ict in teaching & learning: don’ts & do’s from research · ict in teaching &...
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: ICT in Teaching & Learning: Don’ts & Do’s from Research · ICT in Teaching & Learning: Don’ts & Do’s from Research ... • Can carry out 2 or more info processing activities](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022042306/5ed215d4165147722254802f/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
ICT in Teaching & Learning:
Don’ts & Do’s from ResearchProf. dr. Paul A. Kirschner, dr.h.c.
Open Universiteit
![Page 2: ICT in Teaching & Learning: Don’ts & Do’s from Research · ICT in Teaching & Learning: Don’ts & Do’s from Research ... • Can carry out 2 or more info processing activities](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022042306/5ed215d4165147722254802f/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Your attention please.…
![Page 3: ICT in Teaching & Learning: Don’ts & Do’s from Research · ICT in Teaching & Learning: Don’ts & Do’s from Research ... • Can carry out 2 or more info processing activities](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022042306/5ed215d4165147722254802f/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
1. Kids/people can multitask
![Page 4: ICT in Teaching & Learning: Don’ts & Do’s from Research · ICT in Teaching & Learning: Don’ts & Do’s from Research ... • Can carry out 2 or more info processing activities](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022042306/5ed215d4165147722254802f/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
![Page 5: ICT in Teaching & Learning: Don’ts & Do’s from Research · ICT in Teaching & Learning: Don’ts & Do’s from Research ... • Can carry out 2 or more info processing activities](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022042306/5ed215d4165147722254802f/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
The multitasker
• Can carry out 2 or more info processing activities at the same time
• No loss of speed
• No loss of accuracy
• Origin: Computer with multiple CPU’s
![Page 6: ICT in Teaching & Learning: Don’ts & Do’s from Research · ICT in Teaching & Learning: Don’ts & Do’s from Research ... • Can carry out 2 or more info processing activities](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022042306/5ed215d4165147722254802f/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
![Page 7: ICT in Teaching & Learning: Don’ts & Do’s from Research · ICT in Teaching & Learning: Don’ts & Do’s from Research ... • Can carry out 2 or more info processing activities](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022042306/5ed215d4165147722254802f/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
The task switcher• Switches between 2 or more
info processing activities• Continual restarting of a
process at a different place (reinstatement searches)
• Switches between schemata• Slower / Mistakes
![Page 8: ICT in Teaching & Learning: Don’ts & Do’s from Research · ICT in Teaching & Learning: Don’ts & Do’s from Research ... • Can carry out 2 or more info processing activities](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022042306/5ed215d4165147722254802f/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
…and the consequences?• Longer study time to mastery
![Page 9: ICT in Teaching & Learning: Don’ts & Do’s from Research · ICT in Teaching & Learning: Don’ts & Do’s from Research ... • Can carry out 2 or more info processing activities](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022042306/5ed215d4165147722254802f/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
…and the consequences?• Longer study time to mastery
• Lower grades
![Page 10: ICT in Teaching & Learning: Don’ts & Do’s from Research · ICT in Teaching & Learning: Don’ts & Do’s from Research ... • Can carry out 2 or more info processing activities](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022042306/5ed215d4165147722254802f/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
…and the consequences?• Longer study time to mastery
• Lower grades
• Miss important things
![Page 11: ICT in Teaching & Learning: Don’ts & Do’s from Research · ICT in Teaching & Learning: Don’ts & Do’s from Research ... • Can carry out 2 or more info processing activities](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022042306/5ed215d4165147722254802f/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Strayer, D. L., Drews, F. A., and Crouch, D. L. (2006). A comparison of the cell phone driver and the drunk driver. Human Factors: The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society, 381-391.
