iffat fatima uog. electron microscope contents history lm vs em electron microscope principle types...
TRANSCRIPT
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IFFAT FATIMA
UOG
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ELECTRON MICROSCOPE
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Contents
• History• LM Vs EM • Electron microscope• Principle• Types of EM• Application & importance
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History of Microscope1590-tube microscope by dutch glass maker 1665-Robert hooke’s microscope
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Continued……………………………
1674-Antonee van leeuwenhookeTEM co-invented by Ernst Ruska (1931)
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Main characteristics of microscope
• Resolution
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Magnification
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Light Microscope Vs Electron microscope
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Comparison
Light microscope
Resolution: 0.2μm to 200nm
Magnification: 2000x
Illumination: Light
Glass lenses
Objects seen: frog's egg cells‚ cell wall‚ cilia‚ flagella‚ nucleus & other organelles etc.
Living specimen
Lower resolving power
Focus: condenser lense
Electron microscope
• Resolution: 0.2nm• Magnification: 2‚000‚000x• Illumination: Electron• Electromagnetic lenses• Objects seen:
orgenelles‚ proteins‚ viruses‚ small molecules etc.
• Dead specimen• Higher resolving power• Focus: vaccum & magnetic lense
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Electron microscope
• Electron microscope is a scientific instrument that uses a beam of energetic electrons to examine objects on a very fine scale.
Why electron beam?• Wave nature of particles
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Types of Electron microscope
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Transmission electron microscope
Instrumentation• Electron Source• Electromagnetic lense system• Sample holder• Imaging system
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Working
• Emission of a high voltage beam of electrons.• Focusing of beam on specimen.• Transmission through the specimen.• Magnification of the image.• Recording of the image by fluorescent screen,
light sensitive sensor (camera).
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TEM
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Sample preparation
• Fixation• Rinsing• Post fixation• Dehydration• Infiltration• Polymerization• Sectioning
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Applications
• Ultra-structure analysis• Crystal structure
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Scanning Electron microscope
• Emission of a beam of by an electron gun.• Passage of electron beam through the vacuum.• Focusing of beam down toward the sample.• Ejection of X-rays & es. From sample after hitting.• Collection of by detectors & conversion to a signal.• Transmission of signal to a screen/ final image
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Scanning EM
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Sample preparation
• Metals require no preparation• Non metals require coating of a thin layer of
conductive material.
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Applications
• Medical & physical science• Semiconductor industry• Examination of a large specimen range.
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Any Q?