icts for development: from e-readiness to e-awareness
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Seminar given in Barcelona, November 20th, 2007 at the Executive Master in e-Governance, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne. http://ictlogy.net/bibciter/reports/projects.php?idp=801TRANSCRIPT
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Executive Master in e-Governance (e-Gov) 2007/08
© 2007 e-Gov@EPFL 1
Ismael Peña-Lópezictlogy.net
School of Law and Political ScienceUniversitat Oberta de Catalunya
Barcelona, November 20, 2007
ICTs for development:from e-Readiness to e-Awareness
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Executive Master in e-Governance (e-Gov) 2007/08
© 2007 e-Gov@EPFL 2
Executive Master in e-Governance
e-Gov 2007/2008New Institutional Designs for a Changing World.
Module 3. Barcelona Week.
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Executive Master in e-Governance (e-Gov) 2007/08
© 2007 e-Gov@EPFL 3
Information and Communication Technologies for Development: ICT4D
The concept of access and the measurement of the Knowledge Society
Digital Divide: a holistic approach e-Readiness and Web 2.0 for e-Governance
in Developing Countries
Index
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Executive Master in e-Governance (e-Gov) 2007/08
© 2007 e-Gov@EPFL 4
ICTs for Development
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Executive Master in e-Governance (e-Gov) 2007/08
© 2007 e-Gov@EPFL 5
NEW Information and Communication Technologies
Old ones:– radio– phone– TV– printed press
New ones:– digital content– Internet (e-mail,
WWW…)– mobile phone
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Executive Master in e-Governance (e-Gov) 2007/08
© 2007 e-Gov@EPFL 6
INFORMATION and COMMUNICATION TechnologIES
Information:– databases– information– knowledge
management Communication:
– broadcasting– p2p– networking
Technologies– multiplatform– multichannel– empowering
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Executive Master in e-Governance (e-Gov) 2007/08
© 2007 e-Gov@EPFL 7
Information Society? (1/3)
(back to the ) Production function Land and Labour Industrial Revolution: Land, Labour and Capital … Revolution? Land, Labour, Capital and
Information/Knowledge/Technology/…
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Executive Master in e-Governance (e-Gov) 2007/08
© 2007 e-Gov@EPFL 8
Information Society? (2/3)
Information as input, tool and output Use information to get
– more information– better (quality) information
Raw data Digitalization TransformationEnrichment
Rich dataInformation?Knowledge?
SPEED!
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Executive Master in e-Governance (e-Gov) 2007/08
© 2007 e-Gov@EPFL 9
Information Society? (3/3)
Information Society Informational Society Knowledge Based Society Networked Society
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Executive Master in e-Governance (e-Gov) 2007/08
© 2007 e-Gov@EPFL 10
THIRD Industrial Revolution
Industrial revolution:– iron– steam engine
Second industrial revolution: – steel – internal-combustion engine
Digital revolution– information– computers
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Executive Master in e-Governance (e-Gov) 2007/08
© 2007 e-Gov@EPFL 11
ICTs and Development (1/6)
Changes in Economy Efficiency Efficacy PRODUCTIVITY
Changes in Society Identity Interaction / Communication Culture / Creation
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Executive Master in e-Governance (e-Gov) 2007/08
© 2007 e-Gov@EPFL 12
ICTs and Development (2/6)
Christine Zhen-Wei Qiang, Alexander Pitt and Seth Ayers.World Bank (2003) ICT & Development
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Executive Master in e-Governance (e-Gov) 2007/08
© 2007 e-Gov@EPFL 13
ICTs and Development (3/6)
Christine Zhen-Wei Qiang, Alexander Pitt and Seth Ayers.World Bank (2003) ICT & Development
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Executive Master in e-Governance (e-Gov) 2007/08
© 2007 e-Gov@EPFL 14
ICT and Development (4/6)
Christine Zhen-Wei Qiang, Alexander Pitt and Seth Ayers.World Bank (2003) ICT & Development
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Executive Master in e-Governance (e-Gov) 2007/08
© 2007 e-Gov@EPFL 15
ICTs and Development: the MDG (5/6)
ICTs necessary for Investment Livelihood support Entrepreneurship
ICTs facilitate Cost-effective public services Cost-effective private services Nishimoto, S. & Lal, R. (2005). “Development
divides and digital bridges: why ICT is key for achieving the MDGs”. In Commonwealth Secretariat (Ed.)
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Executive Master in e-Governance (e-Gov) 2007/08
© 2007 e-Gov@EPFL 16
ICTs and Development: key issues (6/6)
Health e-Health Genomics
Education e-Learning Blended Learning m-Learning
Governance e-Governance e-Government e-Administration e-Democracy e-Participation
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Executive Master in e-Governance (e-Gov) 2007/08
© 2007 e-Gov@EPFL 17
Access and measurement of the Information Society
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Executive Master in e-Governance (e-Gov) 2007/08
© 2007 e-Gov@EPFL 18
What is Access
The Broadcasting model Emphasis on the active receiver Freedom of choice Access = Range of products on offer
Telecommunications model Emphasis on the sender Capacity to get one’s message out Access = Means of communication
Raboy, M. (1998). “Global Communication policy and human rights”. In Noll, R. G. & Price, M. E. (Eds.), A communications cornucopia: Markle Foundation essays on information policy
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Executive Master in e-Governance (e-Gov) 2007/08
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Digital Opportunity IndexInternational TelecommunicationUnion
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Executive Master in e-Governance (e-Gov) 2007/08
© 2007 e-Gov@EPFL 20
Digital Divide Index / InfostateOrbicom
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Executive Master in e-Governance (e-Gov) 2007/08
© 2007 e-Gov@EPFL 21
ICT Opportunity IndexUNCTAD
International TelecommunicationUnion
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Executive Master in e-Governance (e-Gov) 2007/08
© 2007 e-Gov@EPFL 22
OECD Key ICT IndicatorsOECD
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Executive Master in e-Governance (e-Gov) 2007/08
© 2007 e-Gov@EPFL 23
e-Readiness RankingsThe EconomistIntelligenceUnit
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Executive Master in e-Governance (e-Gov) 2007/08
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Networked Readiness IndexWorld Economic Forum
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Executive Master in e-Governance (e-Gov) 2007/08
© 2007 e-Gov@EPFL 25
Digital Divide:a holistic approach
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Executive Master in e-Governance (e-Gov) 2007/08
© 2007 e-Gov@EPFL 26
What is the Digital Divide? (1/3)
ITU (2006). World Telecommunication/ICT Development Report 2006: Measuring ICT for social and economic development.