![Page 12: ICT in Teaching & Learning: Don’ts & Do’s from Research · ICT in Teaching & Learning: Don’ts & Do’s from Research ... • Can carry out 2 or more info processing activities](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022042306/5ed215d4165147722254802f/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
![Page 13: ICT in Teaching & Learning: Don’ts & Do’s from Research · ICT in Teaching & Learning: Don’ts & Do’s from Research ... • Can carry out 2 or more info processing activities](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022042306/5ed215d4165147722254802f/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
![Page 14: ICT in Teaching & Learning: Don’ts & Do’s from Research · ICT in Teaching & Learning: Don’ts & Do’s from Research ... • Can carry out 2 or more info processing activities](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022042306/5ed215d4165147722254802f/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
+18m +31m +57m +63m
![Page 15: ICT in Teaching & Learning: Don’ts & Do’s from Research · ICT in Teaching & Learning: Don’ts & Do’s from Research ... • Can carry out 2 or more info processing activities](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022042306/5ed215d4165147722254802f/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
…and the consequences?• Longer study time to mastery
• Lower grades
• Miss important things
• Loss of concentration (longer term)
![Page 16: ICT in Teaching & Learning: Don’ts & Do’s from Research · ICT in Teaching & Learning: Don’ts & Do’s from Research ... • Can carry out 2 or more info processing activities](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022042306/5ed215d4165147722254802f/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
…and the consequences?• Longer study time to mastery
• Lower grades
• Miss important things
• Loss of concentration (longer term)
• Classic addiction phenomena
![Page 17: ICT in Teaching & Learning: Don’ts & Do’s from Research · ICT in Teaching & Learning: Don’ts & Do’s from Research ... • Can carry out 2 or more info processing activities](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022042306/5ed215d4165147722254802f/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Don’t…• allow switching• encourage switching
Do…• encourage mono-tasking• have kids themselves experience the difference
https://onderzoekonderwijs.net/2015/06/08/typen-of-schrijven/
![Page 18: ICT in Teaching & Learning: Don’ts & Do’s from Research · ICT in Teaching & Learning: Don’ts & Do’s from Research ... • Can carry out 2 or more info processing activities](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022042306/5ed215d4165147722254802f/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
2. Notes: Ears in, fingers out
![Page 19: ICT in Teaching & Learning: Don’ts & Do’s from Research · ICT in Teaching & Learning: Don’ts & Do’s from Research ... • Can carry out 2 or more info processing activities](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022042306/5ed215d4165147722254802f/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Learning depends on information processing
• No processing = No learning
• Surface processing = Shallow learning
• Deep processing = Deep learning
• Multiple processing = Better learning & retention
![Page 20: ICT in Teaching & Learning: Don’ts & Do’s from Research · ICT in Teaching & Learning: Don’ts & Do’s from Research ... • Can carry out 2 or more info processing activities](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022042306/5ed215d4165147722254802f/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Learning• Better results directly after the lesson• Better results a week later after reviewing notes
Why?• Processing during note taking (choose main points,
paraphrase, summarise)• Second time processing, plus deeper processing of one’s
own notes
https://onderzoekonderwijs.net/2015/06/08/typen-of-schrijven/
![Page 21: ICT in Teaching & Learning: Don’ts & Do’s from Research · ICT in Teaching & Learning: Don’ts & Do’s from Research ... • Can carry out 2 or more info processing activities](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022042306/5ed215d4165147722254802f/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Don’t…• allow note taking on a laptop or other device
Do…• teach kids to take notes• teach kids to summarise• teach kids to outline• teach kids to study
https://onderzoekonderwijs.net/2015/06/08/typen-of-schrijven/
