if wish clauses

7/30/2019 if Wish Clauses

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If Wish Clause

Elaborat: Chironda Olga,

profesor de limb englez


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IF CLAUSES


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Conditional sentences describe situations that

occur (or do not occur) because of certainconditions.

In conditional sentences, the clauses can come in

either order.We place a comma after the if clause

if it is comes first.We dont generally place acomma after the result clause if it comes first.


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There are five types of if clause:

Type 0

Type 1Type 2

Type 3

Mixed Type


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Type 0

We use this type of condition to express auniversal truth.

*** If + simple present + simple present

e.g.If you freeze water, it becomes ice.

If you heat snow, it melts.


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Type 1

This type of condition is used for present or

future activities which are likely to happen.

*** If + simple present + will verb1

e.g.If he doesnt hurry, he will be late.

If we go by train, it will be cheaper.


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Type 2

The condition is used for present or future

activities which are unlikely or impossible

to happen.

***If + simple past + would verb1

e.g.If I had enough money, I would lend you.If he was a bird, he would fly everywhere.


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Type 3

This is the only type of condition which deals

with past situations. The action mentioned

did not really happen.

***If + past perfect + would have verb3

e.g. If it had rained yesterday, I would havestayed at home.


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Basic structures used in conditional sentencesSituation If Clause Main Clause

True in the present/

future

Simple present Simple present

Simple future

Untrue in the present/

future

Simple past Would + verb 1

Untrue in the past Past perfect Would + have verb 3


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EXERCISES

1.If I ___(be) stronger, I'd help you carry the piano.

2. If we'd seen you, we ___(stop).

3.If we ___(meet) him tomorrow, we'll say hello.

4.He would have repaired the car himself if he___(have) the tools.


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5.If you drop the vase, it ___(break).

6.If you hadnt studied, I ___(not pass) the exam.

7.I wouldnt go to school by bus, if I ___(have) a

driving licence.

8.If she ___(not see) him everyday, shed be

lovesick.

Answers:1)were 2)would have stopped 3)meet 4)had had 5)willbreak 6)would not have passed 7)had 8)didnt see


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Mixed Type

The times of the ifclause and the resultclause are sometimes different.Present

unreal and past conditional forms can be

mixed in the same sentence.

e.g. If I hadnt goneto college, Id still be

working at the hardware store.


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Examples:

If Sam were coming, he would have

arrivedby now.

If you had plannedthings at the start,

we wouldnt getinto a mess.

If you hadnt leftall these dirty dishes,

the place would looka bit tidier.

If Jack was more sensible, he would

have worn a suit to the interview.


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Actual situations Conditionals

If Clause Result Clause

He didnt have

children, so he is alone.past present

If he had hadchildren,

he wouldnt bealone.

His memory is not

good, so he didnt

buyhis medicine.

present past

If his memorywere good, he would havebought his

medicine.


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EXERCISES

1.Come before lunchtime if it ___ you.a)suitsb)will suitc)suitedd)was to suit

e)had suited

2.If we ___ double glazing on our windows, we ___on our heating bills.a)had / would save

b)have / are savingc)had had / saved)are having /savede)will have / can save


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3.If he ___ how serious the situation is, he ___ aroundlike that.

a)should realize / hasnt been foolingb)had realized / hasnt fooledc)realized / wouldnt be foolingd)could realize / wasnt foolinge)realizes / wouldnt have fooled

4.If a replacement kidney ___ soon, the patient ___ .a)wont have been found /diesb)wasnt found / had diedc)hadnt been found / was dying

d)wouldnt have been found / diede)isnt found / will die


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5.A lot of people ___ in the explosion if the medical men

___ so promptly.

a)are being killed / dont act

b)were being killed / havent been acting

c)should have killed / didnt act

d)might have been killed / hadnt acted

e)must be killing / arent acting

6.What things ___ you ___ with you if you ___ stranded

on a desert island?

a)might / take / have been

b)would / take / were to bec)could / take / will be

d)will / have taken / were

e)did / take / could be

Answers: 1A-2A-3C-4E-5D-6B


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WISHES


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We often use unreal conditionals to

express regret or sadness. In a similarway, we use wish + noun clause to

express sadness or a desire for different

situation.

e.g. I wish (that) I had a better job.

(If I had a better job, Id earn more.)


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a)wish + would / couldTo express a wish about the future.

e.g. I wish you would change your mind about

buying that house.

I wish she could visit us.


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b) wish + simple pastTo express a wish about the present.

e.g. My wife wishes I helped her with the housework.

I wishI lived in a big city.


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c) wish + past perfectTo express a wish about the past.

e.g. My son wishes he hadnt taken that job.

I wish you had told me about the dance.


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Be careful!

Dont confuse wish and hope. Use wish to

express regrets about things that are unlikely or

impossible to change. Use hope to express a

desire about events that are possible.

e.g.I wish she would accept my proposal.(I dont think she will.)

I hope she will accept my proposal.(Its possible that she will.)


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**If onlyhas a meaning similar to that ofwish.If only

is followed by a noun clause without that.e.g. I wish (that) I were good at sports.

If only I were good at sports.

** Use simple past afterif onlyto express a wishabout something that is contrary to fact at present.e.g. If only we werent so busy.

**Use past perfect afterif onlyto express a wish thatsomething had happened differently in the past.

e.g. If only I hadnt said that.


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Be careful!Dont confuseif onlywith only if.

e.g. If only Jerry studied more.

( = I wish he would study more.)Only if Jerry studied more would he have a

chance of passing.

( = This would be the only way for him topass.)


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Basic Structures Used in Wish Clausessituation

Subject + wish

main clause

A wish about

the future

would + verb1

A wish about

the present

verb2

A wish aboutthe past

verb3


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EXERCISES1.What a beautiful view! I wish I (bring) ___ my

camera with me.

2.If only Mr. Blake (not, interrupt) ___ the speaker

all the time, the presentation would have been

enjoyable.

3.I quite like this flat, but I wish the people above

us (not, be) ___ so noisy.

4.If only I (have) ___ better eyesight.I cant read

anything now without my glasses.


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5.I really wish you (stop) ___ whistling.Its getting

on my nerves.

6.I wish you (can, be) ___ at the party last

night.You really enjoyed yourself.

7.I wish you (can, see) ___ the look on my

husbands face yesterday when he saw the colour

I had painted the living room.

Answers: 1)brought - 2)wouldnt interrupt- 3)werent- 4)had -

5)Stopped - 6)could have been - 7)could have seen


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EXERCISES

1.Everybody would have drowned if the boat ---- the quayside

when it sank.

A) must not have approached

B) didn't approach

C) hadn't been approaching

D) hasn't approachedE) wouldn't be approaching

2.My brother is sitting by the telephone wishing his girlfriend --

-- him.

A) callsB) has called

C) will call

D) would call

E) is calling


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3.I know Sibel wishes she ---- the horses with her friends, but

she is too young.

A) could ride

B) would rideC) will be riding

D) would have ridden

E) has ridden

4.One day I ---- to visit my cousin in Australia if I can get three

weeks off work.

A) have liked

B) had likedC) would like

D) liked

E) were to like


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5.Later on today, I ---- a cake for tea if we---- all of the necessary

ingredients , of course.

A) would bake/were having

B) will bake/have

C) could have baked/had

D) will have baked/have had

E) were to have baked/would have

6.If people ---- any opium-related drug often enough, they ----

physically dependent, or addicted, to the drug.

A) take/become

B) took/became

C) would take/had becomeD) were taking/may become

E) are taking/have become

Answers: 1C-2D-3A-4C-5B-6A


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TheEnd

if wish clauses

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