BUT: In 1994, developed countries were almost 5 points ahead than developing in mobile penetration. Ten years later, they are 58 points ahead.
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Executive Master in e-Governance (e-Gov) 2007/08
© 2007 e-Gov@EPFL 27
What is the Digital Divide? (2/3)
ITU (2006). World Telecommunication/ICT Development Report 2006: Measuring ICT for social and economic development.
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Executive Master in e-Governance (e-Gov) 2007/08
© 2007 e-Gov@EPFL 28
What is the Digital Divide? (3/3)
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Executive Master in e-Governance (e-Gov) 2007/08
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Fostering the Information Society
? DevelopmentICTs
? ICTsPolicies
measure test impact
measuretest efficiency/efficacy
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Executive Master in e-Governance (e-Gov) 2007/08
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5 tier approach to e-Readiness
Digital Literacy Content and Services
Legal framework
ICT Sector
Infrastructures
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Executive Master in e-Governance (e-Gov) 2007/08
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Problems with the Telecomm approach (1/2)
Infrastructure Capacitation
Regulation
Services
Industry
ICTs ≈ Infrastructure
hard, soft, connectivity
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Executive Master in e-Governance (e-Gov) 2007/08
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Problems with the Telecomm approach (2/2)
? DevelopmentICTs ? ICTsPolicies
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Executive Master in e-Governance (e-Gov) 2007/08
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Problems with the e-Readiness approach (1/2)
Infrastructure Capacitation
Regulation
Services
Industry
ICTs ≈ Economy
hard, soft, connectivity digital literacy ICT Sector
digital content, OA, virtual communities, B2B, P2P, B2C, G2G, G2B
cyberlaw, infrastructure regulation, internet governance, privacy, censorship
“analogue economy” indicators
Problems with the e-Readiness approach (1/2)
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Executive Master in e-Governance (e-Gov) 2007/08
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Problems with the e-Readiness approach (2/2)
? DevelopmentICTs ? ICTsPolicies
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Executive Master in e-Governance (e-Gov) 2007/08
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e-Readiness for e-Governance
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Executive Master in e-Governance (e-Gov) 2007/08
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Digital Divide and e-Governance (1/2)
• Technological literacy• Informational literacy• Media literacy• e-Awareness
Digital Literacy
• Hardware• Software• Connectivity
TechnologicalInfrastructures
• Locally relevant content• Content creation, transmission & commercialization
• e-Comunication among individuals and communities
• Presence in the Net & virtual communities
• e-Services• e-Public Sector
Content, Community & Services
• TelCos Law• Infrastructures Policies• Foreign trade Policies• Intellectual property and patents• ICT Sector fostering
LegalFrame-work
• Infrastructures Policies• R+D+I Policies • Educative Policy
• Intellectual property and patents• Data protection• Identity in the Net• Information Society Law
• Content Policies• e-Communication Policies• Distance learning Policies• Internet Governance• Foreign trade Policies• Participative Democracy• ICT4D
• Infrastructure installation• Infrastructure maintenance• Infrastructure creation
ICT Sector
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Executive Master in e-Governance (e-Gov) 2007/08
© 2007 e-Gov@EPFL 37Dig
ital D
ivid
e an
d e-
Gov
erna
nce
(2/2
)
• Infrastructures in institutions• Infrastructures for agents working with the institutions
• Connection among institutions and with agents
• Infrastructures maintenance• Creation of specific databases, applications for public/private sectors
• Human resources capacitation• Awareness en corresponding e-sector
• Information and user/customer feedbacking
• Transparency & monitoring
• Processes shared management• Data sharing and agents relationship/networking
• Participation in decision stages
Digital Literacy
• Infrastructure creation/maintenance capacitation
• Functional literacy
Technological infrastructures• PC in institutions and agents• Affordable generic and specific software
• Affordable quality connectivity
Content, Community & Services
• Information about institutions and agents
• Specific/sectorial information, content, procedures
• Use of the Net among agents and institutions
• e-Services• e-Public Sector
ICT Sector & Content and Servicese-Readiness
• Realistic and progressive goals setting in the field of digital divide and e-sectors development
• Identification of promoters (agents, institutions)
• Sponsors participation and involvement
• Prescriptors system
• Internal organization and coordination. Legal and political accompanying measures
Leadership
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Executive Master in e-Governance (e-Gov) 2007/08
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Barcelona, November 20th, 2007. Universitat Oberta de Catalunya
To cite this work:Peña-López, Ismael. (2007) ICT for Development: from e-Readiness to e-Awareness<http://ictlogy.net/presentations/20071120_ismael_pena_ict4d_from_e-readiness_to_e-awareness.pdf>[downloaded dd/mm/aaaa]
To contact the author:http://ismael.ictlogy.net
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