![Page 22: ICT in Teaching & Learning: Don’ts & Do’s from Research · ICT in Teaching & Learning: Don’ts & Do’s from Research ... • Can carry out 2 or more info processing activities](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022042306/5ed215d4165147722254802f/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
https://3starlearningexperiences.wordpress.com/2016/02/16/long-live-good-old-handwriting-an-effective-tool-for-learning/
![Page 23: ICT in Teaching & Learning: Don’ts & Do’s from Research · ICT in Teaching & Learning: Don’ts & Do’s from Research ... • Can carry out 2 or more info processing activities](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022042306/5ed215d4165147722254802f/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
3. Laptops: The new 2nd-hand smoke
![Page 24: ICT in Teaching & Learning: Don’ts & Do’s from Research · ICT in Teaching & Learning: Don’ts & Do’s from Research ... • Can carry out 2 or more info processing activities](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022042306/5ed215d4165147722254802f/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Learning depends on attention
• Own use: 40-80% is totally or partially busy with other things
• N=1 study: In 1 lesson 165 mails, 210 Instagrams, 360 Apps and 32 telephone calls arrived
![Page 25: ICT in Teaching & Learning: Don’ts & Do’s from Research · ICT in Teaching & Learning: Don’ts & Do’s from Research ... • Can carry out 2 or more info processing activities](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022042306/5ed215d4165147722254802f/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
![Page 26: ICT in Teaching & Learning: Don’ts & Do’s from Research · ICT in Teaching & Learning: Don’ts & Do’s from Research ... • Can carry out 2 or more info processing activities](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022042306/5ed215d4165147722254802f/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Learning depends on attention
• Own use: 40-80% is totally or partially busy with other things
• N=1 study: In 1 lesson 165 mails, 210 Instagrams, 360 Apps and 32 telephone calls arrived
• 40% say that they are distracted by devices of others
![Page 27: ICT in Teaching & Learning: Don’ts & Do’s from Research · ICT in Teaching & Learning: Don’ts & Do’s from Research ... • Can carry out 2 or more info processing activities](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022042306/5ed215d4165147722254802f/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
75% spent a lot of time on activities that had nothing to do with learning; >40% were partially or completely distracted by the online behaviour of others
![Page 28: ICT in Teaching & Learning: Don’ts & Do’s from Research · ICT in Teaching & Learning: Don’ts & Do’s from Research ... • Can carry out 2 or more info processing activities](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022042306/5ed215d4165147722254802f/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Don’t…• allow mobile devices to be used unless necessary for the
lesson• cave in to kids or parents
Do…• create online moments in the lessons
https://onderzoekonderwijs.net/2015/06/08/typen-of-schrijven/
![Page 29: ICT in Teaching & Learning: Don’ts & Do’s from Research · ICT in Teaching & Learning: Don’ts & Do’s from Research ... • Can carry out 2 or more info processing activities](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022042306/5ed215d4165147722254802f/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
https://3starlearningexperiences.wordpress.com/2018/01/09/laptops-in-class-are-the-new-second-hand-smoke/
![Page 30: ICT in Teaching & Learning: Don’ts & Do’s from Research · ICT in Teaching & Learning: Don’ts & Do’s from Research ... • Can carry out 2 or more info processing activities](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022042306/5ed215d4165147722254802f/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
4. Reading is reading, isn’t it?
![Page 31: ICT in Teaching & Learning: Don’ts & Do’s from Research · ICT in Teaching & Learning: Don’ts & Do’s from Research ... • Can carry out 2 or more info processing activities](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022042306/5ed215d4165147722254802f/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
https://onderzoekonderwijs.net/2017/11/02/lezen-en-leren-papier-of-scherm/
• Reading from the screen is faster than from paper.• Students thought that they understood the content better
from the screen.• Understanding of the content was better from paper.• The carrier (printed or screen) makes no difference for
general questions (e.g., What was the text about?).• For more specific questions, printed was significantly
better.• No difference e-reader, tablet, or computer screen.
