IEEE 802.15.4and Zigbee Overview

Topics

• 802.15.4• ZigBee• Competing Technologies• Products• Some Motorola Projects

Slide 2 Joe Dvorak, Motorola 9/27/05

• Home Networking

• Automotive Networks

• Industrial Networks

• Interactive Toys

• Remote Metering

IEEE 802.15.4 Applications Space

Slide 3 Joe Dvorak, Motorola 9/27/05

Some needs in the sensor networks

Thousands of sensors in a small space Wireless

but sensors are frequently stand alone Low Power

and sensors are frequently isolated Moderate Range.

Some of the challenges facing the standards committee

Slide 4 Joe Dvorak, Motorola 9/27/05

802.15.4 General CharacteristicsData rates of 250 kb/s, 40 kb/s and 20 kb/s.Star or Peer-to-Peer operation.Support for low latency devices.Fully handshaked protocol for transfer reliability.Low power consumption.Frequency Bands of Operation

16 channels in the 2.4GHz ISM* band

10 channels in the 915MHz ISM band

1 channel in the European 868MHz band.

* ISM: Industrial, Scientific, Medical

Slide 5 Joe Dvorak, Motorola 9/27/05

IEEE 802.15.4 MAC

Applications

IEEE 802.15.42400 MHz

PHY

IEEE 802.15.4868/915 MHz

PHY

802.15.4 / ZigBee Architecture

ZigBee

• Packet generation• Packet reception• Data transparency• Power Management

Slide 6 Joe Dvorak, Motorola 9/27/05

IEEE 802.15.4 PHY OverviewOperating Frequency Bands

868MHz / 915MHz PHY

2.4 GHz

868.3 MHz

Channel 0 Channels 1-10

Channels 11-26

2.4835 GHz

928 MHz902 MHz

5 MHz

2 MHz

2.4 GHz PHY

Slide 7 Joe Dvorak, Motorola 9/27/05

IEEE 802.15.4 PHY OverviewPacket Structure

PreambleStart ofPacket

Delimiter

PHYHeader

PHY ServiceData Unit (PSDU)

PHY Packet Fields• Preamble (32 bits) – synchronization • Start of Packet Delimiter (8 bits)• PHY Header (8 bits) – PSDU length• PSDU (0 to 1016 bits) – Data field

6 Octets 0-127 Octets

Slide 8 Joe Dvorak, Motorola 9/27/05

802.15.4 Architecture

IEEE 802.15.4 MAC

Applications

IEEE 802.15.42400 MHz

PHY

IEEE 802.15.4868/915 MHz

PHY

• Channel acquisition• Contention mgt• NIC address• Error Correction

ZigBee

Slide 9 Joe Dvorak, Motorola 9/27/05

Extremely low cost

Ease of implementation

Reliable data transfer

Short range operation

• Very low power consumption

Simple but flexible protocol

IEEE 802.15.4 MAC OverviewDesign Drivers

Slide 10 Joe Dvorak, Motorola 9/27/05

IEEE 802.15.4 MAC OverviewTypical Network Topologies

Slide 11 Joe Dvorak, Motorola 9/27/05

• Full function device (FFD)– Any topology– Network coordinator capable– Talks to any other device

• Reduced function device (RFD)– Limited to star topology– Cannot become a network coordinator– Talks only to a network coordinator– Very simple implementation

IEEE 802.15.4 MAC OverviewDevice Classes

Slide 12 Joe Dvorak, Motorola 9/27/05

Full function device

Reduced function device

Communications flow

Master/slave

PANCoordinator

IEEE 802.15.4 MAC OverviewStar Topology

Slide 13 Joe Dvorak, Motorola 9/27/05

Full function device Communications flow

Point to point Cluster tree

IEEE 802.15.4 MAC OverviewPeer-Peer Topology

Slide 14 Joe Dvorak, Motorola 9/27/05

Full function device

Reduced function device

Communications flow

Clustered stars - for example,cluster nodes exist between roomsof a hotel and each room has a star network for control.

