icu project deliverable - cordis · all partners 9. f. niklaus quantum-well, silicon-germanium...

Infrared Imaging Components for Use in Automotive Safety Applications

Confidential

of 22

DOCUMENT DELIVERABLE NUMBER D8.7 DUE DATE 30.04.2010 TYPE OF DELIVERABLE REPORT ACTUAL DATE 14.09.2011 ISSUED BY VUB PAGES 22 CONTRIBUTING WP / TASK WP8/ TASKS 8.2, 8.3, 8.4 & 8.5 ANNEXES 0 CONFIDENTIALITY STATUS RESTRICTED TO GROUP (RE) PROJECT GRANT AGREEMENT NO. 223989 ACRONYM ICU

TITLE INFRARED IMAGING COMPONENTS FOR USE IN AUTOMOTIVE SAFETY APPLICATIONS

PROJECT START 01.05.2008 CALL FP7-ICT-2007.3.5 FUNDING SCHEME STREP PROJECT WEBSITE WWW .ICU-EU.COM

ICU PROJECT DELIVERABLE

LEAD BENEFICIARY VUB

AUTHOR PROF. HUGO THIENPONT /PROF. HEIDI OTTEVAERE PHONE: +32-2-629 34 51 E-MAIL : HTHIENPO @VUB.AC.BE HOTTEVAERE @TONA .VUB.AC.BE

PROJECT COORDINATOR KTH - ROYAL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

PROJECT COORDINATOR

REPRESENTATIVE DR. FRANK NIKLAUS PHONE: +46-8-790 9332 E-MAIL : FRANK .NIKLAUS @EE.KTH .SE

PROJECT OFFICER DR. M ICHAEL ZIEGLER EUROPEAN COMMISSION

DELIVERABLE D8.7 REPORT ON RESULTS OF DISSEMINATION OF FOREGROUND

KNOWLEDGE AND UPDATED PLAN

Confidential

of 22

Version: 3.0 Date: 14.09.2011

Deliverable D8.7

REPORT ON RESULTS OF DISSEMINATION OF FOREGROUND KNOWLEDGE AND UPDATED PLAN

Confidential

of 22

REVISION HISTORY

VER. DATE PAGES NOTES AUTHOR

1.0 21.05.2010 9 Draft Document Heidi Ottevaere/Hugo Thienpont

2.0 05.06.2010 16 Final Document Heidi Ottevaere/Hugo Thienpont

3.0 14.09.2011 22 Revised Document Heidi Ottevaere/Hugo Thienpont

CONTRIBUTING AUTHORS

AUTHOR PROJECT PARTNER E-MAIL PHONE

Frank Niklaus KTH [email protected] +46-8-790 9332

Per Eriksson Acreo [email protected] +46-8-632 7742

Anders Elfving SensoNor [email protected] +47-3303-51 57

Dick Eriksson Autoliv [email protected] +46-322-62 63 06

Tom Krekels Umicore [email protected] +32 14 24 53 05

Heidi Ottevaere VUB [email protected] +32-2-629 34 51

L IST OF BENEFICIARIES

BENEFICIARY NUMBER

BENEFICIARY NAME BENEFICIARY SHORT NAME COUNTRY

1 Coordinator KTH - Royal Institute of Technology KTH Sweden

2 Acreo AB Acreo Sweden

3 Infineon Technologies SensoNor AS SensoNor Norway

4 Autoliv Development AB Autoliv Sweden

5 Umicore nv Umicore Belgium

6 Vrije Universiteit Brussel VUB Belgium

Version: 3.0 Date: 14.09.2011

Deliverable D8.7


Confidential

of 22

TABLE OF CONTENTS

1. Executive summary ................................................................................................................... 5

2. Planning for dissemination........................................................................................................ 5 2.1. Realised dissemination in Year 2 ...................................................................................... 5 2.2. Short Term Planned Dissemination ................................................................................... 6 3. Use and Exploitation Plans ....................................................................................................... 7 3.1. Realised Use and Exploitation in Year 2 – Academic partners ......................................... 7

3.2. Realised Use and Exploitation in Year 2 – Industry ........................................................ 11 3.2.1. SensoNor .......................................................................................................................... 11

3.2.2. Autoliv ............................................................................................................................. 14

3.3. Short Term Planning for Use and Exploitation ............................................................... 20 4 Conclusions ............................................................................................................................. 20

5 List of figures .......................................................................................................................... 22

6 List of tables ............................................................................................................................ 22

Version: 3.0 Date: 14.09.2011

Deliverable D8.7


Confidential

of 22

1. Executive summary This deliverable is part of Tasks 8.2, 8.3, 8.4 & 8.5 as specified in Annex I to the Grant Agreement – Description of Work (DoW). This Task concerns the planning for Dissemination and Use. A first plan was issued as Deliverable D8.3. This Deliverable D8.7 should be regarded as the second release of this planning. This deliverable first reports on the scientific and technological dissemination of the project results and provides an overview of the visibility of ICU on internet. Second, the deliverable reports on how foreground knowledge generated within ICU is used by the different beneficiaries: the research institutes/universities report in their use plans in a quantified manner: how the results are used in teaching and research (e.g. how many students are trained on the results). The revised version of this document mainly contains an update of the exploitation plan. The dissemination activities of year 3 by the academic partners is in detail discussed in the 3th periodic report (40-month progress and management report).