![Page 32: ICT in Teaching & Learning: Don’ts & Do’s from Research · ICT in Teaching & Learning: Don’ts & Do’s from Research ... • Can carry out 2 or more info processing activities](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022042306/5ed215d4165147722254802f/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
Don’t…• assign reading online• use online textbooks
Do…• print materials and hand them out• encourage low-cost open educational resources (OER)
https://onderzoekonderwijs.net/2015/06/08/typen-of-schrijven/
![Page 33: ICT in Teaching & Learning: Don’ts & Do’s from Research · ICT in Teaching & Learning: Don’ts & Do’s from Research ... • Can carry out 2 or more info processing activities](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022042306/5ed215d4165147722254802f/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
https://3starlearningexperiences.wordpress.com/2017/11/21/paper-or-screen-for-comprehension-and-learning/
![Page 34: ICT in Teaching & Learning: Don’ts & Do’s from Research · ICT in Teaching & Learning: Don’ts & Do’s from Research ... • Can carry out 2 or more info processing activities](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022042306/5ed215d4165147722254802f/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
5. Pupils are media savvy digital natives
![Page 35: ICT in Teaching & Learning: Don’ts & Do’s from Research · ICT in Teaching & Learning: Don’ts & Do’s from Research ... • Can carry out 2 or more info processing activities](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022042306/5ed215d4165147722254802f/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
Homo zappiëns / Digital nativeGeneration of learners that independently, playfully, and without instruction have developed metacognitive skills for:
• discovery learning• inquiry learning• learning in networks• experimenting
• collaborative learning• active learning• self directed learning• problem-based learning
![Page 36: ICT in Teaching & Learning: Don’ts & Do’s from Research · ICT in Teaching & Learning: Don’ts & Do’s from Research ... • Can carry out 2 or more info processing activities](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022042306/5ed215d4165147722254802f/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
Homo zappiëns?…or Attention Deficit Hyperlink Disorder
![Page 37: ICT in Teaching & Learning: Don’ts & Do’s from Research · ICT in Teaching & Learning: Don’ts & Do’s from Research ... • Can carry out 2 or more info processing activities](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022042306/5ed215d4165147722254802f/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
Don’t…• be fooled• believe eduquacks and new-age prophets
Do…• assess what kids can do before beginning to use a
technique• let kids acquire skills before requiring them• use good direct / explicit instruction
![Page 38: ICT in Teaching & Learning: Don’ts & Do’s from Research · ICT in Teaching & Learning: Don’ts & Do’s from Research ... • Can carry out 2 or more info processing activities](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022042306/5ed215d4165147722254802f/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
6. Knowledge is perishable / It’s all on the web
![Page 39: ICT in Teaching & Learning: Don’ts & Do’s from Research · ICT in Teaching & Learning: Don’ts & Do’s from Research ... • Can carry out 2 or more info processing activities](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022042306/5ed215d4165147722254802f/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
Is knowledge perishable?...No• Enormous increase in available information• Enormous increase in available sources• But the old isn’t all of a sudden wrong• The old is necessary to understand and judge
new info
![Page 40: ICT in Teaching & Learning: Don’ts & Do’s from Research · ICT in Teaching & Learning: Don’ts & Do’s from Research ... • Can carry out 2 or more info processing activities](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022042306/5ed215d4165147722254802f/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
7. It’s all on the web
![Page 41: ICT in Teaching & Learning: Don’ts & Do’s from Research · ICT in Teaching & Learning: Don’ts & Do’s from Research ... • Can carry out 2 or more info processing activities](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022042306/5ed215d4165147722254802f/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
![Page 42: ICT in Teaching & Learning: Don’ts & Do’s from Research · ICT in Teaching & Learning: Don’ts & Do’s from Research ... • Can carry out 2 or more info processing activities](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022042306/5ed215d4165147722254802f/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
It’s all on the web• How do you choose?• Many – unreliable - sources• It’s not about searching; it’s about finding,
evaluation, and properly using!
