ices advises on sustainable management of fish stocks and ... - colm...ices advisory committee...
TRANSCRIPT
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ICES advises on sustainable management of fish stocks and marine ecosystems -
How?
Colm Lordan ICES Advisory Committee
Vice-Chair
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My background• Life long fisheries scientist!
• PhD in fisheries science University College Cork
• 20 Years experience in the Irish Marine Institute
• Deep sea fisheries
• Tuna
• Nephrops stocks
• Demersal fish
• Participant in ~ 70 ICES expert groups (Chaired 16)
• Vice Chair of ACOM for since Jan 2018. @ColmPers@ICES_ASC@MarineInst
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Todays talk
• What is ICES?
• Context of the advice?
• How is ICES advice produced?
• Data
• How does ICES assess the state of fish stocks?
• Precautionary and MSY Reference Points
• ICES and the ecosystem approach
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• Global organization that develops science and advice to support the sustainable use of the seas and oceans
• Network of 5000 experts from 700 institutes and organizations
• 1500 experts participate in the activities annually
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ICES Strategic Plan 2019
http://www.ices.dk/explore-us/strategicplan/Pages/default.aspx
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ICES Science Plan 2019
https://issuu.com/icesdk/docs/ices_science_plan_2019_web
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• ICES provides best available, scientific advice to international & national authorities
• Advice on over 240 fish stocks, bycatch advice, deep sea impact, vulnerable marine habitats, marine protected areas and other marine ecosystem related advice
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• Recurrent - yearly advice: On fishing opportunities on more than 240 stocks On ecosystem impacts of fishing activities Ecosystem and Fisheries Overviews – in ecoregions
• Other advice: special requests on marine ecosystems: e.g. impacts of fisheries,
pressures and impacts on seafloor, evaluation of fisheries management strategies, impacts of climate change on fish stocks, evaluation of vulnerable marine habitats
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•Fish are a LIMITED, MOBILE and PUBLIC resource
•excessive exploitation leads to reduced productivity and possible irreversible damage
• fisheries in one MS impacts the fishing opportunities of other MS
• public resource exploited by the fishing industry
Internationally-coordinated management required for sustainable fisheries
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International agreements
•Global agreements
• Policy of the clients of the advice (commissions, governments)
Policy objectives
• Precautionary Approach (PA)
•Maximum Sustainable Yield (MSY)
• Ecosystem-based approach
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International agreements and policies:• UN Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS 1982) -MSY• UN Conference on Environment and Development (UNCED, 1992) -precautionary approach• UN Straddling Fish Stocks Agreement of 1995 (UNFSA 1995) - precautionary approach• Convention on Biological Diversity (UN CBD, 1992) - ecosystem approach• Johannesburg Declaration of the World Summit on Sustainable Development (WSSD UN 2002)-
ecosystem approach & MSY
National and regional legislation:including CFP, MSFD, Norwegian Marine Resources Act, Russian Federal Law on Fisheries, Icelandic Fisheries Management Act, Faroe Islands Fisheries Management Act
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ICES Advisory Committee (ACOM) is responsible of delivering ICES advice
• ACOM responds to requests for advice from ICES member countries, international commissions and organizations, and fisheries and ecosystem management bodies
• The advice is based on the precautionary principle and the ecosystem approach, conforming to the management objectives of those authorities
• ACOM works with stakeholders to ensure that the advice is understandable and relevant to society
• ACOM consists of a Chair, four Vice-Chairs, and 20 members (one representative from each of our 20 member countries)
http://www.ices.dk/community/groups/Pages/ACOM.aspx
http://www.ices.dk/community/groups/Pages/ACOM.aspx
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Letter of Agreement with the European Commission
The North Sea and Skagerrak Assessment Working Group with nominated experts from 10 countries meet to analyze and assess the status of stocks -> provide the ICES Advisory Committee (ACOM) with a basis for the advice
Peer Audit of data andmethods.
Independent review of methods at periodic benchmark
ICES AdvisoryCommittee (ACOM) advice drafting group formulates the advice > the advice is finalized and appovred by ACOM-> sent to the advicerequester and published on the ICES website
Example: North Sea Sole
https://www.ices.dk/community/groups/Pages/ACOM.aspx
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Data Collection -MAP
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Information from fish
• Length
• Weight
• Age
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Information on population trends: surveys
• Trawls• Acoustics• Plankton• UWTV
Research vessels & industry
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Information from catch
• Amount• Location• Timing• Bycatch
From ports, log books & observers
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How do we use this information?Take a stock of fish:
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Every stock has underlying structure
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Add fishing…
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Mortality rate
Change in thenumbers at age
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We also measure the catch
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Population
Relationship????