2. Planning for dissemination ICU has conducted considerable dissemination efforts during its first and second year. The consortium tried to raise awareness about the ICU initiative through participation at major conferences and at topical events. Here we report both on achieved and planned dissemination activities.

2.1. Realised dissemination in Year 2 In year 2 ICU has achieved 1 published journal publication. Table 1 will be continuously updated and presented every year in the consecutive reports on the Plans for Dissemination and Use of Knowledge (next issue with Deliverable D8.10). We highlight that several other journal publications are currently being prepared. N° Authors Title Journal info Partners

involved 1 F. Niklaus et al. Wafer bonding with nano-imprint

resists as sacrificial adhesive for fabrication of silicon-on-integrated-circuit (SOIC) wafers in 3D integration of MEMS and ICs

Sensors and Actuators A: Physical, Volume 154, Issue 1, 2009, pages 180-186

KTH

Table 1: ICU Journal Publications for Year II of the project Table 2 summarizes how ICU participated to and disseminated at events including meetings, workshops and conferences. A highlight of the dissemination activities was the visibility and presence of ICU at the SPIE Photonics Europe Conference, held in April 2010 in Brussels (Belgium). This event is known as the one of the most prestigious conference in the field of photonics in Europe. ICU contributed in the Industrial session on IR Detection at the Optical Sensing and Detection Conference with 3 invited presentations given by the partners. With the booth at the European Network Village ICU was introduced to the general public through some news flashes on Flemish TV (VTM News) and TV Brussels.

Version: 3.0 Date: 14.09.2011

Deliverable D8.7


Confidential

of 22

N° Authors Title and type Event info Partners

involved 1 D. Eriksson Pedestrian Injury Mitigation System

- Poster 3th Euripides Forum, October 2009, Barcelona

All partners

2. F. Niklaus Adhesive Wafer Bonding and Applications - Presentation

Waferbond, December 2009, Grenoble

KTH

3. J. Andersson Detector technologies for advanced IR imaging –Presentation

IMAGIC Seminar Day, November 2009, Sweden

Acreo

4. T. Kvisterøy Microbolometer arrays in mass production –Presentation

IMAGIC Seminar Day, November 2009, Sweden

SensoNor

5. A. Fischer Selective Electroless Nickel Plating on Oxygen-Plasma-Activated Gold Seed Layers for the Fabrication of Low-Contact Resistance Vias and Microstructures - Presentation

IEEE MEMS, January 2010, Hong Kong

KTH

6. A. Elfving Low cost, high performance Far Infrared microbolometer – Invited Presentation

Optical Sensing and Detection Conference, SPIE Photonics Europe, April 2010, Brussels

SensorNor, Autoliv

7. N. Roxhed Low-Cost Uncooled Microbolometers for Thermal Imaging - Invited Presentation

Optical Sensing and Detection Conference, SPIE Photonics Europe, April 2010, Brussels

KTH, Acreo, SensoNor, Vestfold Univ. College

8. F. Niklaus Infrared Imaging Components for Use in Automotive Safety Applications (ICU) - Booth

European Village, SPIE Photonics Europe, April 2010, Brussels

All partners

9. F. Niklaus Quantum-well, silicon-germanium bolometers for low-cost infrared imagers – Presentation

Proc. MSW 2010, Stockholm, Sweden

KTH

Table 2: ICU dissemination at conferences/workshops in Year II A considerable effort was conducted in terms of widespread distribution of press releases in Year I. In Year II special attention was received from the technical press such as for example 3-D Packaging News, the Swedish electronics industry paper “Elektonik i Norden” and the IMAGIC Seminar Newsflash. ICU also submitted an abstract for publication in the EOS brochure “How optics and photonics address Europe’s challenges of the 21st century”. This brochure will demonstrate to politicians and the broad public how photonics address Europe‘s challenges in the 21st century by providing solutions for the fields of health, energy, environment, production, IT, security and transport. An EOS jury will select the best contributions for publication in the printed brochure. In addition, all accepted contributions will be published in a web gallery at www.myeos.org. Both the brochure and the web gallery will be published in summer 2010 and will be widely promoted in the European optics and photonics community.

2.2. Short Term Planned Dissemination In Year III, ICU will take the initiative to edit a Wikipedia page of ICU. The intention of the creation of this Wikipedia page is to provide better indexing of ICU on the internet, relying on the widespread use and popularity of Wikipedia. In the course of Year III the Wikipedia page will be set up with additional links to ICU reference material (publications, pictures, press releases,…). The ICU partners intend to participate in Year III to several international conferences and events (e.g. IEEE MEMS 2010 Conference in Hong Kong). In addition the consortium beneficiaries may

Version: 3.0 Date: 14.09.2011

Deliverable D8.7


Confidential

of 22

receive shorter notice invitations to present ICU work during workshops or conferences. The policy within ICU is to accept these invitations. ICU has also received the opportunity to participate to ICT2010 event (http://ec.europa.eu/information_society/events/ict/2010/) in Brussels (Belgium). ICT2010 is organized during the last week of September 2010.