![Page 43: ICT in Teaching & Learning: Don’ts & Do’s from Research · ICT in Teaching & Learning: Don’ts & Do’s from Research ... • Can carry out 2 or more info processing activities](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022042306/5ed215d4165147722254802f/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
Natuurfilosoof: 1561-1626 Kunstenaar: 1909-1992
Sir Francis Bacon
![Page 44: ICT in Teaching & Learning: Don’ts & Do’s from Research · ICT in Teaching & Learning: Don’ts & Do’s from Research ... • Can carry out 2 or more info processing activities](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022042306/5ed215d4165147722254802f/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
Don’t…• assume that kids can use the web effectively or efficiently• give assignments without proper instruction
Do…• teach kids how to search properly• teach kids how to evaluate sources• give feedback on the process and product
https://onderzoekonderwijs.net/2015/06/08/typen-of-schrijven/
![Page 45: ICT in Teaching & Learning: Don’ts & Do’s from Research · ICT in Teaching & Learning: Don’ts & Do’s from Research ... • Can carry out 2 or more info processing activities](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022042306/5ed215d4165147722254802f/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
Clark (media)‘[...] media are mere vehicles that deliver instruction but do not influence student achievement any more than the truck that delivers our groceries causes changes in our nutrition. Basically, the choice of vehicle might influence the cost or extent of distributing instruction, but only the content of the vehicle can influence achievement’
![Page 46: ICT in Teaching & Learning: Don’ts & Do’s from Research · ICT in Teaching & Learning: Don’ts & Do’s from Research ... • Can carry out 2 or more info processing activities](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022042306/5ed215d4165147722254802f/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
Dubious reasons to use multimedia learning
1. Leads to more learning2. Is more motivating3. Uses pedagogical agents that support learning4. Adapts to various learning styles and thus optimises
learning for more learners5. Facilitates learner-directed, constructivist, and discovery
learning approaches
![Page 47: ICT in Teaching & Learning: Don’ts & Do’s from Research · ICT in Teaching & Learning: Don’ts & Do’s from Research ... • Can carry out 2 or more info processing activities](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022042306/5ed215d4165147722254802f/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)
Dubious reasons to use multimedia learning
6. Autonomy and control over the sequence of instruction7. Higher order thinking skills8. Incidental learning of enriching information9. Interactivity10. Authentic learning environments and activities
![Page 48: ICT in Teaching & Learning: Don’ts & Do’s from Research · ICT in Teaching & Learning: Don’ts & Do’s from Research ... • Can carry out 2 or more info processing activities](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022042306/5ed215d4165147722254802f/html5/thumbnails/48.jpg)
Cognitive Theory of Multimedia Learning (Mayer)
![Page 49: ICT in Teaching & Learning: Don’ts & Do’s from Research · ICT in Teaching & Learning: Don’ts & Do’s from Research ... • Can carry out 2 or more info processing activities](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022042306/5ed215d4165147722254802f/html5/thumbnails/49.jpg)
Other myths?
Unfortunately YES!
![Page 50: ICT in Teaching & Learning: Don’ts & Do’s from Research · ICT in Teaching & Learning: Don’ts & Do’s from Research ... • Can carry out 2 or more info processing activities](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022042306/5ed215d4165147722254802f/html5/thumbnails/50.jpg)
![Page 51: ICT in Teaching & Learning: Don’ts & Do’s from Research · ICT in Teaching & Learning: Don’ts & Do’s from Research ... • Can carry out 2 or more info processing activities](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022042306/5ed215d4165147722254802f/html5/thumbnails/51.jpg)
![Page 52: ICT in Teaching & Learning: Don’ts & Do’s from Research · ICT in Teaching & Learning: Don’ts & Do’s from Research ... • Can carry out 2 or more info processing activities](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022042306/5ed215d4165147722254802f/html5/thumbnails/52.jpg)
![Page 53: ICT in Teaching & Learning: Don’ts & Do’s from Research · ICT in Teaching & Learning: Don’ts & Do’s from Research ... • Can carry out 2 or more info processing activities](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022042306/5ed215d4165147722254802f/html5/thumbnails/53.jpg)
![Page 54: ICT in Teaching & Learning: Don’ts & Do’s from Research · ICT in Teaching & Learning: Don’ts & Do’s from Research ... • Can carry out 2 or more info processing activities](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022042306/5ed215d4165147722254802f/html5/thumbnails/54.jpg)
![Page 55: ICT in Teaching & Learning: Don’ts & Do’s from Research · ICT in Teaching & Learning: Don’ts & Do’s from Research ... • Can carry out 2 or more info processing activities](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022042306/5ed215d4165147722254802f/html5/thumbnails/55.jpg)
![Page 56: ICT in Teaching & Learning: Don’ts & Do’s from Research · ICT in Teaching & Learning: Don’ts & Do’s from Research ... • Can carry out 2 or more info processing activities](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022042306/5ed215d4165147722254802f/html5/thumbnails/56.jpg)
https://3starlearningexperiences.wordpress.com/