Arbitrase Privat

PengertianJean Robert

Arbitration means instituting a private jurisdiction by which litigations are withdrawn from the public jurisdictions in order to be resolved by individuals vested, for given case, with the powers to judge such litigations.

Abdul Kadir, dkk

Arbitration is the voluntary submission of a dispute to a person qualified to settle it, with an agreement that the arbitrators decision shall be final and binding.

Chappel

Arbitration is a simple proceeding voluntarily chosen by parties who want a dispute determined by an impartial judge of their own mutual selection, whose decision, based on the merits of the case, they agree in advance to accept as final and binding.

Kelebihan Proses berperkara lebih singkat

Biaya lebih murah

Hakim/arbitrator yang lebih kompeten

Putusan bersifat final & mengikat

Kebebasan pihak untuk menentukan arbitrator, hukum acara & hukum yang berlaku

Tidak ada kewajiban mempublikasikan proses perkara & putusan

Kelemahan Sulit mencapai suatu kesepakatan

Pengakuan & pelaksanaan putusan masih sulit

Tidak mengenal asas preseden hukum ~ Conflicting decision

Perbedaan sistem hukum mempengaruhi konsep arbitrase

an arbitration is as good as arbitrators

an arbitration is worth what the arbitrator is worth

Proses berperkara dapat berlangsung lama & biaya sangat besar

ICSID ICSID is an international institution established under the

Convention on the Settlement of Investment Disputes between States and Nationals of Other States (the ICSID or the Washington Convention).

To provide facilities for conciliation and arbitration of international investment disputes.

Specialized international methods for investment dispute settlement.

Providing facilities for the resolution of legal disputes between eligible parties, through conciliation or arbitration procedures.

Sejarah Pembentukan ICSID

LBB

The Protocol on Arbitration Clauses

The Convention on The Execution of Foreign Arbitral

Awards

ICC

ECOSOC

Convention on The Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign

Arbitral Awards

1923

1927

1953

1958

Konvensi New York 1958

Tindakan nasionalisasi perusahaan-perusahaan asing oleh negara bekas

jajahannya

Convention on The Settlement of Investment Dispute and National of

Others State 1965Bank Dunia

Prancis vs. Tunisia Belanda vs. Indonesia

Penyelesaian sengketa antar investor dengan

negara tuan rumahICSID

Organizational StructureAdministrative Council governing body of ICSID

comprised of one representative of each of the ICSID Contracting States

the adoption of regulations and rules for the institution and conduct of ICSID proceedings, the adoption of the ICSID budget, and the approval of the annual report on the operation of ICSID.

Secretariat The Secretariat consists of a Secretary-General, a Deputy Secretary-General and staff.

The Deputy Secretary-General ~ responsible for the day to day operation of the Secretariat and acts for the Secretary-General in the event of his/her absence or inability to exercise duties and during any vacancy in the office of Secretary-General.

Principal functions of the Secretariat include providing institutional support for the initiation and conduct of ICSID proceedings; assistance in the constitution of conciliation commissions, arbitral tribunals and ad hoc committees and supporting their operations; and administering the proceedings and finances of each case.

Dispute Settlement Facilities ICSID provides the institutional and procedural

framework for independent conciliation commissions and arbitral tribunals constituted in each case to resolve the dispute.

ICSID has two sets of procedural rules :

1. The ICSID Convention Regulations and Rules

2. The ICSID Additional Facility Rules

ICSID Convention, Regulation and Rules

Basic procedural framework for conciliation and arbitration of investment disputes arising between member countries and investors that qualify as nationals of other member countries.

Based on a treaty establishing an autonomous and self-contained system for the institution, conduct and conclusion of such proceedings.

Entirely voluntary, but once the parties have given their consent, neither may unilaterally withdraw it.

An arbitral award rendered pursuant to the Convention may not be set aside by the courts of any Contracting State, and is only subject to the post-award remedies provided for in the Convention.

All Contracting States, whether or not parties to the dispute, recognize and enforce ICSID Convention arbitral awards.

