identification of prokaryotic communities in anoxic … · 2013. 7. 15. · andrews, john negrey,...
TRANSCRIPT
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IDENTIFICATION OF PROKARYOTIC COMMUNITIES IN ANOXIC ESTUARINE SEDIMENT BASED ON 16S rRNA GENE
SEQUENCE DATA
William Berkeley KauffmanChemical Oceanography Laboratory
The Moss Landing Marine Laboratories
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THE BLACK BOX
Residence Time(d) Reservoir (g)
Flux (g/d)
Input
Input
Output
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www-rohan.sdsu.edu
Eukaryota
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www-rohan.sdsu.edu
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Metabolic Plasticity
upload.wikimedia.org
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EukaryotesProkaryotes
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www.esf.edu
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Goals
• Identify geochemical gradients in Hudson’s Landing sediments using multiple proxies
• Identify members of the prokaryotic consortia along these gradients using molecular methods
• Address the hypothesis that prokaryotes are distributed across these gradients in a regular and predictable manner
• Discuss implications for managed estuaries
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Hydrogen Sulfide Bubbles
Tubeworm Burrow
SEDIMENT SURFACE
Tubeworm
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Oxidation-Reduction Potential and pH
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Carbon Data
POC:N Positively Correlated With C:N
POC/N Negatively Correlated with C:N
Increasing Dissolved Recalcitrant Material With Depth
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20
Carbon:Nitrogen
Green Bar- C:N characteristic of allochthonous carbon (external carbon sources)
Blue Bar- C:N characteristic of autochthonous carbon (algae)
6.6
Redfield Ratio
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2.6cm
Chaetoceros
Isthmia
CellulosicMaterial Minerals
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126 cm
Navicula
Navicula
Cymbella
Peat?
Cocconeis
Rhabdonema
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DGGE Results
A. Raw ImageB. All Bands
HighlightedC. Excised
Bands Highlighted
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SEDIMENT COLUMN
Sulfate Reducers
Sulfide Oxidizers
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SEDIMENT COLUMN
Methanogens
Methanotrophs
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Fermenters Reduce H+
Methanogens Oxidize H2 (g)
SEDIMENT COLUMN
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The Shift
• Proteobacteria dominate surface
• Degradation of macromolecules
• Denitrifying bacteria
• Metal Reducers• Sulfate Reduction• Sulfide Oxidation• Methanogenesis/
Methanotrophy
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The Shift
• Fermenters dominate the deep
• Increased degradation of recalcitrant organics
• Sulfate Reduction• Sulfide Oxidation• Methanogenesis/
Methanotrophy
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Estuarine Management
• Syntrophic relationships not typically considered
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Estuarine Management
• Syntrophic relationships not typically considered• At Hudson’s Landing, any change resulting in anoxic
bottom conditions will effect nitrification rates
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Estuarine Management
• Syntrophic relationships not typically considered• At Hudson’s Landing, any change resulting in anoxic
bottom conditions will effect nitrification rates• Methanotrophic bacteria and archaea limit release of
methane (greenhouse gas) to the atmosphere
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Estuarine Management
• Syntrophic relationships not typically considered• At Hudson’s Landing, any change resulting in anoxic
bottom conditions will effect nitrification rates• Methanotrophic bacteria and archaea limit release of
methane (greenhouse gas) to the atmosphere• Sulfide oxidizing prokaryotes limit flux of toxic hydrogen
sulfide into water column
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Estuarine Management
• Syntrophic relationships not typically considered• At Hudson’s Landing, any change resulting in anoxic
bottom conditions will effect nitrification rates• Methanotrophic bacteria and archaea limit release of
methane (greenhouse gas) to the atmosphere• Sulfide oxidizing prokaryotes limit flux of toxic hydrogen
sulfide into water column• Mercury methylation tied to iron/ sulfate reducing
communities (Kerin et al. 2006)
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Estuarine Management
• Syntrophic relationships not typically considered• At Hudson’s Landing, any change resulting in anoxic
bottom conditions will effect nitrification rates• Methanotrophic bacteria and archaea limit release of
methane (greenhouse gas) to the atmosphere• Sulfide oxidizing prokaryotes limit flux of toxic hydrogen
sulfide into water column• Mercury methylation tied to iron/ sulfate reducing
communities (Kerin et al. 2006)• Management plans should consider microbial consortia
in an effort to maximize beneficial processes while minimizing those that are detrimental
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THE END
Thank You- Any Questions?
Funding Sources:Harvey Research Fellowship- San Jose State University
Dr Earl H. Myers and Ethel M. Myers Oceanographic/Marine Biology Grant
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS• Committee- Kenneth Coale,
Sabine Rech, Ivano Aiello, Jeff Hughey
• Personal- Deborah Coffin, Rebecca and Kyhber, Danny, Lorie, Temple,
• Chem Oce/ Trace Metals- Sara Tanner, Craig Hunter, Jason Smith, Liz Sassone, Jocelyn Douglas, Wes Heim, Allan Andrews, John Negrey, Adam Newman
• I.T. Department• Environmental Microbiology Lab
@ SJSU- Elaine Bryant, Paula Mattheus, Cleber Ouverney
• Small Boats- JD, Scott Hansen, Lee Bradford
• Research Help- Jon Walsh, Max OC, Cassandra Brooks, Liz Sassone, Brent Hughes, John Haskins, Paul Chua, Rhea Sanders, Brian Bender, Brian Deiter
• Geo Oce, Benthic Lab, Invert Zoology
• Classes-Geo Oce (Ivano), ChemOce (Kenneth), Stats (Jim), Molecular methods (Jon), Methods (Jim and Mike)
• Facilities, etc.- Joan Parker and library staff, May Deluna, Ashley Vizurraga, John Machado, Donna Kline, Barry Giles, Gary Adams, Lynn McMasters, James, Billy, and Ralph (crawfish cooker!)