IEEE 802.15.4 MAC OverviewCombined Topology

Slide 15 Joe Dvorak, Motorola 9/27/05

IEEE 802.15.4 MAC OverviewGeneral Frame Structure

Payload

PH

Y L

ayer

MA

CLa

yer MAC Header

(MHR)MAC Footer

(MFR)

MAC Protocol Data Unit (MPDU)

MAC Service Data Unit(MSDU)

PHY Header(PHR)

Synch. Header(SHR)

PHY Service Data Unit (PSDU)

4 Types of MAC Frames:

• Data Frame

• Beacon Frame

• Acknowledgment Frame

• MAC Command Frame

Slide 16 Joe Dvorak, Motorola 9/27/05

• Periodic data– Application defined rate (e.g. sensors)

• Intermittent data– Application/external stimulus defined rate (e.g.

light switch)

• Repetitive low latency data– Allocation of time slots (e.g. mouse)

IEEE 802.15.4 MAC OverviewTraffic Types

Slide 17 Joe Dvorak, Motorola 9/27/05

802.15.4 Architecture

IEEE 802.15.4 MAC

Applications

IEEE 802.15.42400 MHz

PHY

IEEE 802.15.4868/915 MHz

PHY

• Network Routing• Address translation• Packet Segmentation

• Profiles

ZigBee

Slide 18 Joe Dvorak, Motorola 9/27/05

ZigBee Stack Architecture

Slide 19 Joe Dvorak, Motorola 9/27/05

Typical ZigBee-Enabled Device Design

Typical design consist of RF IC and 8-bit microprocessor with peripherals connected to an application sensor or actuators

Slide 20 Joe Dvorak, Motorola 9/27/05

Wireless Technology Comparison Chart

356 A

34KB /14KB

Slide 21 Joe Dvorak, Motorola 9/27/05

Competing/Similar Technologies• Bluetooth

– http://www.bluetooth.org – http://www.bluetooth.com

• X10– Powerline protocol first introduced in the 1970's.– http://www.x10.com/technology1.htm

• Z-wave– Proprietary protocol for wireless home control networking.– http://www.z-wavealliance.com/

• INSTEON– Peer-to-peer mesh networking product that features a hybrid

radio/powerline transmission– http://www.insteon.net

• nanoNET– Proprietary set of wireless sensor protocols, designed to compete

with ZigBee. – http://www.nanotron.com/

Slide 22 Joe Dvorak, Motorola 9/27/05

802.15.4/ZigBee Products

Control4 Home Automation Systemhttp://www.control4.com/products/components/complete.htm

Eaton Home HeartBeat monitoring systemwww.homeheartbeat.com

Chip Sets• Ember, http://www.ember.com/index.html • ChipCon, http://www.chipcon.com • Freescale, http://www.freescale.com

Software, Development Kits• AirBee,

http://www.airbeewireless.com/products.php

• Software Technologies Group, http://www.stg.com/wireless/

• Slide 23 Joe Dvorak, Motorola 9/27/05

Motorola Activity

• Implementation of 802.15.4 & ZigBee

• Aimed at enterprises– Asset Tracking– Security– Public Safety

• Range: 10m• Transmission interval: ~ 4

minutes• Nodes move, Controller does not• Battery life: 1 week to several

years (nodes with 2 AA batteries)• Interfaces: machine-only

NeuRFonTM

Slide 24 Joe Dvorak, Motorola 9/27/05

Motorola Activity

• Implementation of 802.15.4 only• Aimed at consumers

– Home device control– Location awareness– Personal reminders

• Range: 1 - 5m• Phone is controller• Both nodes and can controller

move• Battery life: ~1 week years

(nodes with ~320 mAhr rechargeable battery)

• Transmission interval: 1 second• Interfaces: machine and human

ConformablesTM

SmartButton

LoBe

Janus

Digital PaperclipSlide 25 Joe Dvorak, Motorola 9/27/05

More Information• IEEE 2003 version of 802.15.4 MAC & Phy standard

– http://standards.ieee.org/getieee802/download/802.15.4-2003.pdf • ZigBee Specification

– http://www.zigbee.org/en/spec_download/download_request.asp • 802.15.4 Tutorial

– http://grouper.ieee.org/groups/802/15/pub/2003/Jan03/03036r0P802-15_WG-802-15-4-TG4-Tutorial.ppt

– Slides 3 – 17 were adapted from this tutorial• ZigBee Technology: Wireless Control that Simply Works

– http://www.hometoys.com/htinews/oct03/articles/kinney/zigbee.htm • ZigBee Technology: Wireless Control that Simply Works

– http://www.hometoys.com/htinews/oct03/articles/kinney/zigbee.htm • Home networking with Zigbee

– http://www.embedded.com//showArticle.jhtml?articleID=18902431– Slides 19 – 21 were adapted from this article

• Can the competition lock ZigBee out of the home?– http://www.techworld.com/mobility/features/index.cfm?FeatureID=1809