ICSID Additional Facilities Additional Facility Rules authorizing the ICSID Secretariat to administer

certain types of proceedings between States and foreign nationals which fall outside the scope of the Convention.

These include :

Conciliation and arbitration proceedings for the settlement of disputes arising directly out of an investment where either the State party or the home State of the foreign national is not an ICSID Contracting State.

Conciliation and arbitration proceedings between parties at least one of which is a Contracting State or a national of a Contracting State for the settlement of disputes that do not directly arise out of an investment.

Fact-finding proceedings.

Jurisdiction The dispute must be between an ICSID

Contracting State and an individual or company that qualifies as a national of another ICSID Contracting State

The dispute must qualify as a legal dispute arising directly out of an investment.

The disputing parties must have consented in writing to the submission of their dispute to ICSID arbitration or conciliation.

Yurisdiksi ~ Batas-batas wewenang badan arbitrase ICSID dalam menyelesaikan sengketa

Pasal 25 Konvensi Washington

ICSID tidak memiliki wewenang mengadili sengketa antara negara atau individu

1.Kata sepakat, secara tertulis yang menunjuk ICSID sebagai badan arbitrase yang akan menyelesaikan sengketa

2.Yurisdiksi ratione materiae : terbatas pada sengketa hukum saja

3.Yurisdiksi ratione personae : wewenang mengadili sengketa antar negara dan warga negara asing yang negaranya juga merupakan anggota/peserta Konvensi Washington

Arbitration ClauseICSID

The parties here to consent to submit to the international centre for settlement of investment disputes any disputes in relation to or arising out of this agreement for settlement by arbitration pursuant to the convention on the settlement of investment disputes between states and national of other states

Pelaksanaan KeputusanKonvensi New York 1958

Pensyaratan resiprositas

Negara akan menerapkan ketentuan Konvensi apabila keputusan arbitrase tersebut dibuat di negara yang juga anggota Konvensi New York

Pensyaratan komersial

Negara yang telah meratifikasi Konvensi New York hanya akan menerapkan ketentuan Konvensi terhadap sengketa-sengketa komersial menurut hukum nasionalnya

Konvensi Washington (ICSID)

Recognition and enforcement of the Award

Article 53

the award shall binding on the parties....

Article 54 (1)

Final judgment of national court

Article 54 (2)

Competent court or other authority

IndonesiaPelaksanaan Konvensi New York

Keputusan Presiden No 34 tahun 1981

Apakah dibutuhkan peraturan pelaksanaan agar keputusan badan arbitrase internasional dapat dilaksanakan di Indonesia?

Keputusan arbitrase tersebut harus di hormati dan dilaksanakan

Peran pemerintah dibutuhkan agar keputusan tersebut dilaksanakan

Para pihak dalam klausul arbitrase ~ pacta sunt servanda

Peraturan MA No 1 Tahun 1990 Tentang Tata Cara Pelaksanaan Putusan Arbitrase Asing

Peraturan pelaksanaan Keppres No 34 Tahun 1981

Badan peradilan mana yang berwenang menangani masalah-masalah pelaksanaan putusan arbitrase asing?

~ Pengadilan Negeri Jakarta Pusat

Konvensi ICSID ~ UU No. 5 Tahun 1968 tentang Penyelesaian Perselisihan Antara Negara Dengan WNA Mengenai Penanaman Modal.

Pasal 2 : hak substitusi

Pasal 3 : untuk melaksanakan putusan arbitrase ICSID di Indonesia diperlukan pernyataan MA

Undang-undang No 30 Tahun 1999 Tentang Arbitrase dan Alternatif Penyelesaian Sengketa

Kewenangan mengenai masalah pengakuan dan pelaksanaan putusan arbitrase internasional adalah Pengadilan Negeri Jakarta Pusat (Pasal 65)

Syarat-syarat dilaksanaannya Putusan Arbitrase Internasional di Indonesia (pasal 66)

Pembatalan Putusan Arbitrase (pasal 70)

Putusan arbitrase yang sudah didaftarkan di pengadilan

Alasan pembatalan dibuktikan melalui putusan pengadilan