Identification of needed competences

Socio-economic development in the era of renewable energies: Towards the creation of a research institution for the MENA region based on DESERTEC

conceptTunis, 3-4 September 2012

RE motivations• Enhance energy security• Reduce carbon dioxide emissions• Reduce energy price volatility• Improve energy access• Technology development• Job creation (development of manufacturing industry)

• Policy to promote job creation• Support for the acquisition of the necessary skills

Data

In 2010 3.5 Millions positions (REN21)Of these Jobs:

630 000 Wind Industry 350 000 Solar PV industry 1.5 Millions: Biofuel

Location Majority in: China, Brazil (Ethanol), Germany, India, USA, Denmark

RE are more labor-intensive than fossil fuel technologies, with PV technologies accounting for the highest number of Job-Years per GWh over the lifetime of the facility

Job.Years/ GWh• Solar PV: 0.85• Small Hydro: 0.27• Geothermal: 0.25• Solar thermal: 0.22• Biomass: 0.21• Wind: 0.19• Nuclear: 0.18• Natural Gas: 0.11 / 0.12

Job nature• Jobs related to fuel free technologies

(Large scale RE Electricity, Domestic and industrial applications of RE)

Installation and /or Plant construction Manufacturing Administration / Management Project design Operation and Maintenance Decommissioning

• Jobs related to fuel based technologies(biofuel for transport industries)

Feedstock Production of Biofuel Distribution of Biofuel

Job classification• Direct Jobs

Feedstock conversion Manufacturing Project development (including site preparation and installation) Operation and Maintenance

• Indirect Jobs Supplying the RE industry Industrial input sectors in the production, operation and

Maintenance Positions in Government Regulatory Body Consultancy firms Research organizations

• Induced JobsCreated when wealth is generated, spent elsewhere in the economy (Expl. Stimulating consumption / Tourism …)

Fields of activity• Feedstock production• Local / Export Industries• Project development• Installation• Operation and Maintenance• Decommissioning

Fuel free technology

The case of PV industry

• Engineers• Technicians

• Engineers• technicians

• Project development analyst

• Wholesaler• Solar PV system

designer• Construction

workers• Meteorologists

• Technicians• Maintenance

staff

• Construction workers

• Material recyclers

Processing of Raw Material

Manufacture of Cells and Modules

Installation / Plant construction

Operation & Maintenance Decommissioning

Fuel based technology• Biomass based electricity generation• Liquid biofuel for transport

Feed stock production Refinement of ethanol and Transesterification of biodiesel

Biofuel distribution

• Agriculture Jobs (farmers, seasonal labor)

• Collection of residues and their pretreatment

• Engineers• Chemists• Machine Operators• (depending on fuel,

Technology used)

• Logistic officers• Machine Operators

Skills• In Germany:

RE: 82% have vocational training 40% university degree Whole Industry: 70% have vocational training 10% University

degree

• High Skills: Engineering Meteorology Project Development R & D

• Unskilled: Installation / Construction Indirect Jobs: Transport / Administration Collection of fuel feedstock (farmers / Seasonal Labors)

Skills• Similar to those needed in the conventional work force• Specific to certain RE technologies• Appropriate training• Education policy

How to promote employment benefits of RE• Stable deployment policy• Financial support for RE Technology• Carbon dioxide pricing & Elimination of subsidies for conventional power

generation• Provision of financial support

• Labor market policy• Implement training programs:

intensive vocational tailor made Courses directed towards specific needs of employers

• Policies for Education and Training Education delivered at the level of companies:

New vocational training programs on RE Adjustment of existing programs

Formal education sector: Introducing new programs (degrees in RE) Adjusting those already existing programs by adding modules related to RE

• Industrial Policy• Policy aimed at deployment• Increase industry ability to compete in national and International Market

Target group• The programs developed need to extent beyond the workforce in

the direct manufacturer and installation and also addresses employers and supporting institutions:• Government agencies• Ministries• Financial institutions• Other business services / private sector

• Both vocational and formal education must provide• Specialized education & Trainings for RE Industry• Broader education requirements in Engineering & Management

The competitiveness of a domestic industry depend on the availability and skills of the labor force and measures to ensure this.

Which subjects for training?• Energy Geopolitics• Energy market / Price making• Energy strategy / Optimization of energy systems• Energy Policy• Investment choices• Financing tools for RE projects• Available Resources (solar / Wind/ Biomass …)• Site assessment• Thermal power plants• Physics of solar collectors• Energy conversion• Energy storage• Operation & Maintenance• Electric Power transmission• Economic aspects• Social & Strategic aspects

Beyond the DESERTEC concept

• Energy saving in dwellings / ecobuildings• Energy conversion and management for domestic applications• Energy conversion for Industrial applications• Energy conversion for Agriculture and in rural area• Energy efficiency

Thank you for your kind attention