icts for fight corruption

8/6/2019 ICTs for fight Corruption

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DerisDeris StiawanStiawan

ICTforfightingCorruptionICTforfightingCorruption

1

FacultyofComputerScience&InformationSystemFacultyofComputerScience&InformationSystem

UniversitiUniversiti TeknologiTeknologi MalaysiaMalaysia

FacultyofComputerScienceFacultyofComputerScience

UniversityofUniversityofSriwijayaSriwijaya,Indonesia,Indonesia


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Proactivedissemination

Release of re uested material

PublicMeeting

LeaksfromWhistleblowers

Transparency(Piotrowski,2007)

Transparencyandtherighttoaccessgovernmentinformationarenow

internationallyregardedasessentialtodemocraticparticipation.

Government to EGovernment

Governanceby

MANUAL

Governanceby

ICTs

Transforms ChangeWork&behaviorCulture

C angesinWor Processes BusinessProcess SOPsandPoliciesPolitics

RulesandRegulations

Leadership


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TheUnitedStateshascreatingsitesthatallowaccesstothedataofgovernment

expenditures.AnumberofstategovernmentsintheUShavesimilarsitesforthepublic

to

monitor

government

spending

for

waste

and

fraud,

allow

for

the

tracking

of

transactionssothatitispossibletotracktheprogressrequestsapplications.

egovernmentinitiativesistheSeoulMetropolitanGovernment'sOnlineProcedures

InIndia,puttingruralpropertyrecordsonlinehasgreatlyincreasedthespeedatwhich

therecordsareaccessedandupdated,whilesimultaneouslyremovingopportunitiesfor

localofficialstoacceptbribes as had previously been rampant

InPakistan,theentiretaxsystemanddepartmentwasrestructuredwith the specific

purpose of reducing direct contact betweencitizensandtaxofficials toreduce

opportunitiesforrequestsforbribes

,

interacteddirectly.

ThePhilippinesDepartmentofBudgetandManagementestablishedan

eprocurementsystemofgovernmentagenciestousetoallowpublicbiddingon

governmentcontractstobothpreventpricefixing andallowpublicaccountability

InChile,theChileCompra eprocurementsystemhasbeenusedtoallowgovernment

officials andcitizenstocomparethecostsofbidstoandservicespurchasedbythe

government.


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Improvetransparencyinthepublicsectorbyincreasing

thecoordination,disseminationandadministrative

capacityofthepublicsectors,aswellasimproveservice

deliverybyemployinguserfriendlyadministrativesystems.

Facilitatesthecollectionofdigitalfootprintsand complete

audittrailwhichincreasetheopportunitytohold

individualsaccountableandultimatelyincreasethe

possibilitytodetectcorruptpractices.

Facilitatetheworkofcivilsocietyorganization working

towardsgreatertransparencyandagainstcorruptionby

supportingamixofmethodsofcampaigningon

transparencyandeducatingcitizensonwhatcorruptionis

.

Facilitateinformationsharingandsocialmobi

lization andultimatelyprovidedigitalplatformswhere

citizenscanreportincidentsanonymously.

Inpracticesoftransparency,theInterneterahasgreatly

reducedthecostofcollecting,distributing,andaccessing

governmentinformation(Roberts,2006)

Trendsegovernmentforgreateraccesstoinformationandfor

promotionoftransparency,accountability, andanti

corruption goals

PublicsectoruseoftheInternetand

otherdigitaldevices to deliver

services, information, and

democracyitself (West,2005).

digitallytotheirgovernmentin

orderthattheymightaccess

information and services offered

by government agencies

(Lauet al,2008)


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Performedworkby(Bhatnagar,2003),

(Shim&Eom,2008),

(Relly &Sabharwal,2009),

ICTscanreducecorruptionbypromotinggood

governance

Strengtheningreformorientedinitiatives,reducingpotential for corrupt behaviors

Enhancing relationships betweengovernment

(Anderson,2009

Allowingforcitizentrackingofactivities

Monitoringandcontrollingbehaviorsofgovernment

employees

ToSuccessfullyReduceofCorruption ICTasatoolsICTasatools

Increasinginformationaccesstoensuringrules

aretransparent

Appliedtobuildingabilitiestotrackthe

decisionsandactionsofgovernmentemployees

(Bhuiyan,2011)

