ict networks assisting green initiatives. climate change my starting point human activities are...
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ICT networks assisting green initiatives
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Climate change
My starting point
Human activities are largely responsible for the rise in GHG
Very significant climate change is happening
The climate change will have large negative effects on human life
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Rapid Increase in the Greenhouse Gas CO2
Since Industrial Era Began
Little Ice Age
Medieval Warm Period
388 ppm in 2010
Source: David JC MacKay, Sustainable Energy Without the Hot Air (2009)
290 ppm in 1900
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Arctic Summer Ice MeltingAccelerating Relative to IPCC 2007 Predictions
Source: www.copenhagendiagnosis.org
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ICT in general . . . .
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ICT – part of the problem
It has been estimated† that ICT contributes a similar amount of CO2 emissions to that from the entire aviation industry – 2% in 2007 with a projection of rising to 3% by 2020
A server rack currently consumes up to 30KW and the rack density is still rising
Around half of the power requirements in today’s data centres is used for cooling
Gartner says more than 30% of ICT energy use is generated by PCs and associated peripherals
† Gartner report April 2007
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NSA plan to build the data center, which could consume as much power as all the homes in Salt Lake City.
Data centres are big users of electricity
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In the UK the Met data center used for climate modeling and
weather forecasting is the singe biggest CO2 emitter in the UK.
Data centres are big users of electricity…
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ISPs target cloud services for growthMid-sized ISPs address cloud opportunity with virtualisation investmentBy Rob O'Neill, Auckland | Wednesday, 10 February, 2010
…Iconz to invest in 250 racks of capacity at its Airedale St, Auckland premises…
The new Iconz data centre will consume as much power as 15,000 homes.
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… how secure is Auckland’s power supply?
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Lowering the carbon footprint of ICT
Virtualisation
Greatly lowers server numbers
Thin servers
Lower power (and cooling requirements)
Low power PCs through improved design e.g. intelligent sleeping
Smart cooling of computers
Strategic location of data centres
Close to (non-fossil fuel) power sources
Sited to lower cooling energy use
Cloud computing
Efficient use of resources
….. in a typical data centre up to 30% of servers are not in use at all, but they are powered up
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It has been estimated that application of ICT can lead to a 5-fold greater decrease in green house gas emissions than its own carbon footprint – Smart 2020 Report
ICT services as part of the solution – enabling energy efficiencies
Travel substitutionVideo and audio conferencing
Teleworking
Smart gridsSmart devices communicating with smart grids
Smart logisticsImproved schedulingThe management of the flow of goodsRFID tracking
Smart buildings
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Implementation of smart grids
Low public knowledge
Current efforts benefit the supplier more than the customer
Is Government leadership the way forward?
Not Internet related but involves networks
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Specifically networks. . . .
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The Carbon Footprint of Networks and the Internet
Networks themselves consume significant amounts of power…but the move from electrons to photons is lowering the impact.
Unnecessary duplication can be avoided through sharing base infrastructure.
Industry responses such as the Greentouch Initiative will assist in lowering network energy consumption.
Is there anything InternetNZ should/could do to support lowering network energy requirements?
Is there anything InternetNZ should/could do to support lowering network energy requirements?
InternetNZAction?
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Networks as part of the solution
Some potential avenues for lowering the carbon load
Appropriate location of data centresTravel substitutionTeleworkingGreen Commercee.g. Marry up the electricity and computer network industries.
One possible reward system is to provide homeowners with free fiber to the home if they agree to pay a premium on their energy consumption which will in turn encourage them to reduce their energy use.
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Many potential green initiatives are only possible with abundant cheap bandwidth
The myth of scarcity of bandwidth survives and needs to be addressed
The myth of scarcity of bandwidth survives and needs to be addressed
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Transport cost per gigabyte
1990 $10,000
1995 $500
2000 $10
2005 $1
2010 $0.1
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Close to electricity generation (through renewable resources)
Lower transmission losses
Location to facilitate natural cooling
Replacing electricity transmission lines with optical networks!
Must have very reliable networks
Location of Data Centres
About 30% of NZ electricity is generated using non renewable resources and this proportion has increased in recent years – it is important to lower demand.
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Perhaps the best location for data centres in New Zealand
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Travel substitution
Video and audio conferencing has had a very long gestation period!
Telephone audio conferencing is now simple and just works – the telcos delivered!
Video conferencing has turned out to be more difficult to commodify
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Video conferencingISDN – an old teleco model with very high pricing
One to one PC conferencing Skype works
There are good HD capable models finally emerging
MirialEVOConference XP
….. but they still cause troubles even for techies
MCU bridges are getting there
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Video conferencing . . .Special room requirements – lighting and acoustics
Booking issues arise
Lack of effective standards for end use controls
Cost of transmission has continued to be a perceived problem
Telepresence – a long way to go
Optiportal technology – a specialist community initiative that works
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How to make conferencing really work – what needs
fixing?Cost of transmission must become, and be seen to be, insignificant.
End user equipment and software must be simple to operate and robust
Desktop video conferencing is still seen as a bit of a black art – standards and simplification are necessary – shouldn’t require a techie
Off high-speed networks connections are poor – aDSL is not adequate because of the asymmetry. Encourage symmetric connectivity
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Support the AVCC to provide practical assistance to a wider audience for video conferencing?
Support the AVCC to provide practical assistance to a wider audience for video conferencing?
Advanced Video Collaboration Centre
InternetNZaction
Is there an opportunity to make the AVCC services more widely available?
The AVCC is a National non-profit centre dedicated to facilitating, enhancing and encouraging the use of video collaboration technologies across New Zealand's Universities and Crown Research Institutes.
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Teleworking
Has not been widely adopted
Particular industries (e.g. journalism) are well represented
Problems of isolation regardless of communication facilities
Using telework centres, rather than the individual home, is seen as an answer for some
Are incentives needed to promote more teleworking?
Sponsor a workshop to explore promotion of teleworking?Sponsor a workshop to explore promotion of teleworking?
InternetNZaction
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Location of data centres
Why does the ICT industry locate data centres in major cities?– are there good reasons?
If not what can InternetNZ do to encourage more appropriate locations?
A publicity campaign?A publicity campaign?InternetNZ action
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Green Commerce opportunities
Would it be appropriate for InternetNZ to investigate/promote green commerce mechanisms?
Research opportunities?Research opportunities?InternetNZ action
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What might the InternetNZ organisation itself do?
Lead by example
– could InternetNZ reply on cloud computing for (some of) its services?
– are there more opportunities to use of ‘virtual’ meetings?
– are there teleworking possibilities?
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General messages that need more emphasis
Low cost networking – continue to explode the myth that high speed communications are necessarily expensive.
Data networks should be more reliable than electricity networks