Landings or Catch
Numbers-at-age
Surveys
Stock
Assessment
Models
Logbooks
Fishery
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Trends in populations from surveys & catches.
Weak cohort Strong cohort
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This produces a stock assessment
North Sea herring
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Reference pointsPrecautionary Approach
Populations need to be maintained within safe biological limits -Certain that reproductive success is not impaired
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ICES Precautionary Approach
Blim limit reference points associated with reduced reproductive capacity
Bpa precautionary reference points: “buffers” to account for assessment uncertainty
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Maximising Yield•Yield curve shows yield as function of fishing mortality or fishing effort
MSY
Fishing mortality or effort
Yield
FMSY
Fcrash
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Reference pointsmaximum sustainable yield (MSY)
ICES interpretation of MSY is maximization of average long-term yield from sustainable stocks
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Reference pointsmaximum sustainable yield (MSY)
Ecosystem Approach
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To provide the advice for next year’s catches
We project forward with our best knowledge(maturity, growth, recruits, impact of fishing gear, natural death etc.) across a range of fishing scenarios.
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Hierarchy of Advice
Advice is based on clients requestsand is consistent with their policy objectives and frameworks:e.g. EU MAP
Taking into account precautionaryand MSY objectives
~100 stocks Cat 1~80 Stocks Cat 3~ 70 Stocks Cat 4, 5, 6
http://www.ices.dk/sites/pub/Publication%20Reports/Advice/2018/2018/Introduction_to_advice_2018.pdf
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Scenarios set out in management plans
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All management strategies in the ICES area are tested using simulations
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ICES MBlimSY approach for Category 1 stocks
Maximize long term average yield while safeguarding against low SSB
MSY Btrigger: lower end of biomass fluctuation expected when fishing at FMSY
MSY Btrigger
FMSY
SSB at start of advisory year
more cautionneededbelow Blim
F
ICES Advice Rule
MSY reference points are capped so that advice from MSY approach is also precautionary
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Hake – Northern stock (3.a, 4, 6, 7, 8.abd)
• Spawning stock increased significantly since 2006 and it is well above historical estimates.
• Fishing pressure below FMSY since 2012
• Recruitment is variable without trend. Recent recruitment is uncertain.
• Catch 2018: 96 188 t of which 7% discards
Advice for 2020: MSY: Catch ≤ 104 763 t
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Hake – Northern stock (3.a, 4, 6, 7, 8.abd)
F(2019) = 0.24 (Recent average fishing pressure (2016-2018));SSB (2020)= 276 565 t > MSYBtrigger (56 000 t) FMSY= 0.26
Bas isTotal catch
(2020)
Wanted
catch
(2020)
Unwanted
catch(2020
)
Ftotal (2020)Fwanted (2020)
Funwanted (2020)
SSB (2021)% SSB
change **
% Advice
change
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MSY approach = FMSY 104763 97949 6814 0.26 0.21 0.048 263204 −5% −26%
EU MAP ^: FMSY 104763 97949 6814 0.26 0.21 0.048 263204 −5% −26%F = MAP FMSY lower 76334 71455 4878 0.18 0.147 0.033 290273 5% −46%F = MAP FMSY upper 147839 137934 9905 0.4 0.33 0.074 222251 −20% 4%F = 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 363109 31% −100%
Fpa 197127 183380 13747 0.6 0.49 0.111 175485 −37% 39%
Flim 241643 224025 17618 0.84 0.68 0.155 133316 −52% 70%
SSB (2021) = B lim 339516 310343 29174 2 1.64 0.37 40037 −86% 139%
SSB (2021) = Bpa 323035 296383 26652 1.66 1.35 0.31 56000 −80% 127%
SSB (2021) = MSY Btrigger 323035 296383 26652 1.66 1.35 0.31 56000 −80% 127%
F = F2019 97699 91373 6326 0.24 0.195 0.044 269927 -2% −31%
EU Recovery Plan ^^ 101394 94814 6580 0.25 0.2 0.046 266410 −4% −29%
ICES advice bas is
Other scenarios
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Principles of EBM
• management of human activities
• consideration of collective pressures
• achievement of good environmental status
• sustainable use
• optimization of benefits among diverse societal goals
• regionalization
• trade-offs
• stewardship for future generations
http://www.ices.dk/explore-us/Documents/ICES%20and%20EBM.pdfhttps://www.ices.dk/community/advisory-process/Pages/ICES-ecosystems-and-advisory-areas.aspx
ICES ecoregions
http://www.ices.dk/explore-us/Documents/ICES%20and%20EBM.pdfhttps://www.ices.dk/community/advisory-process/Pages/ICES-ecosystems-and-advisory-areas.aspx
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Resource management & biodiversity conservation objectives
• ICES is the science adviser to NEAFC and answers annual requests from OSPAR.