Provide

Betterservicedeliverytocitizen

Participationpublicpolicydescmaking

Informationgov decision&actions Openinggovernmentprocess

Disclosingofassets&investmentcivil

onestopintegrateddatawithapplication

Enhanced

Managerialcontrol&Collaboration

PromotingAccountability

Transparency&audits

Monitoring&Participating

Empowerment&Services

StandardizationofMetadata

Prevention EarlywarningtoBehavioralcorrupt Reducecitizensinteracteddirectly

Identifyelectedofficials&civilservants

Detectionofsomecorruption

motive/behaviorthatdeviantwith

automationofprocesses


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EProcurementEprocurementreferstotheuseofintegratedinformationtechnologysystems

forprocurementfunctions,includingsourcing,negotiation,ordering,receiptand

postpurchasereview(Croom andBrandonJones,2007).

Gunasekaran,etl.2009

Themajorreasonsforthisare:(i)costcutting,(ii)realtimebiddingand

response,(iii)transparency of the process, (iv) reduced cycle time,

and(v) increased geographical outreach,(Yu et al., 2008).

Eprocurementtopologies (A.Durn,2003)


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HardwarePolicy

EProc BrainwareUsers

Governance

Businessprocess

Infrastructure

Modernpurchaseswherethereisacloserelationshipbetweenbusinessstrategyand

.

Costcontrolandexpensetracking

Offersaportfolioofordertypeoptionsdesigned

Enhancesproductivityduetofasterorderprocessingandonlineautomation

Alignsourorganizationwithleadingindustryebusinessstandards

Increasesvisibilitytocorporatespending

Eliminatesdualorderentryrequirements

AdvantagesandBenefitsSurabayaeProcurement https://www.surabayaeproc.or.id/

One time registration

Communicationviaonline

Paperless

Assuringthegoodqualityandservices

Financialliquiditydatasuppliers,SKK&SKPwillbecounted


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http://lpse.sragenkab.go.id/eproc/app

http://home.eperolehan.gov.my/home/


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EPayment

Classificationofelectronicpaymentsystems(Kimetal,2010).

WhenE Commercecreatedtheneedforepaymentservices,traditionalcashbased

andaccountbasedpaymentinstrumentswereusedasamodel.Simultaneously,new

intermediariessuchasPayPalsucceededinfulfillingsomeofthenewneedsofonline

merchantsandconsumers(Dahlbergetal.2008).

1. Electroniccash:transactionsaresettledviatheexchangeofelectroniccurrency.

2. Prepaidcard:customersuseaprepaidcardforaspecifiedamountbymakingan

entryoftheuniquecardnumberonmerchantsites.Thevalueofthecardis

decreasedbytheamountpaidtothemerchant.

3. Creditcards:aserverauthenticatesconsumersandverifieswiththe bankwhether

adequatefundsareavailablepriortopurchase;chargesarepostedagainsta

customersaccount;andthecustomerisbilledlaterforthechargesandpaysthe

balanceoftheaccounttothebank.

4. Debitcards:acustomermaintainsapositivebalanceintheaccount,andmoneyisdeductedfromtheaccountwhenadebittransactionisperformed.

5. Electronicchecks:aninstitutionelectronicallysettlestransactionsbetween the

buyersbankandthesellersbankintheformofanelectroniccheck.


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EPayment


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SCM CRM

eprocurementbringsseveralchallengesthataremainlyaddressedbythesupply

chainmanagement(SCM)conceptinprivatecompanies.