3. Use and Exploitation Plans

3.1. Realised Use and Exploitation in Year 2 – Academic partners The academic institutes have been very active in supporting the use and exploitation plans for ICU. More particularly efforts were undertaken to align ICU research with PhD research and use ICU technology for training students. VUB has been exposing a large amount of students to ICU related technologies. First in terms of PhD works two PhD students are currently conducting their doctoral research on ICU issues (not financed by ICU): • Els Moens (PhD scheduled to end in 2011)

Design and manufacturing of an insect-alike compound facet eye This PhD student is financed as teaching assistant at the Vrije Universiteit Brussel. The work deals with the design of novel refractive micro-optics by mimicking insect eyes and their integration with infrared cameras (Promoters: H. Ottevaere, H. Thienpont)

• Keerti Vardham Sharma (PhD scheduled to end in 2012) Novel diffractive optical components for photonic applications This PhD student is financed by the Institute for the Promotion of Innovation by Science and Technology in Flanders (IWT). The work deals with the design of novel diffractive optics for industrial applications with a main focus on the automotive. (Promoters: H. Ottevaere, H. Thienpont)

• Fredrik Forsberg (PhD scheduled to end in 2012) Heterogeneous Integration Technologies for Complex Microsystems This PhD student is financed as teaching assistant at KTH Royal Institute of Technology. The work deals with the design of novel heterogeneous integration technologies for complex microsystems such as IR bolometer arrays. (Promoters: F. Niklaus, G. Stemme)

• Andreas Fischer (PhD scheduled to end in 2012) Via Technologies for Heterogeneous Microsystems This PhD student is financed as teaching assistant at KTH Royal Institute of Technology. The work deals with via technologies for heterogeneous integration of microsystems, including through silicon via technologies. (Promoters: F. Niklaus, G. Stemme)

In terms of teaching, ICU technologies were illustrated during the lecture “Microsystem Technology” (course no.: EK2350, week 12 to week 20, 2011, Prof. Göran Stemme, Dr. Frank Niklaus) at KTH and during the lectures of H. Thienpont on “Recent Trends in Photonics”. The latter is a compulsory course in the Erasmus Mundus MSc “Masters in Photonics” (http://www.master-photonics.org/) involving VUB, UG, Univ. of St. Andrews (UK), Heriot-Watt Univ. (UK) and KTH (Sweden) and in the joint VUB-UG MSc in Photonics. Also SensoNor exploited the ICU project through open seminars at Vestfold University College in Norway.

Version: 3.0 Date: 14.09.2011

Deliverable D8.7


Confidential

of 22

VUB prepared with the Solvay Business Engineering School – Faculty of Economical and Political Sciences a business project on ICU for their course on Entrepreneurship in the academic year 2009-2010. The objective of such a business project is to discuss the potential implementation of a given technology in a given market and to estimate its impact on the economy. The project has been mentored by M. Goldschtein and T. Guldemont (Faculty of Economical and Political Sciences) and H. Ottevaere (Faculty of Engineering Sciences) at VUB. The market chosen for this business project is the field of security and the following applications have been investigated: Perimeter Detection and Logistics. For both applications the competitors on the market, the technical approach and the value chain have been investigated. Contacts have been taken with companies that develop today already sensing modules for these applications. The report of this student project can be made available upon request, should this be found relevant and appropriate by the review team. VUB took the lead in the production of a short promotional video of ICU. Key partners in ICU have been interviewed and demonstration material has been filmed at the European Network Village at SPIE Photonics Europe 2010. This video will be made available through the B-PHOT website www.b-phot.org and on the ICU website. B-PHOT is the new name for the research group of VUB involved in ICU. The video is edited by Mad Monkey Studios that provide video productions for not for profit organisations (www.madmonkey.be). One of the actions supporting the use and exploitation of ICU has been the setting up of an Industrial User Club (IUC). ICU partners have been active in trying to attract a number of industrial partners that are keen to follow up on the technological developments of ICU and that see potential use of the technology in their applications. At this stage more than 30 companies have signed up for the ICU IUC (e.g. Texas Instruments, Samsung, Melexis, Flir Systems, North Coast Industrial Imaging) (see Table 3).

Company name Contact person Email address

Acreo Qin Wang [email protected]

Acreo Nico Bolse [email protected]

AG-Tek Avelino Gonçalves [email protected]

Analog Devices Teoman Ustun [email protected]

Austrian Institute of Technology Schoitsch Erwin [email protected]

Autoliv Electronics Astrid Lundmark [email protected]

Axis Communications Martin Gren [email protected]

BEA Oliver Gillieaux [email protected]

Bosch Karl-Franz Reinhart [email protected]

Bosch Matthieu Liger [email protected]

Siemens Building Technologies Group Dieter Wieser [email protected]

Cea Agnès Arnaud [email protected]

Cea Vincent Cachard [email protected] Centre Suisse d'Electronique et Microtechnique SA

Andrea Dunbar [email protected]

CTO Xenics Jan Vermeiren [email protected]

Version: 3.0 Date: 14.09.2011

Deliverable D8.7


Confidential

of 22

FLIR Systems Andrew Sharpe [email protected]

FLIR Systems Ulf Wållgren [email protected]

