Identify the three basic phases of matter

What are the 3 primary phases of matter?Solid, liquid, gas

What is the fourth phase?Plasma?

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What is a solid?

Definition:

has definite shape and volume

Name some examples of solids!

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What is a liquid? Definition:

•has definite volume, but not shape

•takes the shape of its container

•Name some examples of liquids!

What is a gas?

A gas has NEITHER definite volume, nor definite shape. Its volume depends on its container, if it has one AND if the container is closed!

Example: What happen to the helium in a balloon after it bursts?

•Name some examples of gases!

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What is solid water made up of? Molecules of Hydrogen & Oxygen

What is liquid water made up of?Molecules of Hydrogen & Oxygen

What is water gas made up of?Molecules of Hydrogen & Oxygen

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QUESTION:If a solid, and a liquid, and a gas are all made up of the same Molecules …then how do we get different phases of matter?It depends on the energy the molecules contain in each phase!

Note: Holt O/H #206

Solid liquid gas

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SOLIDS:

have less energy

particles vibrate --- are very close together

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What is a solid? IN a solid, the particles of matter are tightly packed together.

The particles cannot change position easily.

The particles only vibrate back and forth in the same position.

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LIQUIDS:

have a little more energy

particles vibrate more --- therefore substance does not have a definite shape

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What is a liquid?

Liquids are able to change shape, because the particles of the liquid are not in fixed positions.

The particles vibrate more than the particles of a solid.

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GAS:

have the most energy

particles vibrate a lot --- therefore substance has no definite shape and no definite volume

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GAS:

the more energy (heat), the more it vibrates, the more it spreads apart

What is a gas?

Definition:

The particles of a gas are in constant motion.

The particles of a gas are much further spread apart than in a solid or a liquid

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The energy of a molecule:

Is also called its kinetic energy.

Which type of molecule has the most kinetic energy? (solid, liquid, or gas)

Which type of molecule has the least kinetic energy?

skip

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What happens when you add heat energy to a solid?

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What happens to the molecules of the solid?

How would you describe its kinetic energy?

What happens when you add heat energy to a solid?

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What happens when you add heat energy to a liquid?

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What happens to the molecules of the liquid?

How would you describe its change in kinetic energy?

What happens when you add heat energy to a liquid?

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What happens if you remove the energy from the liquid?

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The liquid turns to a solid.

The kinetic energy slows down

The particles get closer together

Can you really do that?

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What happens if you remove the energy from the gas?

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The gas turns into a liquid

How would you describe the change in Kinetic Energy?

How would you describe the change in vibration of the molecules?

Summary:

Answer the Summary Questions

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1) How does temperature affect the volume of a gas?

• As temperature

• Volum e

• Pressure

• Size of balloon

In a balloon, the particles of gas strike the walls more often because they move faster so the pressure increases making the balloon larger

2) What is Kinetic Energy?

• Energy in the form of motion.

Ex: a sprinting runner, a moving wheel or fast moving particles that are too small to see

3) What is the kinetic theory of matter?

• Explains how particles behave in matter:– Matter made of small particles (atoms,

molecules & ions)– Particles are in constant random motion– Particles collide with each other and the walls

of their container

4) What allows gas to fill its container and take the container’s

shape?

They have enough kinetic energy to overcome attractive forces and spread apart.

5) Why do liquids flow?

• The extra kinetic energy found in liquids overcomes some of the attraction to other particles so they can slide and change shape.

6) What happens to a liquid when you add energy to it?

• If enough energy is added to overcome attractive forces, the liquid boils. That energy is called Heat of Vaporization.

7) How are kinetic energy and temperature related?

• Temperature is the average kinetic energy of the molecules of a substance.

8) What happens to a solid when you add energy to it?

• If you reach the melting point you added enough kinetic energy to overcome attractive forces holding particles in an orderly arrangement.

• That energy is called the heat of fusion.