Stage1:toprovideinformation;

(A.Groznik andP.Trkman,2009)

EGovshouldbeviewedasaSupplyChainprovidingservicestocustomersonthe

downstreamsidewhileintegratingsuppliersontheupstreamsideoftheSupply

Chain

age : o ac a een user nvo vemen ;

Stage3:tointegratesolutionsforcitizens;and

Stage4:tomovetowardsSCintegration

Agencies/

Government

OfficesSupplierA

Applications/webenabledIntegratedSystemApplications/webenabled

Agencies/

Government

Offices

Agencies/

Government

Offices

CitizensSupplierB

SupplierN

Upstream supply chain Internal supply chain Downstream supply chain


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Problem&Challenges

Performedworkby(Bhuiyan,2011),thereareproblem&challenges:

Socialandculturalconstraints

Politicalconsensusconstraints

Humanresourcesconstraints

Digitaldivideconstraints

Infrastructuraldevelopmentconstraints

Government Officials

Citizens

SocialNetworks

Infrastructures

Trust

Successful

ommun y

Commitment&Enforcement

Buildingaculture

mpowermen

Opennessatmosphere

nves men s

ccep ance

Laws&Regulations


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ReferencesS.E.Alptekin andE.E.Karsak,Anintegrateddecisionframeworkforevaluatingandselectingelearningproducts,

AppliedSoftComputing,vol.11,Apr.2011,pp.29902998.

S.H.Bhuiyan,Modernizing Bangladeshpublicadministration throughegovernance: Benefitsandchallenges,

Government Information uarterl vol 28 Jan 2011 5465 , . , . , . .

A.Gunasekaran, R.E.McGaughey,E.W.T.Ngai,andB.K.Rai,EProcurementadoptionintheSouthcoast SMEs,

International JournalofProductionEconomics,vol.122,Nov.2009,pp.161175.

U.Nations,AntiCorruption Symposium2001:TheRoleofOnlineProceduresinPromotingGoodGovernance,

SymposiumAQuarterlyJournalInModernForeignLiteratures, 2003.

R.W.Nichols,Innovation,change,andorder:ReflectionsonscienceandtechnologyinIndia,China,andtheUnited

States,TechnologyinSociety,vol.30,Aug.2008,pp.437450.

T.B.Andersen,EGovernmentasananticorruptionstrategy,InformationEconomicsandPolicy,vol.21,Aug.2009,

pp.201210.

D.Soper andD.S.Soper,ICTInvestmentImpactsonFutureLevelsofDemocracy,Corruption,andEGovernment

Acceptance inEmergingCountries,InformationSystems,2007.

P.Sturges,Corruption, TransparencyandaRoleforICT?,JournalofInformationEthics,vol.2,2004,pp.19.

E.PonceandA.Durn,Characterization oftheSecurityImplications ofAlternativeEprocurementTopologies

AlternativeEprocurementTopologies,Security,2003,pp.114122.

A.Groznik andP.Trkman,Upstreamsupplychainmanagementinegovernment:ThecaseofSlovenia,Government

InformationQuarterly,vol.26,Jul.2009,pp.459467.

Presentedby:

Prof.AbdulHanan Abdullah.M.Sc.,Ph.D,ReceivetheB.Sc.andM.Sc fromSanFrancisco, California,andPh.D degreefrom

AstonUniversity,Birmingham, UK,in1995. HeisaProfessorat FacultyofComputer

Science&InformationSystem,Universiti Teknologi Malaysia(UTM).

Hisreseach interestisinInformation/NetworkSecurity&ICTInfrastructure.

HeisalsoaheadofPervasiveComputingResearchGroup(PCRG)UTMandmember

ofIEEE&ACM.

Contact:[email protected] &blog:http://csc.fsksm.utm.my/hanan/

Provideby:Deris Stiawan.HoldsanM.Eng fromUniversityofGadjah Mada,Indonesia,

since2006,heisComputerSciencefacultymemberatUniversityofSriwijaya,

Indonesia. HeismemberofIEEEandcurrentlypursuinghisPh.D degreeatFacultyofComputerScience&InformationSystem,Universiti Teknologi

Malaysia(UTM)workinginintrusionpreventionsystem.Hejoinedresearch

groupInformationAssuranceandSecurityResearchGroup(IASRG)inthe

areaofIntrusionPreventionandDetection(ITD)atUTM.Hisprofessional

profilehasderivedtothefieldofcomputernetworkandnetworksecurity,

speciallyfocusedonintrusionpreventionandnetworkinfrastructure.

http://webs.fsksm.utm.my/blog/pcrg/derissetiawan/

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