Fraunhofer Jan-Uwe Schmidt [email protected]

Fraunhofer Jörg Heber [email protected]

Fraunhofer Dr. Harald Schenk [email protected]

Lattice Materials Ken Fichtler [email protected]

Maxtech International Inc. Gabor F. Fulop [email protected]

Melexis Luc Buydens [email protected]

Meprolight LTD Gabriel Karp [email protected]

NCII - North Coast Industrial Imaging John C. Lafeber [email protected]

NEC-Avio Infrared Technology Noboru Yasuda [email protected]

OIP Sensor Systems Philippe Chevalier [email protected]

Opgal Optronic Industries Ltd Zeev Rom [email protected]

Perceptron Cyrilla Jane Menon [email protected]

Perceptron Al Boehnlein [email protected]

Quadrep Taiwan David Lee [email protected]

Samsung Raymond Park [email protected]

Sumitomo Electric SHIKATA Yoshiaki, [email protected]

Technical University of Sofia Alexander Bekiarski [email protected]

Technostack, Ltd Dmitry Vyuga [email protected]

Texas Instruments Jeff Farriss jeff-farriss @ti.com

Tiscali Fernando Pedichini [email protected]

Tower Jazz Karroy Arjun [email protected]

UEi Test Instruments Inc Rick Hugel [email protected]

X-FAB Roy Knechtel [email protected]

Yole Eric Mounier [email protected]

Table 3: Industrial User Club members of ICU In accordance with the DoW and as planned in the Periodic Progress Report for Year I, a first Benefits for Industry Workshop has been organized at T0+24 (April 15th in Brussels) by VUB. The programme is summarized below in Figure 1. The outcome of this meeting has been reported with Deliverable D8.5. The successful demonstration of the integration technology for MEMS infrared bolometers in the ICU project has for KTH resulted in a new research project together with IBM, ST Microelectronics, EPFL and Lancaster University. The goal of this project is to extend and implement heterogeneous integration technologies to emerging Nano-Electromechnical-System (NEMS) devices. This project has the acronym NEMIAC and has started on September 1, 2011.

Version: 3.0 Date: 14.09.2011

Deliverable D8.7


Confidential

of 22

Figure 1: Invitation and Programme of ICU “Benefits for Industry Meeting” The basic SiGe technology was patented before the ICU project started. The work that Acreo has performed in the project has not lead to innovations suitable for patenting. The results, however, have deepened the understanding of the SiGe bolometer concept which strengthens the position of Acreo to offer the technology for other applications and to new partners or licences. Demonstrations of the technology will be possible as soon as working ICU image sensor circuits have been manufactured. Acreo has already granted licences of the SiGe technology to Autoliv and Sensonor. They are investigating the possibility of licensing the technology for other applications, such as THz imaging, to other parties as well. In addition to licensing, Acreo is investigating other possible commercialization alternatives. An area that has received a lot of interest lately is THz imaging where the basic technology can be used as well. One commercialization path Acreo will pursue is to establish research and development cooperation with actors that are already working in the THz field, but want to expand their product portfolio with a bolometer based technology. The commitment to commercialization by Sensonor shows that even in its current state, the SiGe bolometer technology is ready for commercial use. Acreo is, however, looking into what research would be needed to expand the use of the SiGe technology to other applications than IR imaging. One such area is THz imaging.

Version: 3.0 Date: 14.09.2011

Deliverable D8.7


Confidential

of 22

3.2. Realised Use and Exploitation in Year 2 – Industry

3.2.1. SensoNor In order to bring the LWIR camera to the market, high performance and low cost are of fundamental importance. The performance is improved compared to state-of-the-art systems by the use of a mono-crystalline Si/SiGe thermistor material with low noise and high TCR (≥ 3%/K). Elaboration of processes, such as wafer-level packaging, reduces the overall costs significantly when all bolometer arrays on a wafer are sealed in one single packaging process. At the same time the large market outside automotive, e.g. thermography and security/surveillance markets can potentially increase the volumes to a level which makes it possible to produce LWIR cameras at a cost well below the market price today, still with a product performance equal or beyond state-of-the-art. The automotive industry has tougher requirements and product specifications compared to other markets, implying that the LWIR system will be available for other markets before it can be fully used in automotive. Consequently, Sensonor’s strategy is to initially reach a broad market for thermography and security etc, resulting in a volume ramp-up which is needed to lower the manufacturing costs required by the automotive industry. The different markets have varying needs of optics and therefore Sensonor is marketing a off-the-shelf FPA without optics. Sensonor has established contacts with several potential customers, for example within surveillance. A major potential player within automotive is Autoliv (Sweden). Autoliv develops and manufactures automotive safety systems for all major auto makers and is also a partner in the ICU project. All potential customers have expressed a genuine interest for the product within their respective field of application. Sensonor’s current marketing efforts also include a broader audience. To create awareness of the upcoming product Sensonor is also disseminating information at scientific conferences. In 2010 three different papers highlighting the high performance and low cost of the targeted product have been presented at two different SPIE conferences:

Figure 2: Example of marketing material from Sensonor. Rollup poster presenting the targeted product

