identifying snow with daytime rgb satellite...
TRANSCRIPT
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Identifying Snow with Daytime RGB
Satellite Products
Bernie Connell
Cooperative Institute for Research in the Atmosphere
Colorado State University
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How can snow be determined from
day-time multispectral imagery?
AND
How many different RGB combinations
are available?
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Why are there different techniques?
• Purpose of product:
– To discriminate snow
– To distinguish something else (ie clouds); snow
was a (bonus) bi-product
• Not an easy solution:
– Different developers, different ideas, different
visual capabilities
• Algorithm mask for input to models or GFE VS.
contextual visualization
• Different sensors, different channels available
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Which one(s) have you seen?
Polar Orbiting (MODIS and VIIRS) based
• CIRA / Naval Research Laboratory (NRL)
Cloud Layers & Snow Cover Discriminator
• SPoRT / NASA Rapid Response / CIMSS
False Color Snow
• CIMSS / NASA Rapid Response
False Color (similar to EU Natural Color)
GOES and SEVERI based
• CIRA – Snow / Cloud Discriminator
• EUMETSAT – Natural Color
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Notes…
• RGB imagery is being promoted by the
GOES-R and JPSS Proving Grounds to
help interpret multi-channel information
• The presenter does not know of an
"officially designated" snow RGB
• RGB imagery cannot currently be created
in AWIPS I
• Creation of RGB imagery in AWIPS II is a
goal
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How are they similar?
• They all use at least one visible or near IR
channel in which snow is highly reflective
(0.4, 0.6, or 0.8 µm)
• They all use at least one channel in which
snow is highly absorptive (ie not reflective).
– MODIS, VIIRS, and SEVIRI products use a near-
infrared band (either 1.6 or 2.1 µm)
– GOES uses the short wave infrared band (3.9
µm)
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VIS to Near IR refl for snow, grass, and soil
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VIS to Near IR refl. for ocean, ice, and water cloud
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SPoRT Flase Color Snow 0.469 µm
0.645 µm
0.858 µm
1.375 µm
1.64 µm 2.13 µm
3.97 µm
6.72 µm
11.0 µm
SPoRT /NASA RR /CIMSS False Color Snow
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CIMSS/NASA false color 0.469 µm
0.645 µm
0.858 µm
1.375 µm
1.64 µm 2.13 µm
6.72 µm
11.0 µm
CIMSS /NASA RR False Color
3.97 µm
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CIRA GOES Cloud and Snow 0.469 µm
0.645 µm
0.858 µm
1.375 µm
1.64 µm 2.13 µm
6.72 µm
11.0 µm
CIRA GOES based Cloud and Snow
3.97 µm
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CIRA/NRL Cloud layers and Snow 0.469 µm
0.645 µm
0.858 µm
1.375 µm
1.64 µm 2.13 µm
6.72 µm
11.0 µm
CIRA / NRL MODIS based Cloud Layers and Snow
3.97 µm
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Lrg ex SPoRT Flase Color Snow snow
ground
low clouds
high clouds
high clouds
snow (under high
thin clouds)
SPo
RT
/NA
SA R
R /
CIM
SS
Fals
e C
olo
r Sn
ow
R
: 0.4
6 µ
m, G
: 1.6
µm
, B: 2
.1 µ
m
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Lrg ex CIMSS/NASA false color snow
ground
low clouds
high clouds
high clouds
snow (under high
thin clouds)
CIM
SS /
NA
SA R
R M
OD
IS b
ase
d
Fa
lse
Co
lor
R
: 2.1
3 µ
m, G
: 0.8
6 µ
m, B
: 065 µ
m
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Lrg ex CIRA GOES Cloud and Snow snow
ground
low clouds
high clouds
high clouds
snow (under high
thin clouds)
CIR
A G
OES
bas
ed
Clo
ud
an
d S
no
w
R: V
IS a
lbed
o, G
: 3.9
µm
alb
edo
, B: 1
0.7
µm
BT
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Lrg ex CIRA/NRL Cloud layers and
Snow snow
ground
low clouds
high clouds
high clouds
snow (under high
thin clouds)
CIR
A /
NR
L M
OD
IS b
ase
d C
lou
d L
aye
rs a
nd
Sn
ow
Mu
ltichann
el c
om
bin
atio
ns o
f 0.6
5, 1
.38
, 1.6
4, 6
.72
, 11.0
µm
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Feedback?
• Both positive and negative is welcome.
• Some points to keep in mind:
– Does the product provide enough contrast to
distinguish snow from other features?
• Are some colors better than others (ie because of
colorblindness)
– Is the product consistent?
• Does it work the same when the snow cover is
deep, shallow, very cold, or near melting?
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Complementary material and links to imagery
COMET module: RGB Products Explained https://www.meted.ucar.edu/training_module.php?id=568 Imagery and brief descriptions: CIRA GOES-R Product List (select ‘MODIS Cloud Layers & Snow Cover Discriminator’ AND ‘GOES Snow/Cloud Discriminator’) http://rammb.cira.colostate.edu/research/goes-r/proving_ground/cira_product_list/
SPoRT – MODIS CONUSA Snow/Cloud http://wwwghcc.msfc.nasa.gov/cgi-bin/sportPublishData.pl?dataset=modisconusa&product=conusa_snowcloud
SPoRT – VIIRS CONUSA Snow/Cloud http://wwwghcc.msfc.nasa.gov/cgi-bin/sportPublishData.pl?dataset=viirsconusa&product=conusa_snowcloud
Rapid Response Near Real Time MODIS images: http://lance-modis.eosdis.nasa.gov/cgi-bin/imagery/realtime.cgi
MODIS Today – CIMSS/SSEC (select False Color) http://ge.ssec.wisc.edu/modis-today/index.php
EUMETSAT Image Gallery http://www.eumetsat.int/Home/Main/Image_Gallery/index.htm?l=en
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Individual Channels
With features identified
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Lrg ex 0.469 µm
0.469 µm
snow
ground
low clouds
high clouds
high clouds
snow (under high
thin clouds)
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Lrg ex 0.645 µm
0.645 µm
snow
ground
low clouds
high clouds
high clouds
snow (under high
thin clouds)
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Lrg ex 0.858 µm
0.858 µm
snow
ground
low clouds
high clouds
high clouds
snow (under high
thin clouds)
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Lrg ex 1.375 µm
1.375 µm
snow (under high
thin clouds)
snow
ground
low clouds
high clouds
high clouds
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Lrg ex 1.64 µm
1.64 µm
snow
ground
low clouds
high clouds
high clouds
snow (under high
thin clouds)
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Lrg ex 2.13 µm
2.13 µm
snow
ground
low clouds
high clouds
high clouds
snow (under high
thin clouds)
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Lrg ex 3.97 µm IR color table
3.97 µm
snow
ground
low clouds
high clouds
high clouds
snow (under high
thin clouds)
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Lrg ex 6.72 µm
6.72 µm
snow
ground
low clouds
high clouds
high clouds
snow (under high
thin clouds)
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Lrg ex 11.0 µm
11.0 µm
snow
ground
low clouds
high clouds
high clouds
snow (under high
thin clouds)