ice road construction guidelines (russia)

8/18/2019 Ice Road Construction Guidelines (Russia)

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Bema Gold Corporation

Pevek-Kupol Winter RoadRegulations

CONSTRUCTION GUIDELINES

Prepared by:

Bema Gold Corporation

December 2005


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1.0 Ice thicknessThe thickness of ice required to construct or operate along the Kupol Road is based

on experience gained at Diavak (Canadian Northwest Territories) and Prudhoe Bay

(Alaska).1.1 Fresh water construction ice thickness

During construction of the ice road, fresh water ice thickness is based on the formula:

Y = (71.11633*X2)/2000

Where:

Y = loading (tons);

X = Ice thickness (inches)

Table 1 identifies the thicknesses based on the above equation. Figure 1 plots the

correlation and can be used for interpolation of thicknesses not presented in Table 1.

1.2 Fresh water operations ice thickness

During operations, when the road will be used extensively, fresh water ice thickness

is based on the formula:

Y = (85.33958 * X2)/2000

Where:

Y = loading (tons);X = Ice thickness (inches)



1.3 Salt water construction or operational ice thickness

In the event that the ice road crosses an area with salt water, the following equation

supercedes the previous two equations. It is based on the formula:

Y = (66.1*X

2

– 241.68*X + 1125.6)/2000Where:

Y = loading (tons);X = ice thickness (inches).



Winter Road Regulations, Volume 2 1


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Table 1. Minimum Ice Thickness Required to Support Various Loads

Fresh Water Salt Water

Ice Thickness

(inches/centimeters)Construction

(tons/tonnes)

Operations

(tons/tonnes)

Const/Operations

(tons/tonnes)

6 15.2 1.3 1.1 1.5 1.4 1.0 1.7

7 17.8 1.7 1.5 2.1 1.9 1.3 2.3

8 20.3 2.3 1.9 2.7 2.5 1.7 3.0

9 22.9 2.9 2.4 3.5 3.2 2.2 3.8

10 25.4 3.6 2.9 4.3 3.9 2.7 4.7

15 38.1 8.0 6.8 9.6 8.8 6.2 10.6

20 50.8 14.2 12.5 17.1 15.6 11.4 18.8

25 63.5 22.2 20.0 26.7 24.4 18.2 29.3

30 76.2 32.0 29.3 38.4 35.2 26.7 42.2

35 88.9 43.6 40.5 52.3 47.9 36.8 57.4

40 101.6 56.9 53.4 68.3 62.5 48.6 75.0

45 114.3 72.0 68.2 86.4 79.1 62.1 95.050 127.0 88.9 84.8 106.7 97.7 77.1 117.2

55 139.7 107.6 103.2 129.1 118.2 93.9 141.8

60 152.4 128.0 123.4 153.6 140.7 112.3 168.8

65 165.1 150.2 145.4 180.3 165.1 132.3 198.1

66 167.6 154.9 150.1 185.9 170.2 136.6 204.3

67 170.2 159.6 154.8 191.5 175.4 140.8 210.5

68 172.7 164.4 159.5 197.3 180.7 145.2 216.8

69 175.3 169.3 164.4 203.2 186.0 149.6 223.2

Note 1: do not use this table for salt ice if air temp is above +15F (-9.4 ºC)

Note 2: do not use this table if there is water on top of the ice

Note 3: watch closely for cracks if loads are repetitive Note 4: less than 6” (15.2 cm) creates variable ice conditions and makes vehicle

travel VERY dangerous.


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Required Ice Thicknesses

0.0

20.0

40.0

60.0

80.0

100.0

120.0

140.0

160.0

180.0

200.0

6 16 26 36 46 56Ice Thickness (Inches)

L o a d i n g

( t o n s )

Figure 1. Ice Thickness


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2.0 Construction Standards and Procedures

This section provides equipment specific guidance for construction of the winter road.

It is designed to be used as a guide but not to interfere with common sense. In allcases it is the supervisors’ responsibility to ensure that the equipment operators are

trained in these procedures. It is the operators’ responsibility to ensure that these

instructions are understood and followed. At the start of the shift, and at any timeduring the shift, when the equipment operator stops for lunch and at the end of the

shift, the operator must do a walk around inspection of the equipment and report all

defects on the sheets provided. Ensure that the supervisor is made aware of the defects.Additionally, a logbook will be available in each piece of equipment for the operator to

note defects.

In all cases, the operator will have the weight of the vehicle and the appropriate ice

thicknesses clearly displayed within the cab. The operator will know the thickness ofthe ice that is in the work area. At the 1st sign of break through, the operator will

abandon the vehicle.

When operating on the ice, the Operator must be on the look out for the

following potential hazards:

• Floodwater;

• Weeping cracks (approximately 2 inches either side of the crack);

• Cracks making water (water seeping out of the crack continuously); and,

• Cracks that are noticeable (appear) in the windrows.

When an operator observes the above conditions, the supervisor must be notifiedimmediately and the supervisor must go to the location and assess the situation.

On either side of the Ice road there are windrows, they are the boundaries of the iceroad. Never attempt to go through or cross the windrow. The thickness of the ice may

differ by, as much as 20 inches or more, from that on the ice road. The thickness may

be less than that is required to support the piece of equipment.

In consultation with their supervisor, operators of haulage equipment must know the

maximum load that can safely be carried, the maximum downgrade speed and the

gear selection to be used on the equipment that they are operating. No person shallmove any unit of mobile equipment in the vicinity of a drop-off unless a barrier has been

erected to prevent equipment from going over the drop-off.