Version: 3.0 Date: 14.09.2011

Deliverable D8.7


Confidential

of 22

• Lapadatu, G. Kittilsland, A. Elfving, E. Hohler, T. Kvisteroy, T. Bakke, and P. Ericsson, “High-performance long wave infrared bolometer fabricated by wafer bonding”, Proc. SPIE 7660, 766016 (2010), DOI:10.1117/12.852526 • A. Roer, A. Lapadatu, A. Elfving, G. Kittilsland, and E. Hohler, “Low cost, high performance far infrared microbolometer”, Proc. SPIE 7726, 77260Z (2010), DOI:10.1117/12.855784 • N. Roxhed, F. Niklaus, A. C. Fischer, F. Forsberg, L. Hoglund, P. Ericsson, B. Samel, S. Wissmar, A. Elfving, T. Ivar Simonsen, K. Wang, and N. Hoivik, “Low-cost uncooled microbolometers for thermal imaging”, Proc. SPIE 7726, 772611 (2010), DOI:10.1117/12.855752 Figure 2 shows an example of the current marketing material at Sensonor. As soon as the first samples are ready Sensonor will activate its regular marketing channels. They include press releases, distributors, trade shows, etc. Market Figure 3 shows the share of the uncooled IR market for the next few years. It is expected that automotive and security markets will grow significantly in the near future, and together with thermography these will be the largest markets in terms of units. The uncooled IR market is expected to be $3.4B in 2015 with tripled IR camera volumes compared to 2010.

Figure 3: Market breakdown in units for uncooled IR market (From Yole Development)

The forecasts of the microbolometer market are shown in figure 4 for three pixel resolution categories. Small formats are resolutions of 160x120 or below, medium formats are typically 320x240 to 384x288 while large formats are 640x480 or larger. Today medium and large formats share the market fairly equal but it is believed that the medium format will dominate the market in 2015. The number of small format units will increase but their price is reduced drastically. During the period the price decrease is as large as -10% per year averaged over all resolutions (-57 % in five years for small formats only). With the technologies developed in ICU and with the first generation products based on medium format FPA, Sensonor has a leading position to fulfill the long-term cost requirements of most markets.

Version: 3.0 Date: 14.09.2011

Deliverable D8.7


Confidential

of 22

Figure 4: Forecast of the microbolometer market in $ (a), and in units (b) (From Yole Development) Competitors Medium format products from some competitors are summarized in Table 3. Vanadium oxide (VOx) or hydrogenated amorphous Si (a-Si) are the most commonly used high-TCR thermistor materials. Among the companies listed below, ULIS is considered to be the major competitor since they today have developed a FPA product portfolio with rather high performance at a reasonable cost. However, Sensonor is expected to lower the manufacturing costs using novel elaborated processes and innovative integration technologies leading high-performance products with market prices that are much lower than state-of-the-art FPAs. Patents for the integration technologies are pending. More specific the filed patents concern the procedure for the integration of the bolometer superstructure on top of the ROIC including the wafer level cap wafer integration and the cap wafer bond method itself. Company Thermistor

material Resolution Pitch

(µm) Time const. (ms)

NETD (mK)

Comments

ULIS a-Si 384x288 25 <7 30 Has also 640x480 with 17 µm pitch. NETD unknown L3 a-Si 320x240 30 <70 Wafer level packaging. 17 µm pitch under development and a-

SiGe Raytheon VOx 320x240 25 <16 50 Has also 640x240 with 25 or 17 µm pitch. BAE Systems VOx 320x240 28 <15 <100 Has demonstrated 640x480 resolution, 17 µm pitch. NETD=50

mK DRS Technologies

VOx 320x240 25 <15 <50 Has also 640x480 resolution, 25 µm pitch. NETD <50 mK

Table 4: Some competitor’s products with performance @F/1 optics Sensonor’s product and roadmap Sensonor’s product specifications are summarized below

(a)

(b)

Version: 3.0 Date: 14.09.2011

Deliverable D8.7


Confidential

of 22

� Array format: 384×288

� Spectral response: 7-14 µm

� Operating temperature range: -40/+95 °C

� Array operability: >99%

� TEC-less operation

� Weight: ≤ 5 g

� Overall dimension (mm): 25×25×2

� Thermal time constant: ≤ 12 ms

� Frame rate: 60 Hz

� Area fill factor: >80 %

� NETD: ≤ 20 mK @ F/#1 and 23 °C (30 Hz)

Most above-mentioned parameters are equal or beyond state-of-the-art. Most important is to accomplish the low NETD of only 20 mK and at the same time keep the manufacturing costs at a competing level. With a product fulfilling the above specifications Sensonor will be in an advanced position to capture a large portion of the market both for non-automotive as well as for automotive applications.

Presently, Sensonor spends continuously almost 500 man-months per year, roughly shared 50/50% between internal and external activities. The first qualified samples for non-automotive applications are expected in late 2011 while corresponding samples for automotive is planned in mid-2012. A product with 17 µm pitch and VGA resolution (640x480) is also in the roadmap and these activities will start shortly.

