ieee 802.15.4g standards - keysight · pdf file• 2g/3g/4g • lte-mtc ... huawei,...

• IPv6 based Wireless Smart Utility Network (Wi-SUN) based on IEEE 802.15.4g – IEEE 802.15.4g, also known as the Smart Utility Networks (SUN), was approved by IEEE in

March, 2012 • Initially Japan focused, now expanding globally (US, South East Asia, India, Europe) • Target smart utility use cases:

– Gas metering; demand/response; distribution automation • PHY layer based on IEEE 802.15.4g but the specification will be categorized based on

use cases – Frequency: 868 MHz (EU), 915 MHz (USA), 2.4 GHz ISM bands (worldwide)

• MAC may be based on or not based on 802.15.4. Application dependent

IEEE 802.15.4g Standards

*MR: Multi-rate and multi-regional, O-QPSK: Offset QPSK

3 PHY formats supported: • MR-FSK: 2FSK and 4FSK • MR-OFDM: available but not

popular • MR-O-QPSK: DSSS and

multiplexed DSSS

© 2015 ATEAM SCIENTIFIC

IoT Key Enabling Wireless Technologies

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Heterogeneous Mix of Technologies

Wireless Wide Area Network (WWAN)

Wireless Neighborhood Area Network

(WNAN)

Wireless Local Area Network

(WLAN)

Wireless Personal Area Network (WPAN)

• Bluetooth LE • ZigBee • Thread (6LoWPAN) • Z-Wave • ANT+

• WirelessHART • ISA100.11a (6loWPAN) • EnOcean • Plus more

• 802.11a/b/g/n/ac • 802.11af (white space) • 802.11ah & 802.11p

• Wi-SUN (6LoWPAN) • ZigBee-NAN (6LoWPAN)

• Cellular • 2G/3G/4G • LTE-MTC • 5G in the future

• Low Power Wide Area (LPWAN)

• SIGFOX

• LoRa • Telensa • PTC • Plus more

Short range (10 – 100 meter) Short/Medium range (100 -

1000 meter) Medium range (~ 5 - 10 km)

Long range (up to 100 km)

Note 1: No stringent definition of what is considered WPAN, WLAN, WWAN. Note 2: What is shown is not a complete list of radio formats

Red text – emerging IoT technologies


• What is LPWAN? – Typically star networks with up to100km coverage centred on a gateway – Optimized for machine type communication:

• Very low data rates • Long battery life • Low duty cycle to co-exist in shared spectrum

• Typical applications – Street lighting (Telensa widely deployed) – Parking space occupancy sensors – Burglar alarm back-up (cellular jammers widely available) – Social housing use cases (e.g. smoke alarm and energy credit policing SIGFOX in UK) – Pet tracking – Garbage collection bin fill level for pick up route optimization (LoRa) – Agricultural sensors – Forest fire detection

Low Power Wide Area Networks (LPWAN)

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• LoRa : Long Range M2M communications used for applications like the Internet of Things, IoT, using very low power levels. LoRa Alliance is an open, non-profit association that was formally launched at MWC in 2015.

IoT Key Enabling Technologies

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LoRaTM(Long Range)


Members of the LoRa Alliance include Actility, Cisco, Eolane, IBM, Kerlink, IMST, MultiTech, Sagemcom, Semtech, and Microchip Technology.

Key Features •Low Cost •Low power: Long battery life in excess of ten years •Long range: ~15 - 20 km

Frequency bands: sub-1GHz ISM bands: 868 MHz (Europe), 915 MHz (North America), 433 MHz (Asia) Bandwidth: 7.8 kHz ~ 500 kHz. Modulation: Chirp Spread spectrum modulation Forward error correction, FEC

LoRa WAN Network Architecture

• LoRa gateways are a bridge relaying messages between end-nodes and a central network server

– End-nodes use single-hop wireless communication to one or more gateways

– Gateways are connected to the network server via standard IP connections such as 3G/4G cellular network

– A LoRa gateway deployed on a building or tower can connect to sensors more than ten miles away

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• SIGFOX is a startup in France building a low cost network dedicated for IoT (low throughput)

• Uses unlicensed spectrum – mostly sub-GHz band and patented ultra narrow band (UNB) communication

– Ultra low throughput - ~100 bps • Device can send between 0 and 140

messages per day, each message is up to 12 bytes

– Low power : Up to 20 yars of battery life

– Long range – up to 30 miles in rural area and 2-6 miles in urban area

• Devices require a SIGFOX modem to connect to SIGFOX network

• Target applications: smart meter, pet tracking, smoke detector, agriculture etc…

