
Votes:2009-887/+
people/P000197
Nancy Pelosi On Passage: H R 3962 Affordable Health Care for
America Act
Vote: 2009-887
vote:hasAction
vote:vote
dc:title
vote:hasOption
rdfs:label Aye
dc:title
vote:votedBy
name
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Linked Data: Variety and Veracity
Geoindexed Linked Data – courtesy of Krzysztof Janowicz http://stko.geog.ucsb.edu/location_linked_data
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Linked Data: Variety and Veracity
Courtesy of Krzysztof Janowicz http://stko.geog.ucsb.edu/location_linked_data
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Linked Data: Veriety and Veracity
Courtesy of Krzysztof Janowicz http://stko.geog.ucsb.edu/location_linked_data
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Big Data: My take
Variety can be handled with existing methods if volume and
velocity are small. Big Data research is primarily about methods for handling variety if
volume and velocity are so high that existing methods fail.
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• ... Agent 1
Thing
Person 2
Ontology description
Agent 2
exchange of symbols
‘‘beetle“
Concept MA1
HA1 HA2 MA2
Symbol
Specific Domain, e.g. Animals
agreement Ontology
Semantics
Person 1
exchange of symbols
agreement
Basic Idea of the Semantic Web
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Ontology Example
x:Professor
x:Employee
x:PhD-Student
x:Student
x:Tutor
rdfs:Class
x:Rudi x:Daniel x:Raphael
subClass
instantiation
Declaration of classes
x:Professor
x:PhD-Student
x:email
x:supervises
x:advises
x:Employee x:Employee
rdf:Literal
x:Student
rdfs:domain
rdfs:domain
rdfs:domain
rdfs:range
rdfs:range
rdfs:range
x:responsible_for
rdfs:subPropertyOf
rdfs:subPropertyOf
Declaration of properties
schema knowledge PhDStudent v 9advisedBy.Professor rules responsible_for(y,x) Æ Professor(y) ! Employee(x)
Sebastian Rudolph (RDF) Franz Baader (Description Logics) Pascal Hitzler (Ontologies and Rules) Markus Krötzsch (Lightweight Ontology Languages) Matthias Knorr (Unifying Semantic Web Logic) Thomas Eiter (Querying Ontologies)
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Basic Idea of the Semantic Web
Ontology represents
general domain knowledge
DL Rules Krötzsch, Rudolph, Hitzler ECAI 2008
Data e.g. on Websites
e.g. every publication has an author
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DL Rules Krötzsch, Rudolph, Hitzler ECAI 2008
e.g. every publication has an author
Publication
Event
Title
Author
Basic Idea of the Semantic Web
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DL Rules Krötzsch, Rudolph, Hitzler ECAI 2008
Basic Idea of the Semantic Web
Ontology represents
general domain knowledge
Data e.g. on Websites
e.g. every publication has an author
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Basic Idea of the Semantic Web
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Basic Idea of the Semantic Web
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Applications
Uwe Aßmann (Model Checking Applications) Peter Haase (Linked Data Applications at fluidOps) Krzysztof Janowicz (Geoscience Applications)
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Programme
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General References
• Pascal Hitzler, Markus Krötzsch, Sebastian Rudolph, Foundations of Semantic Web Technologies. Chapman and Hall/CRC Press, 2009.
• Pascal Hitzler, Frank van Harmelen, A reasonable Semantic Web. Semantic Web 1(1-2), 39-44, 2010.
• Prateek Jain, Pascal Hitzler, Peter Z. Yeh, Kunal Verma, Amit P. Sheth, Linked Data is Merely More Data. In: Dan Brickley, Vinay K. Chaudhri, Harry Halpin, Deborah McGuinness: Linked Data Meets Artificial Intelligence. Technical Report SS-10-07, AAAI Press, Menlo Park, California, 2010, pp. 82-86. ISBN 978-1-57735-461-1. Proceedings of LinkedAI at the AAAI Spring Symposium, March 2010.
• Pascal Hitzler, Krzysztof Janowicz, Linked Data, Big Data, and the 4th Paradigm. Semantic Web 4 (3), 2013, 233-235.