ieee 1547.4 guideline for intentional islanding of distributed...
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Montreal 2006 – Symposium on MicrogridsJune 23, 06 CanadaRessources naturelles
CanadaNatural ResourcesCanada
IEEE 1547.4 Guideline for Intentional Islanding of Distributed Generation and BC Hydro’s
Planned Islanding Experience
Chad Abbey1 Susan Tang2
1 – Natural Resources Canada - CETC-Varennes2 – BC Hydro
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2Montreal 2006 – Symposium on MicrogridsJune 23, 06
Ressources naturellesCanada
Natural ResourcesCanada Canada
Overview
Canadian microgrid researchIEEE 1547.4
HistoryDocument overviewTechnical issues
BC Hydro planned islandingIslanding strategyBoston Bar case study
Summary
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3Montreal 2006 – Symposium on MicrogridsJune 23, 06
Ressources naturellesCanada
Natural ResourcesCanada Canada
General
HistoryIEEE 1547.x series – IEEE 1547.4Meetings: biannual meetings since August 2004.Structure of document definedContent is being integrated
Next MeetingAug. 2006 – Las Vegas
Project end dateGuide scheduled to be balloted and approved by December 2007
Chair: Ben Kroposki, National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL)
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4Montreal 2006 – Symposium on MicrogridsJune 23, 06
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Natural ResourcesCanada Canada
Document content
1) Overview2) References3) Definitions and Acronyms4) Electrical System Characteristics5) Functionality of the DR Island System6) Design and Integration of DR Island Systems7) Operation and Management of DR Island Systems
AppendicesBibliographyCase studiesShort circuit calculations
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5Montreal 2006 – Symposium on MicrogridsJune 23, 06
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DR island functionality
EPS connected mode (normal parallel operation)Transition modeIsland mode
Load and generation managementVoltage and frequency controlDR controlStability – steady-state dynamic stabilityProtection issues – coordination, out-of phase reclosing, configuration Cold load pickupMonitoring and communication
Reconnection mode
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6Montreal 2006 – Symposium on MicrogridsJune 23, 06
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Design and integration
TypesEngineering considerationsEPS planning
Studies – compatibility, load flow, short circuit studiesOperating practicesInterferance of parallel operation settings – anti-islanding, under / over frequency and voltage
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7Montreal 2006 – Symposium on MicrogridsJune 23, 06
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Operation and Management
Power dispatchCentral dispatch controlDistributed dispatch
Communication and information exchangeReal time operation considerationsTime length of operation
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8Montreal 2006 – Symposium on MicrogridsJune 23, 06
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Natural ResourcesCanada Canada
DR islands
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9Montreal 2006 – Symposium on MicrogridsJune 23, 06
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Design process
ImplementationDR Island Planning
Design and IntegrationType(s) of island(s)Engineering considerationsEPS planning
Low flow, ProtectionOperating practicesDR settings
Operation and ManagementPower dispatchCommunication and data
exchangeReal-time operationDuration of island
DR Island FunctionalityParallel operationTransitionIsland mode
types, strategyReconnection mode
ApprovalReview and validation Commissioning In-service
Revisit design:Retrofitting Upgrades Planning
yes
revisions required
revisions required
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10Montreal 2006 – Symposium on MicrogridsJune 23, 06
Ressources naturellesCanada
Natural ResourcesCanada Canada
BC Hydro – planned islanding
Reliability concernD customer reliability was below customer expectationsIf a power generator (PG) islands BCH loads on same or nearby feeder – reliability improvement
Transmission supply is unsecure – single radial supplyFeeder is long and subject to frequent outages – trees, storms, motor vehicles
Islanding studyInadvertent islanding & planned islanding of BCH customer loadthe island is all or part of a distribution feederthe island excludes the distribution substation LV bus and the substation transmission supply
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11Montreal 2006 – Symposium on MicrogridsJune 23, 06
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Islanding study
Existing PG Interconnection RequirementsReview existing BCH PG Interconnection Requirements for treatment of inadvertent islanding