3.2.2. Autoliv

General History Scope of the problem Road traffic accidents are the leading cause of death and hospital admission for EU citizens under 45 years old. With 39 000 road traffic deaths in 2008 and socio-economic costs of around 2% of GDP (€180 billion), road safety continues to be a priority area for action in the EU1. Pedestrians accounts for 17.5% of these fatalities in EU18, 20052. Night time driving is especially dangerous for pedestrians as the driver’s visibility is reduced. What are effective measurements? The current protection of pedestrian are today mainly consists of “passive” protection, e.g. energy absorbing front and hood designs, but also deployable systems like hood lifters, and bumper bags: All such systems function after an accident has occurred.

1 http://ec.europa.eu/transport/road_safety/consultations/2009_11_20_ersap_2011_2020__en.htm 2 http://ec.europa.eu/transport/roadsafety_library/care/doc/safetynet/2007/bfs2007_sn-kfv-1-3-pedestrians.pdf

Version: 3.0 Date: 14.09.2011

Deliverable D8.7


Confidential

of 22

Drivers Vision Enhancement (DVE) which enables the driver to have a better view of the road hazards, like pedestrians, during darkness and in inclement weather conditions aim at preventing pedestrian accidents all together, as well as mitigating the consequences of unavoidable accidents. These DVE systems are mainly based on passive detectors or active illumination coupled with an imaging detector. The former uses Far Infrared (FIR) detectors and the latter Near Infrared (NIR). Future systems The regulation of the Parliament and the Council “on protection of pedestrian and other vulnerable road users”, {SEC (2007) 1244 and 1245} opens for a collision avoidance system where a Far Infrared (FIR) camera may be a vital part for detecting an imminent accident and activate counter measurements like autonomous braking.

Figure 5: Extract from {SEC (2007) 1244 and 1245}

Markets/ Products

Markets Europe In 2003 the European Commission established a goal to halve road accident victims in the European Union until 2010. Several initiatives were mentioned in the communication papers such as education and awareness campaigns as well as introduction of new Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS) technologies, e.g. eCall, Alco lock and Advanced Driver Assistance systems (ADAS). In the 2009 “Action plan for the Deployment of Intelligent Transport Systems in Europe” 3. Issued by the European Commission aim to “promote deployment of advanced driver assistance systems that bring about the greatest injury reduction and life saving potential”. US In 2007, 41509 persons were killed in traffic accidents. Out of these fatalities, 4654 (11.3%) were pedestrians. There were 70000 pedestrians injured during the same time4. With on average a

3 2935th TRANSPORT, TELECOMMUNICATION and ENEGY Council meeting, Brussels, 30 March 2009. http://www.consilium.europa.eu/uedocs/cms_data/docs/pressdata/en/trans/106964.pdf

Version: 3.0 Date: 14.09.2011

Deliverable D8.7


Confidential

of 22

pedestrian killed every 133 minutes and injured in every 8 minutes. To lower these numbers is a prioritized matter for the US traffic authorities. Rest of the world In highly motorized countries like Japan pedestrian fatalities accounts for 28%. In Africa, pedestrian accounts for up to 54% of all fatalities in car accidents. (Zambia1996). In countries like South Africa, were the increased motorization level, drivers accounted for a much larger share of road fatalities. But still 41% (1994) was pedestrian fatalities. In the Middle East and North Africa region pedestrian deaths as a percentage of all road fatalities are amongst highest in the world, Lebanon 62% Jordan 42%5.

Products The Far infra red camera developed in the ICU project has many potential applications, where DVE is one application. Wide spread, high volume automotive applications like autonomous braking require the low cost potential of the ICU project.

Market outlook

General DVE systems are expected to grow at more than 40% Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) in the US and more than 60% in the rest of the world (Including Europe). It is the fastest growing market segment for uncooled infrared application (the other segments are expected to grow by only 15-18% CAGR).

Figure 6: A market forecast (unit M$) for uncooled IR systems in the worlds except US

(Source: Maxtech Int. 2008)

4 Traffic Safety Facts, NHTSA, DOT HS 810 994, http://www-nrd.nhtsa.dot.gov/Pubs/810994.PDF 5 Estimating global raod fatalities, TRL report 445.http://transport-links.org/transport_links/filearea/publications/1_329_TRL445.pdf

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1600

2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013

Military and misc.

Security/Surveillance

DVE

Fire fighting

Predictive maintenance

Version: 3.0 Date: 14.09.2011

Deliverable D8.7


Confidential

of 22

Market price There are two types of DVE systems on the market today. The market price at a costumer level for a FIR DVE system is today 2200€ For a NIR DVE system the consumer price is at a 1500€ level. These DVE systems are mainly installed in the high end segment

Vehicle production volumes 2008 the vehicle production was 70 millions out of which 52 millions was passenger cars. In Europe alone the vehicle production was almost 16 million passenger cars.

Competitors Suppliers of FIR cameras not yet on the automotive market, like ULIS.

Market approach This product is aimed for factory installations at OEMS Market analysis

Deeper understanding of required extra functionality Factory installed products

Vehicle integration, electrical, packing, design and HMI.

Cost /sales price for ICU sensor equipped FIR camera The main cost of today’s FIR cameras is the sensor itself. The target for the ICU project is to dramatically reduce this cost for the camera to allow wide spread introduction in the market. Product Cost Market/Consumer price FIR Sensor € >100 - FIR Camera - Half of today

Forecast The annual vehicle production in the world is 50 million units out of which Europe accounts for 17 million units. The DVE market for uncooled FIR sensors for the automotive market is predicted to grow by 40% CAGR in the US and with 60% in the rest of the world including Europe according to Maxtech int..

