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6/11/2016 Syringe Hydraulic Arm | IdeasInspire

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Hydraulics is used in many applications we see or use every day. The brakes in an automobile or theliᢴ on the bucket of a tractor are two very common applications. We can experiment with simplehydraulics using plastic syringes for cylinders and small plastic tubing for the hydraulic hose. Onedefinition I read for hydraulics was, “the movement of pressurized liquids through confined spaces”.Like working with gears, pulleys, or levers; a mechanical advantage can be realized by using diᢴerentsize cylinders on the end of the hydraulic connections. By trading distance moved with the amountof force the advantage is realized.

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Moving the larger cylinder between 1

mark moved the smaller cylinder 2

marks.

Hydraulic cylinders for liᢴing and tilting bucket are

easily seen in this tractor my father constructed.

The story of my father’s company Champall Manufacturing in a 25 minute video. I created this severalyears ago as a DVD, not the best narration but an interesting story.

History of Champall Manufacturing – Link to YouTube video

Testimonial to Popularity of the Project

Sandy Gady 7th and 8th grade Math,Science, Design and Engineering teacher

“I have done the hydraulic arms with the syringes, they are so cool it’s beyond description. I

used to do them when I taught 6th grade in a small town. We had lots of retired people with

saws, so they would cut up the wood we needed. I then enlisted several of them to come into the

classroom and we taught kids how to use drills, screwdrivers and hammers to assemble the

finished project. In the end, they had a hydraulic arm that moved in three directions. I’ve had

contact with some of these students since, and many of them still have their hydraulic arms 20

years later. They still beam with pride when they talk about them. Cost of materials, about

$5.00. Educational value, priceless”.

http://ideas-inspire.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/11/HydrLine1Left.jpg

http://ideas-inspire.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/11/HydrLine1Right.jpg

http://youtu.be/yQ3tZrYz9vk



FuelMyBrain kids built a slightly diᢴerent

version of the hydraulic arm.

Large flat container was used to hold water

to fill the hydraulic arms.

Jump Down to Additional Syringe Experiment

The tubing I used was the type used for

aquarium airlines. Fuel line for model glow

engines would work but is more expensive.

There could be medical sources also. Then I

found

1/8″ ID x 3/16″ OD tubing at a Fleet Farm

store which is a tight fit.

Syringes can be purchased where farm

supplies are sold. I used the 12cc size as the

pump and the 6cc size as the actuator

cylinder.



http://www.fuelmybrain.org/

http://ideas-inspire.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/11/HydrLine3Left.JP_.jpg




I used one flat washer on the pivot point of the

gripper part of the arm, not sure it is needed.

8/32 Machine screws were used to hold

clamps on and for pivot points.

I used these copper plated ½” tube straps

to fasten the actuators (syringes) to the

wood.

The upright part of the arm is a furring strip.

This inexpensive wood is used when installing

drywall.

For the horizontal part of the arm, I used

5/8” square stock that comes in 36”Two sizes of craᢴ sticks are used in this project,









lengths. Normally found next to the round

dowels.

one on top is the size of a tongue depressor and

the bottom one is the size of a Popsicle stick.

The base can be made from scrap boards also, best to pick out the better boards as some are

warped. This board was labeled as 1” x 6” but true dimension was smaller.

Making Up the Parts Normally I am making up kits for a class, so I will get all the parts fabricated first. That way few toolsare needed to complete the project and it is safer for them not having to use saws or drills.

Straighten the bend in the straps with

a pliers.

The straps should look like this aᢴer 90 degree bends

have been removed.

http://ideas-inspire.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/11/HydrLine7middle.jpg

http://ideas-inspire.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/11/HydrLine8Leftt.jpg




Cut the furring strip to 8 ½” in length. Cut the 5/8” square stock to 11” in length.

Cut 1” from both ends of craᢴ stick,

the ends are used for building

gripper parts and the center is used

to connect syringe to pushrods.

Gripper pads are ¾” long cut from smaller craᢴ

stick material.

A “right triangle” is cut from scrap wood These are the wood parts needed before





http://ideas-inspire.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/11/HydrLine11Left1.jpg




that is at least ¼” thick. The long side is 1

½” long and shorter side is ¾” long.

drilling the holes. The small triangle piece can

be made from a scrap piece of ¼” wood.

Construction

Drill holes for bearing pieces on the boom, I drilled

both pieces together.

Bearing pieces aᢴer drilling the two

holes at once.

