Ideas for Reform

Controlling Immigration and Behavior

• Many immigrants labeled as criminals• Nativism – favoring native-born Americans

over immigrants – Chinese Exclusion Act• American Protective Association – teaching

of American culture and English language in schools

• Contract Labor Act – allowed employers to recruit immigrants – REPEALED!

• Immigration Restriction League – (Harvard Grads) targeted southern and eastern European immigrants

Prohibition

• Temperance Movement – campaign to eliminate alcohol consumption– Prohibition Party– Woman’s Christian

Temperance Movement

– Anti-Saloon League• Prohibition – ban on the

manufacture and sale of alcoholic beverages

Purity Crusaders

• Vice – immoral or corrupt behavior (Gambling, drugs, prostitution)

• Anthony Comstock – crusader who backed a law prohibiting the distribution of obscene materials through the mail– Example Birth Control

Information• Crusaders also attacked

political machines because they profited from vice

Helping the Needy

• Charity Organization Movement – Josephine Shaw Lowell – formed to help the needy conform to American ideals

• Social Gospel Movement – urban churches provided services to the poor around them

• Sought to apply the gospel to conditions around them

Settlement Movement

• Men and women move into a house, in the midst of a poor neighborhood and apply hands on help

• Witnessed the effects of poverty first-hand• 1889 Jane Addams and Ellen Gates Star

bought the Hull House in Chicago• Provided community service, education,

cultural events, childcare, playgrounds, etc• By 1910 there were over 400 settlement

houses nationwide

Jane Addams and Hull House