SWOT Analysis Strengths New low cost technology Experienced supplier of safety electronics to OEM’s Global footprint Partner relationships: Autoliv, Sensonor, Umicore ,Acreo, KTH, VUB Autolivs sale organization Autolivs Brand / Safety focus Weaknesses Product concept not yet verified

Version: 3.0 Date: 14.09.2011

Deliverable D8.7


Confidential

of 22

Opportunities Increasing awareness of vulnerable road users Enabler for extended functions Threats Competitors Low volume

Action plan Make deeper market acceptance analysis Define product and offering Customer road show with Autoliv accounts

3.2.3. Umicore For several years, Umicore has been involved in the infrared imaging market with cost-effective optical products. Umicore’s main aim is to enable the growth in this market by contributing to system cost reductions that are essential to allow significant growth of thermal imaging applications in the consumer market. Umicore as such wants to support the transition from low-volume, high-cost applications towards more consumer-oriented, mass-volume optical applications. In 2005 Umicore became supplier of far infrared optics for Autoliv’s night vision camera and has since aimed at leveraging this experience into both automotive and non-automotive applications. The overall thermal imaging market shows promising growth in the coming years, with the automotive market (Night Vision Enhancement Systems) as a major contributor. However, strong growth prospects in infrared optics for Umicore are also found in various other infrared market segments such as predictive maintenance and building security. Both Umicore’s efforts in reducing material cost and in optimizing the manufacturing process will significantly lower the cost of the far infrared optic. Lenses for today’s far infrared cameras are generally made of germanium and machined to shape one by one. This is driving the cost for the optics and the cameras. With the supplies of moulded optics to Autoliv, Umicore has introduced the moulded infrared optic for the first time ever in a large volume consumer program. Since, Umicore has been focusing its development on product cost, and product performance. Within the ICU project Umicore has explored technological opportunities to develop a low cost lens system. Two elements of the system design were specifically explored: (1) the diffractive optical element (DOE) to reduce manufacturing cost and materials requirement for the optic, and (2) the wafer level integration of an optical element with the detector wafer from Sensonor. Whereas the exploration of opportunities to design and manufacture a DOE with sufficient performance to replace a single or double lens has not lead to satisfactory results, results of wafer level integration are promising. Whereas the specification selected as target specification does not allow for a single element lens, the principles developed for the wafer level integration of lens and bolometer are applicable to a single element lens system. This will eliminate one of the major drawbacks of wafer level integration of a two lens system, being the requirement of mounting and accurately aligning the second element in a separate non-wafer-level-integratable step. Therefore, out of the ICU project, Umicore sees that single lens system and the corresponding low-cost high-volume process for manufacturing the GASIR ® optics, as the most important exploitable result.

Version: 3.0 Date: 14.09.2011

Deliverable D8.7


Confidential

of 22

In what follows, we will describe what applications and markets can be targeted with the developed technologies. The target specifications for the single lens element are a short focal length, to enable a wafer level packaging, and a wide field of view. The table underneath shows the relationship between field of view and detector choices. Smaller detectors necessarily limit the field of view.

Focal length RF type Best detector HFOV

6.8mm f/1.4 Wide Angle 320x240 17µm 47deg

6.8mm f/1.4 Medium 160x120 17µm 24 deg

6.8mm f/1.4 Wide Angle 160x120 25µm 35 deg Table 5: Specifications corresponding with short focal length 1 lens system Several potentially very high volume applications match these specifications. The figures 4 and 6 illustrate expected growth in the target market segments potentially addressed by the 1 lens system. Figure 4 shows the expected growth in the bolometer market, segmented per bolometer size. The lower range that is most compatible with a low cost (1-lens) optical system is likely the fastest growing. Figure 6 shows the market growth broken down per application. The realisation of the forecasted growth figures relies on the systems meeting the respective markets’ cost targets. The ICU project is one of the projects that is allowing the project partners to make significant contributions in meeting this market cost requirement. Simple one lens solutions are most compatible with applications such as: Application Description Example Smart sensors Smart sensors are multipixel IR

sensors for a variety of applications e.g.

intelligent door openers, security sensors, car cockpit monitoring

Low cost thermography

One lens solutions give the potential to reduce the cost of thermography.

building inspection, veterinary, public health screening

Low cost security and surveillance

one lens solutions offer the possibility to create low cost thermal security and surveillance cameras with a wide field of view

room surveillance

The valorisation potential of the ICU project is to be found in the cost reductions it supports, that (1) allow the forecasted market growth and (2) allows Umicore to maintain and grow its market share (30%) in these emerging and growing markets. Finally, the focus on short focal length wide angle systems that the ICU project has triggered has triggered interesting optical design efforts at Umicore (outside of the project), but with an unexpected patenting opportunity that is currently being explored.