• NEAFC and OSPAR work together through their “collective arrangement”
• ICES is a key science advisor to both EU DGMARE (CFP) and EU DGENV (MSFD and Habitats & Birds Directives)
https://www.ospar.org/about/international-cooperation/collective-arrangement
Advice must be consistent across objectives, & bridge underlining paradigms
https://www.ospar.org/about/international-cooperation/collective-arrangement
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Making advice for EBFM operational…(Ecosystem-Based Fisheries Management)
1. Influence of a dynamic ecosystem on fisheries
2. Impact of fisheries on the ecosystem
3. Put fisheries into context of other maritime activities & pressures
4. Consequences of tradeoffs between management objectives
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1. Influence of a dynamic ecosystem on fisheries
• Where appropriate, account for productivity changes in stocks (recruitment, growth, natural mortality) in stock assessments, forecasts & reference points
• Consider changes & overlaps in distribution of stocks in advice
• Where appropriate, consider alternative productivity scenarios in management strategy evaluations (MSEs)
• Account for consequences of catches from mixed fisheries in advice
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2. Impact of fisheries on the ecosystem
Develop metrics & report on
• Occurrence & impact of bycatch in fisheries
• Fisheries impact on & services from seabed, including vulnerable marine ecosystems (VMEs)
• Synthesizes of status of fish stocks in an ecoregion
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3. Put fisheries into context of other maritime activities & pressures• Determine the priority anthropogenic pressures in an
ecoregion
• Develop metrics & report on trends in species biodiversity & ecosystem structure
• Provide information & methods for Ecologically or Biologically Significant Marine Areas (EBSAs) designation
• Contribute to assessments of threatened/endangered species & habitats
• Monitor & report the occurrence of invasive species
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4. Consequences of tradeoffs between management objectives
• Integrated ecosystem assessment groups explore suites of management objectives in each ecoregion
• Tools developed for comparing the consequences for tradeoffs between objectives
• Stakeholder engagement to explore methods, ideas & consequences
• Practical application to advice – seabed impact, MSFD & mixed fisheries
Exampleshttps://www.ices.dk/sites/pub/Publication%20Reports/Advice/2017/Special_requests/eu.2017.13.pdfhttp://www.ices.dk/sites/pub/Publication%20Reports/Advice/2018/2018/mix-cs.pdfhttps://www.ices.dk/community/groups/Pages/WKIrish.aspx
https://www.ices.dk/sites/pub/Publication%20Reports/Advice/2017/Special_requests/eu.2017.13.pdfhttp://www.ices.dk/sites/pub/Publication%20Reports/Advice/2018/2018/mix-cs.pdfhttps://www.ices.dk/community/groups/Pages/WKIrish.aspx
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Publishing this advice…
2. Impact of fisheries on the ecosystem
1. Influence of a dynamic ecosystem on fisheries
3. Put fisheries into context of other maritime activities & pressures
https://www.ices.dk/community/advisory-process/Pages/fisheries-overviews.aspxhttps://www.ices.dk/community/advisory-process/Pages/Ecosystem-overviews.aspx
https://www.ices.dk/community/advisory-process/Pages/fisheries-overviews.aspxhttps://www.ices.dk/community/advisory-process/Pages/Ecosystem-overviews.aspx
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Celtic Sea Fisheries Overview
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State of the stocks Celtic Sea Fisheries Overview
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North Sea Ecosystem Overview
Figure 3 Greater North Sea ecoregion overview with the major regional pressures, human activities, and state of the ecosyste
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North Sea Ecosystem Overview
Oil and Gas installations Net Primary productivity
http://www.google.dk/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&frm=1&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&docid=fUBEMped4MhPJM&tbnid=nXB6rwSsB2TlFM:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http://www.nioz.nl/getm-ersem-results&ei=LRh6Uu-gF6XG0QXq6YGoCQ&bvm=bv.55980276,d.ZG4&psig=AFQjCNFXWMGgAgz4mS2kly8I9cm0PAQcfw&ust=1383819685905235
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Summary• A global marine science organization providing for impartial evidence
based advice
• The advice is consistent with policy objectives: PA, MSY and EBM
• Engine room is ~1500 active experts, final advice approved by ACOM
• Data collection is the cornerstone of providing the evidence base
• Population models provide historical stock development; F, SSB and R
• Reference Points are used to evaluate stock status
• Short term projections are used to calculate TACs
• Longer term simulations are used to evaluate management strategies
• Fisheries and ecosystem overviews synthesis knowledge at and ecoregion scale
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www.ices.dk