Drilling the two holes on boom to mount the

actuator (syringe). There is also a hole at the far

right that is

the pivot for this portion of the arm.

Drilling hole at end for gripper assembly,

this is drilled 90 degrees from the other

holes.







Hole for strap on the main support is close

to the edge so be especially careful when

drilling.

Larger holes on the ends are pivot point and

smaller holes in the middle is where pushrod

attaches.

The pushrods for the gripper section can be

made from paper clips that are straightened.

Bend the curves out with your fingers and

further straighten with a pliers.

One end of the pushrods will attach to the

wood by making two 90 degree bends in the

wire. Pictures shows the first bend, for this

bending a needle nose pliers is needed.







Make another bend a short

distance from the previous bend in

the opposite direction.

This is what the pushrod should look like, two will be

needed. I was going to use music wire which is stiᢴer

but it is also harder to bend.

Plastic tubing to be used at a bearing for the wire pushrod can be

cut from the tubing in a pen.

Putting it Together

It is at this point that the students would start assembling the parts



http://ideas-inspire.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/11/HydrLine17Middle.jpg



that had been fabricated.

Mounting the actuator to liᢴ the arm. I find it

easier to test the fit of all pieces before gluing

the wood wedge.

Actuator to liᢴ the boom is securely strapped

at the correct angle. I should have mounted

this slightly higher.

The straps need to be pulled over the syringe very tight

so that it does not shiᢴ when pressure is applied.

Using two nuts tightened against

each other should allow the nut to

the inside to have a small gap from

the wood and not come oᢴ.

The two thin pieces of wood need

to turn freely on the bolt.







To position the two craᢴ sticks that will be part

of

arm bearing make sure that the arm will come

down to where the actuator is almost pushed in.

Also make sure the arm can swing

upwards without the binding at the hinge

location.

There needs to be enough room inside

the joint so the arm can move up and

down.

Syringe actuator in extended position should

liᢴ arm above horizontal position.









I built the two halves of the gripper using Duco

cement so I used clothespin to hold parts

together while glue dries when possible.

The pads are added next, no real way to

clamp it but the Duco is sticky at the start

and tends to hold pieces together.

Note washer on the bolt at the pivot point

should help the wood parts move easier. Do

not tighten the head of the bolt down too

tight, the parts must be free to move easily.

Plastic tubes attach one end of the

pushrods to the syringe actuator.

The wood piece with plastic tubes is glued

to the end of the syringe actuator. Hot glue

holds fairly well or you can use small wood

screws to attach the wood to the end of the

syringe.

Bring the gripper plates together, pull the

actuator out to almost full extension, and insert

the pushrod ends with the 90 degree bends into

the small holes.







Bend the wire 90 degrees downward into

the plastic tubes.

Carefully bend the wire back so the pushrods do

not

fall out. I was going to use music wire which

would

have been stiᢴer but the paper clip material is

much easier to bend.

Mark the center of the base and glue the

upright portion of the arm to the base. I

used hot glue for this and held it for a

couple of minutes to make sure it was

hard.

Cut oᢴ two lengths of the plastic tubing

at least 12 inches long for each.







Push the tubing on the syringe where the

needle would normally attach. If the fit of

the tubing is too loose, stretch the

ends of the tubing while heating it

will shrink the tubing at the ends.

Too much heat is not good, just

enough to shrink the tube slightly for

a tighter fit on the syringe.

Actuator for gripper attached to boom. It

must be placed at the correct spot so amount

of travel is correct for the gripper.

1/8″ ID x 3/16″ OD Tubing Fits the Syringe Tight



http://ideas-inspire.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/11/eigthtubing.jpg



Either 3/16″ OD plastic or aluminum tubes

can

fit over the end of syringe to make a tight

connection with clear tubing if using 3/16″

ID tubing.

With the tubes on the end of the syringes the

clear tubing fits tight.

Attach one end of the other piece of tubing

to the lower syringe.

Attach the larger 12 cc syringes to the opposite

ends of the plastic tubing.

Filling the Cylinders

Part of the key to success with this project is getting as many of the air bubbles out of the lines aspossible. In automobile brake lines this is known as “bleeding the brakes”. I am not sure I have thebest procedure for this but I will give some suggestions.

Bring the actuator cylinder plunger down, pull the line oᢴ and pull in some water into the line withthe larger cylinder. Put the line back on the small cylinder and push water into it. When it is full, turn







the actuator cylinder upside down so the water does not drain out.