Version: 3.0 Date: 14.09.2011

Deliverable D8.7


Confidential

of 22

Further development needs As the market requirements change, further improvements to the moulding process will be required. These will need to focus on further cost reductions in manufacturing processes and improvements in the manufacturing tolerances and capability. This continuing need for improvements is a consequence of the continuous changes in bolometer specification (reducing pixel size and sensitivity being the most important ones), and an increasing quality expectation of the user. Indeed, as the technology proliferates into wide use in day-to-day applications, a less technical audience will expect a quality according to the standards set by nowadays imaging technologies. Also coatings will need to be made more durable to withstand the abrasive action of sand and dust that many applications are exposed to. Identified obstacles A threat towards successful implementation of the moulded GASIR technologies, can be found in: alternative materials that could possibly make inroads in this market. A sintered ZnSe may offer an attractive cost potential, yet demonstrations of the related technologies today are far below market requirements. Market uptake of the infrared applications, as forecasted in the above graphs is another uncertainty. Established germanium technologies are proven and generally available. Moulded chalcogenide technologies have a much shorter track record. The short track record is very positive though, and we see market biases change rapidly in favour of the new material. Umicore has co-authored a number of scientific papers (see 3th periodic report). Partners have been informed of process performance issues and results on those segments of the development track that they have taken part in, to the mutual benefit of both parties. To well targeted audiences of Belgian and European partners and customers, Umicore have organized technical seminars and presentations to share results and gain interest in newly developed moulding technology.

3.3. Short Term Planning for Use and Exploitation In Year III, the companies have to work further on their business plan, which has to evolve from a description of the target market (size, competitors and competing solutions), to be complemented and updated in a second release with a clear description of the target product and its unique selling point to be finally completed in the final release with the marketing channels used and the financial projections (see D8.10).

4 Conclusions This report evidences the continued commitment of all ICU partners to exploit the generated foreground knowledge to the best of their abilities. Use and exploitation plans have been drafted both by the academic partners and by the companies. After two years of project research: one journal paper is published; ICU has been made visible at major events in the field with 3 invited and 5 contributed presentations – 1 exhibit booth was organized as well; industrial interest is growing from the interaction with the IUC counting 10 industrial partners and 5 research partners.

Version: 3.0 Date: 14.09.2011

Deliverable D8.7


Confidential

of 22

For the exploitation an overview is given in Table 6 summarizing the exploitable foreground information. Type of Exploitable Foreground

Description of exploitable foreground

Confidential Click on YES/NO

Foreseen embargo date

Exploitable product(s) or measure(s)

Sector(s) of application

Timetable, commercial or any other use

Patents or other IPR exploitation (licences)

Owner & Other Beneficiary(s) involved

Commercial exploitation of R&D results

Optimized LWIR system

yes N/A Low cost night view systems

C29.3.1 Night vision

2012 onward

N/A All ICU partners


Bolometer design

yes N/A Packaged IR bolometer focal plane array chip

C29.3.1, C26 Automotive applications (night vision, person/object)

2012 onward

N/A Acreo/KTH/ Sensonor/ Autoliv


Bolometer and optical design

yes N/A Packaged IR camera modules

C26 Night vision, Security, Thermography

2011 onward

N/A All ICU partners


Bolometer design parameters and critical technology features have been identified for the development of next generation commercial IR bolometer arrays with pixel pitches of 20 µm and below.

yes N/A C26 IR bolometer focal plane array chips

C29.3.1, C26 Automotive safety, security, surveillance, thermography

2012 N/A Acreo, KTH Sensonor


Optical Design yes N/A Lens Assemblies

Infra-Red imaging systems

Released to market

N/A Umicore


Moulding Technology

yes N/A Moulded GASIR optics

C26 Infra-Red imaging systems

Released to market

N/A Umicore


Process for miniature wafer scale high-vacuum packaging

yes N/A IR bolometer focal plane array chips

C26 Automotive safety, security, surveillance, thermography

2012 N/A Sensonor/Acreo/KTH/Umicore

Table 6: Overview table of exploitable foreground (Confidential) With this second plan for use and dissemination of foreground knowledge, the consortium has tried to fulfill the expectations for D8.7.

Version: 3.0 Date: 14.09.2011

Deliverable D8.7


Confidential

of 22

5 List of figures

L IST OF FIGURES

FIGURE NO. FIGURE CAPTIONS

Figure 1 Invitation and Programme of ICU “Benefits for Industry Meeting”

Figure 2 Example of marketing material from Sensonor. Rollup poster presenting the targeted product

Figure 3 Market breakdown in units for uncooled IR market (From Yole Development)

Figure 4 Forecast of the microbolometer market in $ (a), and in units (b) (From Yole Development)

Figure 5 Extract from {SEC (2007) 1244 and 1245}

Figure 6 A market forecast (unit M$) for uncooled IR systems in the worlds except US

(Source: Maxtech Int. 2008)

6 List of tables

L IST OF TABLES

TABLE NO. TABLE CAPTIONS

Table 1 ICU Journal Publications for Year II of the project

Table 2 ICU dissemination at conferences/workshops in Year II

Table 3 Industrial User Club members of ICU

Table 4 Some competitor’s products with performance @F/1 optics

Table 5 Specifications corresponding with short focal length 1 lens system

Table 6 Overview table of exploitable foreground (Confidential)

icu project deliverable - cordis · all partners 9. f. niklaus quantum-well, silicon-germanium...

Documents