ideas that shaped darwin’s theory of evolution. 1) the influence of geology charles lyell...
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1) The influence of Geology
Charles Lyell demonstrated that the Earth was very old and that it changed over time
Darwin thought that if the earth could change, so could life on earth
2) The influence of Farmers: Artificial Selection
Artificial Selection = technique in which the intervention of HUMANS allows only selected organisms to exist
Meet the Super Cow
2) The influence of Farmers: Artificial Selection
Farmer altered and improved crops and livestock through breeding programs (eg. High yielding diary cows)
Darwin thought that if farmers could artificially select organisms, then nature (without human intervention), maybe also select organisms best suited to the environment to survive and reproduce
3) The Influence of Thomas Malthus (1766-1834): Population Controls Malthus observed that babies were being born
at a faster rate than people were dying, and that sooner or later there wouldn’t be enough living space and food
3) The Influence of Thomas Malthus (1766-1834): Population Controls To prevent endless population growth, famine,
disease and war would need to occur Darwin knew that animals produced many
offspring, but few survived; he thought that nature must determine that only some individuals survive and reproduce
Evolution of Natural Selection (Darwin) Natural Selection = process in nature that results
the most fit organisms producing offspring
It is believed that natural selection operates similar to artificial selection but over longer periods of time and without any controls or purpose
Individuals whose characteristics are well suited to their environment survive, individuals whose characteristics are not well suited to their environment either die or leave fewer offspring. Darwin called this “SURVIVAL OF THE FITTEST”
Raptors
Ice age
Natural Selection in Peppered moths Light colored moths were most common before
the industrial revolution in England. After trunks of tress had been stained by pollution, the dark colored moths became more common
Peppered Moths and Industrial Melanism The second half of the twentieth century
saw widespread implementation of pollution controls, thus trends reversed and light colored moths again dominated.
pollution created generally darker environment Clean up created a generally lighter environment
We may also call this ACCIDENTAL SELECTION which is the result of human activity which changes the genetic character of organisms. Another example is bacteria that are resistant to antibiotics.
Peppered Moths video