The next steps are to pull water into the large

syringe

and line, repeating this until the air bubbles are

gone.

No doubt it will take several strokes of pulling

water through and pushing some of it out until the

bubbles

are gone.

Small actuator cylinder with water to

top of syringe end when positioned

upside down.

I found that even aᢴer shrinking the ends of

the tubing, some people were pulling the

syringes oᢴ so I am taping the connections

aᢴer the line is full of water.

If glue is not holding the small piece of wood

to the end the syringe, two small wood

screws into the plastic should hold.







Now using large wood screw countersunk to

hold arm to base.

College for Kids class built 12 of this

project.

One addition that could be added is a way

to limit the upward travel as there is not

enough support for the plunger when it

pushes out to the extreme causing

arm to bind at the very top.

Syringe Hydraulic Arm was a Big Hit at my

Booth

for STEM Day at MN State Fair

Note: some of the hydraulic kits are on sale right now.





http://scienceguyorg.blogspot.com/2013/08/my-booth-at-stem-day-at-mn-state-fair.html



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Important inDynamics,Hydraulics,Hydrostatics,

Syringe Arms College for Kids 2014

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http://ideas-inspire.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/11/HdraulicCFK2014.jpg



Ram feature added to this arm.

Hydraulic Syringe Arm Unedited

http://ideas-inspire.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/11/HdraulicCFK2014Ram.jpg

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=V-rkgFKBj40



Ant Pushes Over Syringe Hydraulic Arm

Additional Experiments

I have been working on building a simulator to demonstrate Pascal’s Principle of fluids using syringesand plastic tubing.

“Pascal’s Principle states that when there is an increase in pressure at any point in a confined fluid,there is an equal increase at every other point in the container.”

What exactly does this mean in practice? For the simulator I used a large syringe that has a pistoncross section diameter of 34 mm and small syringe with cross section diameter of 13 mm. Like othermechanical systems there is a mechanical advantage where distance moved and force tradeoᢴ. Whenthe smaller piston is pushed with a force, that force is distributed equally across the larger pistoncross section causing a greater net force. For the fluid to be spread across the larger cross sectionmore fluid volume must be moved from the smaller cylinder.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AD1_lRoIF4I



For my first experiment I worked from the other direction and pushed the large cylinder a shortdistance of 8 mm which extended the small cylinder a much longer distance of around 60 mm until itcould not move any farther. I calculated this also which was oᢴ the first time but repeated trial provedthat calculated and observed were very close.

http://ideas-inspire.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/11/PascalLaw.jpg

http://ideas-inspire.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/11/SyringNoExtend.jpg



For calculations we need the formula for the area of a circle :

Area of Circle = π x radius²

Large Piston cross section area = 3.14 x (34/2)² = 907 sq mm

Small Piston cross section area = 3.14 x (13/2)² = 133 sq mm

Moving the large piston 8 mm will displace amount fluid = cross section x length of movement

Fluid Displaced = 907 sq mm x 8 mm = 7256 cu mm

The movement of the small cylinder should be the fluid displaced / cross section area of smallcylinder.

7256 / 133 = 54.6 mm movement of small cylinder

Actual movement was recorded at 60 mm or 6 centimeters. My calculations included somerounding errors and measurement of piston might not have been accurate.

I have not checked the amount of force generated but did check the amount required just tomove the opposite cylinder. Moving the small cylinder with the large cylinder took a largeamount of force, 1250 grams or around 12 newtons. This is like pushing down on the short end ofa lever. Pushing the small cylinder took very little force.

Air Powered Model Car

http://ideas-inspire.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/11/syringe45extend.jpg



I built the OWIKit Air Racer kit which uses compressed air to power the car much like how a steamengine functions. It is a rather diᢴicult kit to build with so many pieces and the tiny O-rings. Blogarticle on building OWIKit Air Powered Racer.

415

68 thoughts on “Syringe Hydraulic Arm”

asphalt 8hack

Fantastic web site. Lots of useful information here. I am sending it to several friends ans also sharing in delicious.

And obviously, thank you to your eᢴort!

March 26, 2014 at 4:30 pm

http://scienceguyorg.blogspot.com/2016/01/owikit-air-powered-racer.html

https://www.facebook.com/Asphalt8HackAsphalt8Cheats



Anonymous

Superb

February 20, 2015 at 11:45 am

Armaan

suprb!!!