• Networks deployed in France, Netherlands, Russia and Spain; Launching 902 MHz network in San Francisco 6

SIGFOX



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Cellular - LTE Machine Type Communication (LTE-MTC)

Evaluation of brand new radio optimized for low end IoT market Some proposals are in place for future work on LTE-MTC/Cat-0 ex. 200 kHz BW. No plans yet

3GPP Rel 13 further improvements planned to LTE-MTC (scheduled for completion in 2016)

Low device cost: • Reduced UE receive bandwidth to 1.4

MHz • DL peak data rate – 200 kbps • 75% modem complexity reduction

compared to Cat-1 UE

Long battery life: 10+ years battery life

Enhanced coverage: 15 – 20 dB coverage

enhancement

Long battery life • Added new UE power saving mode (PSM)

Low device cost: • DL peak data rate – 1 Mbps ( vs. 10 Mbps in Cat-1) • LTE BW – 20 MHz • # of UE receive chains – 1 ( vs. 2 in Cat-1) • Optional Half Duplex ( vs. full duplex in Cat-1)

3GPP RAN Group 3GPP Rel 12 – Introduction to LTE-MTC (UE Cat-0)


GERAN Cellular IoT - CIoT

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Candidate Clean Slate Solutions for Massive Connectivity NB M2M & NB OFDMA NBM2M NB-OFDMA C-UNB NB-CSS

Qualcomm , Neul-Huawei, u-blox

Neul-Hauwei, u-blox, Ericsson, Samsung

Qualcomm SIGFOX Semtech

Downlink Downlink Downlink Downlink DownlinkMultiple access OFDMA FDMA NB-OFDMA FDMA & CSS

Sub-channel symbol rate 3.75 kHzSub-channel spacing 3.75 kHz 15 kHz 2.5 kHz 3.2-12.8 kHz

Number of sub-channels 48Maximum transmit power 43 dBm

Modulation mandatory BPSK, QPSK ½ & ¾ conv-code: π/2-BPSK, π/4-QPSK

½ Viterbi 0.3GMSK

Modulation optional 16QAM 16-QAMPulse shaping Wideband spectral

shapingFFT size 64Budget 163 dB

Uplink Uplink Uplink Uplink UplinkMultiple access FDMA FDMA SC-FDMA FDMA & CSS

Sub-channel symbol rate 3.75 kHzSub-channel spacing 5 kHz 5kHz 400 Hz-12.8 kHz

Number of sub-channels 36Maximum transmit power 23 dBm

Modulation mandatory GMSK 1/3 & 2/3 Turb-code; GMSK,

½ Viterbi 0.3GMSK

Modulation optional BPSK, QPSK, 8PSK π/2-BPSK, π/4-QPSK , π/8-8PSK, single

carrier, sub-channel bonding

Pulse shaping Symbol rate shapingGMSK: BT=0.3

PSK: root-raised cosineFFT size -Budget 164 dB

• Narrow Band M2M (NB M2M) • Narrow Band OFDMA (NB-OFDMA) • Cooperative Ultra Narrow Band (C-UNB) • Combined Narrowband & Chirp Spread Spectrum (NB-CSS) • Converged (NB M2M and NB OFDMA)


Wide area networks

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Technology Trade-offs

Pros: • Long range • Long battery life (>10

years) • Low cost • Uses cellular network

as backhaul Cons: • New standard • Unlicensed band -

interference • Very low data rate – can

only be used for IoT

Pros: • Well established

standards • Long rage • High data rate • Very wide coverage • Licensed band (except LTE-

U)

Cons: • Not optimized for IoT

• Battery life • Cost

Pros: • Long range • Long battery life (up to

20 years) • Low cost Cons: • New standard • Unlicensed band -

interference • Can’t run on existing

cellular network – needs a dedicated SIGFOX network

• Very low data rate -can only be used for IoT


IoT/M2M Key Test Challenges

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• WPAN: BT LE, ZigBee, Thread, Z-Wave, RFID, NFC(EMV), EnOCEAN, ANT+ etc.

• WLAN: 802.11a/b/g/n/ac, 802.11ah, 802.11p etc. • WNAN: ZigBee-NAN, WirelessHART, Wi-SUN etc. • WMAN: 3G/4G, LTE-M, SIGFOX, LoRA etc.