Where mobile equipment is disabled or parked in the traveled portion of a roadway, awarning to approaching traffic shall be given by means of flashing lights, lamps,

flares or reflectors, or a person equipped to be clearly visible and identifiable, shall direct

other vehicles using that section of roadway.



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When parking a piece of equipment or when the operator leaves the cab of a machine,

all raised hydraulics must be lowered to the ground or supported in a safe manner.

In the event that the operator is unsure of any situation, work must be stopped

immediately and the situation clarified by the supervisor.

2.1 Dozer D65EX-15

The weight of a D65-EX-15 is approximately 22.2 tons. MINIMUM ice thickness

requirements are:

• During construction: 25 inches (64 centimeters);

• During operations: 23 inches (58 centimeters); and,

• Salt water crossings: 27 inches (69 centimeters).

The driver will keep a minimum of ½ kilometers between vehicles when traveling to

and from the location where the road is being constructed on the ice. When travelingacross the ice, the drivers will always have the blade on the ice. This will distribute

the weight over a larger area. Never bounce the dozer on the ice. NEVER PARK A

VEHICLE ON THE ICE.

2.1.1 Dozer Equipment

Each dozer will have the following equipment:

• Fire Extinguisher;

•

First aid kit;• Propane Bottle and torch (small canister attached outside the cab);

• Flashlight; and,

• Shovel.

2.2 D375-A5

The weight of a D375-A5 is approximately 74.2 tons. MINIMUM ice thicknessrequirements are:


• During operations: 42 inches (107 centimeters); and,• Salt water crossings: 50 inches (127 centimeters).


and from the location where the road is being constructed on the ice. When traveling

across the ice, the drivers will always have the blade on the ice. This will distribute

the weight over a larger area. Never bounce the dozer on the ice. NEVER PARK AVEHICLE ON THE ICE.



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2.2.1 D375-A5 Equipment



• First aid kit;

• Propane Bottle and torch (small canister attached outside the cab);


• Shovel.

2.3 Dozer D61PX-15

The weight of a D61PX-15 is approximately 16.6 tons. MINIMUM ice thicknessrequirements are:






across the ice, the drivers will always have the blade on the ice. This will distributethe weight over a larger area. Never bounce the dozer on the ice. NEVER PARK A

VEHICLE ON THE ICE.




• First aid kit;



•

Shovel.

2.4 D155AX-3 Dozer

The weight of a D155AX-3 is approximately 42.3 tons. MINIMUM ice thickness

requirements are:




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The driver will keep a minimum of ½ kilometers between vehicles when traveling toand from the location where the road is being constructed on the ice. When traveling

across the ice, the drivers will always have the blade on the ice. This will distribute





• First aid kit;

•

Propane Bottle and torch (small canister attached outside the cab);• Flashlight; and,

• Shovel.

2.5 Loader WA-5003LK (with bucket)

The weight of a WA-5003LK (with bucket) is approximately 33.6 tons. MINIMUM

ice thickness requirements are:







VEHICLE ON THE ICE.

2.5.1 Loader WA-5003LK (with bucket)

Each loader will have the following equipment:


• First aid kit;



• Shovel.



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2.6 Loader WA380-5 (with bucket)

The weight of a WA380-5 (with bucket) is approximately 19.4 tons. MINIMUM ice

thickness requirements are:







VEHICLE ON THE ICE.

2.6.1 Loader Equipment



• First aid kit;



• Shovel.

2.7 Loader WA250-5 (with bucket)

The weight of a WA250-5 (with bucket) is approximately 12.4 tons. MINIMUM icethickness requirements are:









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2.7.1 Loader Equipment



• First aid kit;

• Propane Bottle and torch;


• Shovel.

2.8 Grader 825-A2

The weight of a Grader 825-A2 is approximately 29.2 tons. MINIMUM ice thickness

requirements are:

• During construction: 28 inches (71 centimeters);• During operations: 27 inches (69 centimeters); and,





VEHICLE ON THE ICE.

2.8.1 Grader Equipment

Each grader will have the following equipment:


• First aid kit;

• Propane Bottle and torch;


• Shovel.

2.9 Dumptruck HM350-1

The weight of a dumptruck (HM350-1) is approximately 31.5 tons. MINIMUM ice

thickness requirements are:






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the weight over a larger area. Never bounce the dozer on the ice. NEVER PARK A

VEHICLE ON THE ICE.

2.9.1 Dumptruck equipment

Each dumptruck will have the following equipment:


• First aid kit;

• Propane bottle and torch (small canister attached outside the cab);


• Shovel.

2.10 Water trucks (Kamaz, Iveco-Ural, Komatsu)

The water trucks shall be considered fully loaded and have the following MINIMUMice thickness requirements:

Kamaz (16.7 tons)


• During operations: 22inches (56 centimeters); and,


Iveco-Ural (14.1 tons)




Komatsu 350-1 (45 tonnes)




On reaching the portage, auger a hole through the ice to locate a sufficient depth of

water and measure the ice thickness. Ensure the total depth to the bottom of the

lake is NO more than 5 feet where you take on water. (ice+water).

Park the water truck on land or as near to the land as possible when filling with water.



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Always park the water truck facing the Land when taking on water. Fill the water tank and

drive straight onto the land. Never stop the water truck on lake or stream ice.


ice road construction guidelines (russia)

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