April 21, 2014 at 6:25 am

love

The hydraulic crane is so fantastic but we need to do it in such a of moving as wellrotating clockwise or anticlockwise.

May 14, 2014 at 3:18 pm

Bill Kuhl

People have done a lot more complicated syringe arms that could pivot inmore directions, I was trying to keep it simple.

Bill Kuhl

May 14, 2014 at 3:40 pm

schalketrikot

I’ve been browsing online more than 3 hours today, yet I never found anyinteresting articles like yours. Personally, if all website owners and bloggers madegood content as you did, the web will be a lot more useful than ever before.|

May 16, 2014 at 1:11 pm

udesh garg

People have done a lot more complicated syringe arms that could pivot in moredirections, I was trying to keep it simple.

a very thanks to Bill Kuhl

June 23, 2014 at 1:50 am

http://crisi.de/dortmund-trikot-2014/



muskaan

nice

June 23, 2014 at 6:33 am

Shubhkarman Singh

Superb. I made with plastic toys

July 28, 2014 at 11:50 am

Shubhkarman Singh

Famtabolus idea. I made with plastic toys

July 28, 2014 at 11:51 am

palak patel

ur project is owsm ty for publishing it

August 12, 2014 at 1:14 pm

Niraj Mehta

i am also make same syringe hydraulic crane. watch video : http://youtu.be/ysBgNp-rz_A

August 18, 2014 at 2:56 am

Very nice Niraj. Your unit is much more advanced than my simple one.

August 18, 2014 at 7:35 am

http://avcare.com/

http://avcare.com/

http://ideas-inspire.com/

http://robostorebaroda.blogspot.in/

http://youtu.be/ysBgNp-rz_A



Bill Kuhl Bill Kuhl

Niraj mehta

thank you very much sir. yeah but the basic principle of syringe mechanism is same i am recent upload this new video must watch :http://youtu.be/IFKjYvZWbrw

August 19, 2014 at 9:57 am

Bill Kuhl

Wow the parking system model you have created is amazing, myknowledge of electronics is not very extensive.

Bill Kuhl

August 19, 2014 at 11:24 am

Anonymous

this is very cool!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

December 4, 2015 at 1:52 pm

Anonymous

Cool as

August 26, 2014 at 3:42 am

Anonymous

Cool as

September 13, 2014 at 10:35 pm


http://robostorebaroda.blogspot.in/

http://youtu.be/IFKjYvZWbrw



Pausdgh

good

Anonymous

Super ek dam fentastic ideas


nandkishorpatil

thanks bro

September 19, 2014 at 8:01 am

V. Udhayakumar

May I know how much amount of milli gram weight does it liᢴ with your syringes……….

October 23, 2014 at 9:53 am

Bill Kuhl

The syringes I used do not have a large diᢴerence in the diameter of the pistonso there is not much of a mechanical advantage. The arm is not designed supersturdy so I would not try liᢴing too much weight with it.


eduardo

Excellent!!! this is my next project in my school.

November 14, 2014 at 11:50 am



murtuza

excellent to understand and given step-by-step.


anjali

It’s a nice device but very hard to make!!!!!


Bill Kuhl

I tried to design this so that the wood used needed only a straight cut across. Itwould be best to use a drill press to get the holes straight. The wire pushrodsneed to be adjusted properly to get it close together properly.

Bill Kuhl

December 1, 2014 at 8:21 am

someone

I love it! It is the coolest thing ever. I was trying to do another hydraulic arm andyou inspired me! Well done!!!!!!!!!

December 9, 2014 at 5:41 pm

Anonymous

how do you control the handles with syringes???


Bill Kuhl

You grab the end of the syringe and either push it in or pull it out. One syringeraises or lowers the arm, the other one closes or opens the grabber part.




harshita

Its an awesome idea. I am working on it … Thanks for such a great idea.

January 6, 2015 at 11:21 am

harshita

Im still confused.. How to fill the water in the syringe?


Bill Kuhl

The syringe has to be pushed in as far as possible with tubing connected. Putthe other end in water and slowly pull back on syringe which should pull thewater back. Try to block the end and then attach it to other syringe that is inthe arm structure. Try to get as little air in the line as possible. Normally youneed a few tries at this and pushing the air out.

January 6, 2015 at 12:39 pm

Bill Kuhl

Also I didn’t mention the water will be in a cup or a bowl. This is where theend of the tubing goes into and you suck it out from.


harshita

Ohh great … Thanks a lot , got it..!!