Comprehensive RF Standards

• Frequency stability, symbol stability • Signal power, channel power • Spectrum emission mask (SEM), Spurious test • Modulation quality (EVM) • Sensitivity (under AWGN, Fading)

Multiple Test Items for Tx/Rx

• BPSK/ASK/FSK • O-QPSK • OFDM • MIMO (only as optional)

Multiple PHY Modulation Types

• Bench-top based solution for Early R&D • Modular based solution for DVT and Mfg • Low cost solution for cost sensitive customers (R&D, Mfg

and repair)

Cost Effective Platform for IoT/M2M


E6640A EXM Wireless Test Set

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Solve today, evolve tomorrow

Ramp up rapidly & optimize full volume production


Solve Today, Evolve Tomorrow

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Ramp up rapidly & optimize full-volume manufacturing

Ultimate Scalability & Port Density

Multi-TRX, multi-port OBT Up to 6 GHz, 160 MHz BW

Broadest Multi-Format Coverage

LTE-Advanced

802.11ac WLAN MIMO & more

Highest Throughput & Yield

Fastest, most accurate

parallel device test

In sync with the latest chipsets and backed by expert manufacturing test integration engineers


E6640A EXM Wireless Test Set

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Platform overview Ultimate scalability to meet your production

needs and in sync with the latest cellular

and WLAN chipsets.

Speed, accuracy and port density

you need to ramp up rapidly

and optimize full-volume

manufacturing. TRX 1 TRX 2 TRX 3 TRX 4 Controller Reference


Tailor your TRX’s frequency range


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Optimize your multi-device manufacturing test

380 MHz- 6 GHz

1.1-1.8 GHz

380 MHz-3.8 GHz

2.3-2.6 GHz 4.8-6 GHz

Tailor your TRX’s measurement bandwidth

160 MHz

80 MHz

40 MHz Standard

Opt B85

Opt B1X

Frequency range and bandwidth are license-key field upgradable

Cellular Bands(Opt 504) WiCon Bands(Opt 5WC)

Cellular & WiCon Bands(Opt 506)



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Platform overview Up to 4 independent TRX in compact 4U space

• Each is a fully calibrated VSA/VSG with self-contained RFIO

• 2 full-duplex, 2 half-duplex or 4 full-duplex ports

• Up to 6 GHz with 160-MHz bandwidth on each TRX

• Rugged N-Type RF connectors designed for mfg. environment

Controller

VSA

VSG

RFIO

VSA

VSG

RFIO

VSA

VSG

RFIO

VSA

VSG

RFIO

Add additional TRX (up to 4 per mainframe) when you need to expand production.

1-TRX 2-TRX 3-TRX

4-TRX



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Easily keep pace with your production capability needs

• Full parallel testing of multiple devices simultaneously

• Connect up to 16 DUTs without external RF switch

• Modular extensibility

• Future proof


Wireless Connectivity

Cellular • LTE-Advanced FDD/TDD, LTE FDD/TDD • HSPA+, W-CDMA • 1xEV-DO, cdma2000

• GSM/EDGE/EDGE Evo • TD-SCDMA/TD-HSPA • DECT • PHS • WLAN 802.11a/b/g/n/j/p/ac/ah/af • Bluetooth 1.0 to 4.2 • Multi-Satellite GNSS: GPS, Galileo, GLONASS,

Beidou, SBAS, QZSS • Mobile WiMAX • Digital video, FM, ZigBee(802.15.4) MIMO (2x2, 3x3, 4x4) & carrier aggregation • Switched MIMO for manufacturing test • True MIMO (multi-TRX) for design validation • LTE-A CA Inter- and intra-band

Broadest Multi-Format Coverage

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Consistent repeatability of standard-based X-Series

measurement applications

SCPI-controlled PXIe OBT EXT/E6630A compatible


Standards Freq(s) Max BW

Data rate Mod Range Network Applications

LTE-M Category 0/1

(LTE Rel12/13) LTE band 1.4 MHz 200 kbps ~

1 Mbps OFDM 1000m WMAN lower speed and power versions of the LTE standard defined in Rel12/13

802.11ah Sub GHz 1 to 16 MHz

150kbps to 78 Mbps OFDM 1000m WLAN

Target for Internet of Things, wearable devices or extend range

802.11p Sub GHz 5/10/20 MHz

1.5Mbps to 54Mbps OFDM 1000m WLAN Wireless access in vehicle

environment (WAVE)

Bluetooth Low Energy

2.4GHz 2 MHz 1Mbps GFSK 50m WPAN automotive, healthcare, security, home entertainment

Z-Wave (ITU G.9959)

868.42 MHz 908.42 MHz 200 kHz 9.6 kbps

~100 kbps BFSK GFSK 100cm WPAN

Remote controls, smoke alarm, security sensors Owned by Denmark Zensys

Zigbee (802.15.4)