System ReliabilityDetermine criteria for reliability impact under inadvertent islanding, planned islanding, future planned islanding
Power QualityDefine PQ considerations for frequency & V variations, lowfault levels, harmonics, etc
BC Hydro System RequirementsDefine requirements on BCH side for PG planned islanding, e.g. telecom, P&C, with incremental costs
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12Montreal 2006 – Symposium on MicrogridsJune 23, 06
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Natural ResourcesCanada Canada
Islanding study
Power Generator System Requirementsprime mover & generatorexciter, governor & AVRgenerator lag/lead power factor ratingload follow capabilityprotection & coordination requirementsblack start capabilityCommissioning tests for V & frequency performance in grid connect, island and dead-load pickupcosts for added requirements
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13Montreal 2006 – Symposium on MicrogridsJune 23, 06
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Islanding study
Operation and Safety Define Area Control Centre & line crew requirements for islanding operation, e.g.Added PG monitoring at Area Control CentreLine crew trainingLocal Operating OrderSafety issues for line crews, tree trimmers & substation personnel
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14Montreal 2006 – Symposium on MicrogridsJune 23, 06
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Natural ResourcesCanada Canada
Islanding study
Commercial Define commercial terms/conditions & economic principles for PG planned islanding
Economic Analysis of Investment AlternativesPerform cost comparisons on 3 cases:
short outage on urban distribution feedershort outage on rural distribution feederlong outage on rural distribution feeder
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15Montreal 2006 – Symposium on MicrogridsJune 23, 06
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Natural ResourcesCanada Canada
Case study - Boston Bar Hydro
Run-of-river hydro - April 1995200 km NE of Vancouver25 kV feeder 3.0 MVA peak load
Generators:2 x 3.45 MW (8.6 MVA)4.16 kVIPP remote operator
Agreement with IPP$44/MWh in 1995Bonus for islanding
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16Montreal 2006 – Symposium on MicrogridsJune 23, 06
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System configuration
L
L L
L
Step-down tx
Substation feeds
open for substation
island
BusCircuits
open for substation bus island
open for circuit island
open for lateral island
open for facility island
N.O. (closed for
adjacent feeder island)
Adjacentcircuit
N.C.
N.C.
N.C.
L
L L
L
Step-down tx
Substation feeds
open for substation
island
BusCircuits
open for substation bus island
open for circuit island
N.C.
N.C.
N.C.
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17Montreal 2006 – Symposium on MicrogridsJune 23, 06
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Natural ResourcesCanada Canada
Lessons learned
PGs of interest for feeder planned islanding are likely:
rated 3-10 MVAnew sitesMVA rated > 2x peak load - to hold load on opening of substn feeder CB & for dead-load pickup IPP
Retrofitting IPPs - not likely economicSpending $ to rehabilitate an existing IPP during a BCH supply emergency is fruitless
(Valemount 138 kV line burned down in Aug 2003)
Incremental capital costExpected to be small for quality designs & quality equipment
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18Montreal 2006 – Symposium on MicrogridsJune 23, 06
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Comparison
Mod
erat
e
Sim
ple
Com
plex
1 3 5
DR is
land
func
tiona
lity
Par
alle
l T
rans
ition
Isla
nd
Fac
ility
L
ater
al
Circ
uit
S
ubst
atio
n
Adj
acen
t fee
der
Rec
onne
ctio
n m
ode
Desig
n an
d in
tegr
atio
n
Typ
es o
f isla
nds
D
R - n
umbe
r and
type
D
SM
Sto
rage
Eng
inee
ring
cons
ider
atio
ns
C
old
load
pick
-up
B
lack
star
t cap
abilit
y
D
R se
tting
s
Pro
tect
ion
coor
dina
tion
Ope
ratio
n an
d M
anag
emen
t
Pow
er d
ispat
ch
Cen
traliz
ed
Dec
entra
lized
Com
mun
icatio
n an
d da
ta e
xcha
nge
Rea
l-tim
e op
erat
ion
Dur
atio
n
Sho
rt-te
rm
Ind
efin
ite
Facility island 1 1 2 1 - - - - 2 2 1 - - 2 - - 2 3 - 2 3 2 -
4 5 3 4 4 3 3 - - 4 4 3 - 4 3 4 -
5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5IEEE 1547.4
Facility island
Boston Bar
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19Montreal 2006 – Symposium on MicrogridsJune 23, 06
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Natural ResourcesCanada Canada
Summary
MicrogridsTechnically feasible – however – must be industry friendlyStructured process is required to move beyond pilot projects
Application guidePowerful toolFormalize the design process
BC HydroCanadian leader in planned islandingInitiative in analysis of islandingTechnical assessment vs. business case