Aniket

Just one word to say awesome




Bill Kuhl

Thanks, it would be nice if I had actual plans drawn but by following the stepsand pictures plans are not really needed. This design uses pretty inexpensivematerials and the wood cutting is straight cuts.

Bill

January 15, 2015 at 10:00 am

Anonymous

bravo fantastic buhat bakwaas laanet hai tujh pae


Anonymous

its an awesome project and also self explanitory


soumyasaswati

this is really cool


Rohit

very good representation ,simple and understandable. thanks a lot…………….

March 1, 2015 at 3:40 am

lijo

V good. Thanks for the information. The 3rd picture aᢴer heading “aditionalexperiment” The unit u wrote 9cm but the actual I feel is 9mm

March 5, 2015 at 2:05 am



Bill Kuhl

I had the wrong picture, it has been replaced. Thank you!

March 5, 2015 at 9:02 am

Anonymous

This page was very informational. My Pre-engineering class doing a project similarto this. I found this page while doing research for it. We will be making roboticarms for a battle ball competition using a magnet and magnetic balls.

March 19, 2015 at 11:51 am

Tania

How do you manage to get all the air out of the syringe?

April 18, 2015 at 3:59 pm

Bill Kuhl

That is a good question I never seem to get it all out. I pull the water throughand push the water very slowly until it is just about ready to push out end andthen try to connect. Sometimes try this several times.

April 18, 2015 at 5:04 pm

HARIBOSS

cool

May 21, 2015 at 10:27 am

akhila

good one, i liked it.

May 24, 2015 at 12:15 am



S.K.Tripathi

i would like to know in details of this device is it can work just like hand such asliᢴing,pushing,And what is the cost of this device.

July 23, 2015 at 11:31 pm

Bill Kuhl

Building a device like a hand would need many more movable joints, my deviceonly has two. The cost in building my project is pretty low the major expense isthe syringes which are normally found in packs of three. The wood used ischeap as well, my guess in building several of the projects the cost per device isa couple dollars.

July 24, 2015 at 8:16 am

Anonymous

Its superb

July 26, 2015 at 8:25 am

GauravChitte

Its very good

September 23, 2015 at 11:36 am

kuriadavidm

fantastic,i like it,am also completing my project,I think on hydraulic fluid it wouldbe better to use brake fluid rather than just water.keep it up


kunal arora

amazing


http://null/



Anonymous

good


sam

Can we use anothr liquid instead of water…

November 6, 2015 at 7:35 pm

Bill Kuhl

I have only tried adding food coloring to water so it was easier to see. No doubtother liquids would work.


sam

Thnk u bill throuh your idea iam selectd for state level science exibition


lipsa dash

its rly very helpful….thakxxxx


Dr. Proctor

TThanks! I just came across this site and it answers so many questions for me. Ihave just returned to the classroom aᢴer about 15 years in administration. TheEngineering/Technology lab that I have taken over is soooo out of date. Books andcomputers are over 16 years old. The module equipment is about the same ageand have never been used/installed in the lab.




So I have been struggling to find info about the topics I need to teach. This site hashelped so very much. Again, thanks for the great info!!

Bill Kuhl

Thank you so much for your comments.


Rahul

Sir Can u provide this in pdf form plz…its very helpful for me…


Bill Kuhl

I added a link at the top of the article to download the PDF. Formatting isn’tperfect but I did take the advertising out.

Bill

February 8, 2016 at 1:04 pm

dude

this was helpful


Anonymous

this was a wonderful idea well done looks nice will make this and looks hard

February 21, 2016 at 1:15 pm

May 8, 2016 at 1:18 am



SOURAV

most amazing thing in the world, even more amazing than the spider-man!!!

gopi krishna

Can i know how to find pressure in the syringe..and how much weight it can liᢴ..plzhelp me with these calculations bro..

May 10, 2016 at 10:27 pm

Bill Kuhl

I think an example for a 1″ diameter cylinder would work like this:

Hypothetical 1” diameter cylinder with 10 pounds of force acting down on it. Whatpsi does this create and what would the force upward be created with an identical1” diameter cylinder connected to the first cylinder? Need the area of the piston using Area of a Circle = π x radius² 3.14 x .5² = .785square inch Figuring PSI 10 pounds x (1 square inch / .785 square inch) = 10 x 1.274 = 12.74 psi

Force = Pressure x Area = 12.74 psi X .785 sq in = 10 pounds of force

May 11, 2016 at 1:47 pm

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