ISM <2.4GHz 5 MHz 40kbits/s,

250kbis/s BPSK OQPSK 10m WPAN Home automation, smart grid, remote control

Thread (802.15.4)


250kbis/s BPSK, FSK OQPSK 10m WPAN

Mesh network for home and support 6LoWPAN

Wi-Sun (802.15.4g)

ISM <2.4GHz 200kHz to 1.2 MHz

50 kbps to 1Mbps

FSK ,OFDM, OQPSK 1000m WPAN

FAN and HAN Smart Utility Networks, Smart Grid, Smart Metering

NFC 13.56 MHz 1MHz 848Kbps FSK, ASK 20cm P2P Contactless payment, easy other connection (Wi-Fi, BT), identity and access

IoT Key Enabling Wireless Technologies Summary

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PHY Differences between 802.11ac and 802.11ah


19 Source: Draft Amendment Proposed by 802.11 TGah Working Group

802.11ah Physical Layer Measurements


• 802.11ah Transmit Test Solution – Supports 802.11ah 1/2/4/8/16MHz – Full measurement result set

• Transmit Power • Modulation Accuracy • Spectrum emission mask

EXM 802.11ah Test Solution


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LTE-M Category 0/1






802.11p Sub GHz 5/10/20 MHz


environment (WAVE)



Z-Wave (ITU G.9959)

868.42 MHz 908.42 MHz 200 kHz 9.6 kbps



Zigbee (802.15.4)



Thread (802.15.4)




Wi-Sun (802.15.4g)


50 kbps to 1Mbps





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Bluetooth Low Energy RF PHY Test Cases


• NOC: normal operating conditions • EOC: extreme operating conditions • NOC and EOC tests are the same except the operating conditions (extreme temperature, • air humidity, supply voltage)

Bluetooth Low Energy Channel Allocations


Bluetooth Measurements


EXM Bluetooth 4.2 Test Solution

26

LE Data Length Extension

Up to 255 Octets (2040 bits)




LTE-M Category 0/1






802.11p Sub GHz 5/10/20 MHz


environment (WAVE)



Z-Wave (ITU G.9959)

868.42 MHz 908.42 MHz 200 kHz 9.6 kbps



Zigbee (802.15.4)



Thread (802.15.4)




Wi-Sun (802.15.4g)


50 kbps to 1Mbps





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• Range: 10 – 75 meters (depending on the environment) • Radio Power Requirements: 1 mW – 100 mW • Transmit Center Frequency Tolerance: ± 40 ppm • Receiver Sensitivity (PER < 1%): - 85 dBm @ 2.4 GHz band; -92 dBm @ 868/915 MHz band • Modulation and channel access: DSSS and CSMA/CA

ZigBee (IEEE 802.15.4) Physical Layer Specification


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IEEE 802.15.4 O-QPSK PHY RF Requirements


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EXM ZigBee Solution

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Transmitter Test Receiver Test

• TX Power • Spectrum PSD

Mask • Center Frequency

Tolerance • EVM

• Sensitivity • Jamming

Resistance • Maximum Input

Level

Covers both 2.4G and 900M

Wireless Control That Simply Works




LTE-M Category 0/1






802.11p Sub GHz 5/10/20 MHz


environment (WAVE)



Z-Wave (ITU G.9959)

868.42 MHz 908.42 MHz 200 kHz 9.6 kbps



Zigbee (802.15.4)



Thread (802.15.4)




Wi-Sun (802.15.4g)


50 kbps to 1Mbps





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• 3 physical layer (PHY) standards supported: – MR-FSK*: 2FSK and 4FSK modulation used – MR-OFDM: 4 options with different FFT size and bandwidths – MR-O-QPSK*: DSSS and multiplexed DSSS used

• Frequency bands depend on regulatory requirements, may include bands around 169, 450-510, 780, 863-870, 896-960, 1427-1518, and 2400-2483 MHz

• Wi-SUN Alliance PHY conformance tests and profiles being developed for MR-FSK PHY.

IEEE 802.15.4g Standards


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Data Rate (kpbs) Modulation Index (h) Channel Spacing (kHz) Region

50 1 200 Japan, US/BZ

100 1 400 Japan

200 1 600 Japan

100 0.5 200 US/BZ

150 0.5 400 US/BZ

200 0.5 400 US/BZ

300 0.5 600 Japan, US/BZ

EXM WiSUN Solution Test Solution

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2FSK Demod for Wi-SUN


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Thank you !


ieee 802.15.4g standards - keysight · pdf file• 2g/3g/4g • lte-mtc ... huawei,...

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