if protein is the answer, what’s the question?. question #1 what is protein??
TRANSCRIPT
If Protein is the answer,
what’s the question?
Question #1Question #1What is protein?
??
From the Greek wordFrom the Greek word
ProteiosProteiosmeaning
of prime importance
They are chemical substancesThey are chemical substances
• Nitrogen
• Carbon
• Hydrogen
• Oxygen
• Sulfur
These
elements
form amino acids which are
the building blocks of protein.
There are approximately 23 different amino acids
known to man.Each protein molecule will be made up of hundreds of these amino acid
building blocks.
Question #2Question #2
Where does protein come from?
C arbon dioxide
Air
N itrogen W ater
Earth
Essential/N on-essential
Protein
Hum an Prote in
E ssentia l /Non-essentia l
E a ten by m an
Hum an Prote in
E ssentia l /Non-essentia l
E a ten by m an
A nim a l Prote in
E ssentia l /Non-essentia l
E a ten by anim a l
A nim a l Prote in
E ssentia l /Non-essentia l
E a ten by anim a ls
Plant Prote ins
A m ino A c idsE ssentia l /Non-essentia l
Combinationcab in at
ton bin
nation comb bat
mob tin cat can boot
miniontan
Fortificationfitcarton
factionfictionnation
fatfact
orationraftratfar
rootraintorn
Essentialsenttanlenttietailsailsaltletlasslatelean
tasseltenteal
lessen
Question #3Question #3
What is protein used for?
The Basic Building BlocksThe Basic Building Blocks
• Growth• Repair• Maintenance• Synthesis
– enzymes
– hormones
– antibodies
Question #4Question #4
How much protein do we need?
It won’t hold still• 1881 - Professor Carl von Voit 120 gm/d • 1904 - Dr. Russell Crittenden 50 gm/d• 1914 - Dr. Mikkel Hindhede 40 gm/d• 1920 - Henry Sherman 45 gm/d• 1941 - National Research Council 70 gm/d• 1946 - Dr. Mark Hegsted 32 gm/d• 1955 - Dr. William Rose 22 gm/d*• 1959 - Dr. Mark Hegsted 20 gm/d• 1968 - National Research Council 65 gm/d• 1973 - National Research Council 56 gm/d
Question #5Question #5
If a little is good, isn’t more even better?
Study done during WWIIStudy done during WWII
• Two month study
• 24 young men in
three groups
• Three different
diets
Group #1Group #1• 50 grams protein a day
– 45 grams from cereals, potatoes, vegetables, fruits
– 5 grams from animals
No member suffered any loss
of vigor
Group #3Group #3• 160 grams protein
a day
– Mostly from animal sources
No benefit could be seen in this group.
Question #6Question #6
Don’t we need to have complete proteins?
Sweet PotatoSweet Potato
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
Sweet Potato Recommended
Isol
Leuc
Lys
Meth
Phen
Thre
Trp
Val
Brown RiceBrown Rice
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
Brown Rice Recommended
Isol
Leuc
Lys
Meth
Phen
Thre
Trp
Val
Rolled OatsRolled Oats
0
12
34
5
67
8
910
Rolled Oats Recommended
Isol
Leuc
Lys
Meth
Phen
Thre
Trp
Val
White BeansWhite Beans
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
White Beans Recommended
Isol
Leuc
Lys
Meth
Phen
Thre
Trp
Val
BroccoliBroccoli
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
Broccoli Recommended
Isol
Leuc
Lys
Meth
Phen
Thre
Trp
Val
• SourcesPlant
• Nuts• Legumes• Protein derivatives
Animal• Downside of animal proteins
• Servings - grams needed daily
Virusescancermultiple sclerosisunknown
Bacteria Diabetogenic factors Adverse eye factors Metabolic burden for kidneys and liver
Many risks associated with Many risks associated with consuming too much protein.consuming too much protein.
• Animal protein often high in fat• Fat contributes to obesity• High meat eating linked to colon cancer• The more protein consumed, the less
fruits, vegetables, grains• High protein diets promote calcium
excretion• Excessive protein may cause fluid
imbalances
If cooks pretended that in handling raw meat, they were handling a lump of raw sewage in a food environment, and took all the
necessary precautions, then that would be just about adequate.
Four out of every five chickens sold in a supermarket are infected with salmonella.
Bon appetite!
• Therapeutic use - Fix the one sick cow. (Human toxic effect.)
• Prophylactic use - Protect the whole herd.
• Growth promotion - Part of the feed. (Human hypersensitivity effect.)
Resistance&
Cross-resistanceLeads to a reservoir of resistance
There is a large reservoir of E. Coli in calves and pigs which are very resistant and that
resistance can be “donated” to more dangerous organisms such as salmonellae.
• About 25% of human salmonella infections are now resistant to drug therapy.
• Half the antibiotics now produced are fed to food animals (disease prevention and growth promotion.)
Chickens are now being fed their own excrement to about 50% of their total
intake of food, its very economical. But it means that contaminants, such as drugs, hormones, pesticides and antibiotics are
getting more and more concentrated each time they go through.
• Cases of allergy, including...– Asthma (3X more common in youth today
than in their parent’s day.)– Eczema (6X more common today.)
• Have increased alarmingly over the past few decades
• Use of antibiotics in food animals has also increased greatly.