FISHERIES MANAGEMENT PLANS A GUIDE TO FORMULATION AND IMPLEMENTATION

Proceedings of the GCLME Regional Workshop, Douala, 2009

Guinea Current Large Marine Ecosystem Project

FISHERIES MANAGEMENT PLANS AND

IMPLEMENTATION STRATEGIES IN THE GCLME

Proceedings of the GCLME Regional Workshop, Douala, 2009

Guinea Current Large Marine Ecosystem Project

Interim Guinea Current Commission /

Edited by:Dr. Mohamed B.D. SeisayMr. Olu Sarr

Supervised by:

Dr. Stephen Maxwell Donkor

Designed by:

Yvonne A. Botwe

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Chapter One Page Workshop Proceedings, Recommendations and Conclusions

Table of ContentsAbbreviations and AcronymsForeword

1.1 Introduction 71.1.1. Workshop Objectives 71.1.2 Conduct and Organization of the Workshop 81.1.3. Main Outcomes 81.1.4. Outlook and Recommendations 91.2. Context, Justification and Recommendations for Suggested

Outlook Actions 101.2.1. Convene Meeting of Major Shrimp Producing Countries 101.3. Sub regional Approaches for Beach Seine Fisheries 111.4. Strengthen Institutional Arrangements in the Management

of Small Pelagic Resources 11 1.4.1. Justification 111.5. Strengthen Cooperation between GCLME Project and

Sub regional Fisheries Organizations 12 1.6. Strengthen collaboration between the GCLME Project

and the EAF-Nansen Project 131.7. Harmonization of legislation and utilization of

MCS-VMS systems 141.8. Elaboration of country specific Action Plans 151.9. Conclusion 15

Chapter TwoFramework for the Management of Sciaenidae and Sparidae Fishery Communities in the GCLME Region

2.1. Brief Description of the Fishery 162.2. Purpose/overall Objective 162.3. Management Objectives 172.4. Scope of Management Framework 172.5. Operation of the Management Framework 172.6. Review of the Management Framework 17

2.7. Key Policy Drivers 172.8. Rationale 172.9. Conclusion 20

Chapter ThreeFramework for the Management of Shrimp Fishery in the GCLME Region

3.1. Description of the shrimp fisheries in the GCLME region 213.2. Purpose/overall Objective 223.3. Management Objective 223.4. Scope of Management Framework 223.5. Operation of Management Framework 223.6. Review of Management Framework 223.7. Key Policy Drivers 223.8. Rationale 233.9. Conclusion 27

Chapter FourManagement Framework for Small Pelagic fishery of the Central Gulf of Guinea

4.1. Description of the Fishery 284.2. Overall Objective 294.3. Specific Management Objectives 294.4. Scope of Management Framework 294.5. Operation of Management Framework 294.6. Review of Management Framework 294.7. Key Drivers 294.8. Strategies 294.9. Special considerations 304.9.1. Presentation of the Management Framework 314.9.2. Conclusions and Recommendations 34

Chapter FiveAction Plan for Conservation and Management of Shared Sardinella Resources of Angola, Congo Republic, Congo DR and Gabon

5.1. Description of Fisheries 35

5.2. Purpose 365.3. Specific Objectives 365.4. Scope of Management Framework 365.5. Operation of Management Framework 365.6. Review of Management Framework 365.7. Key Policy Driver 375.8. Rationale 375.9. Log Frame for the Management of Sardinella Stocks

of the South 385.9.1. Conclusion 42

Chapter SixManagement Framework for Small Pelagic Fishery of the Western Gulf of Guinea

6.1. Description of the Fisheries 436.2. Overall Objective 446.3. Specific Objectives 446.4. Operation of the Framework 446.5. Key Drivers 446.6. Rationale 446.7. Conclusion 46

Chapter SevenManagement Framework for Small Pelagic Resources in the Northern Gulf of Guinea Region

7.1. Brief Description of the Fisheries 477.2. Purpose/Overall Objective 477.3. Specific Objectives 487.4. Scope of the Management Framework 487.5. Operation of the Management Framework 487.6. Review of the Management Framework 487.7. Key Policy Drivers 487.8. Rationale 497.9. Management Strategies 497.9.1. Conclusion 51

ANNEXE A: List of Participants 52

BRD By-catch Reduction DeviceCECAF Fishery Committee for the Eastern Central Atlantic CNSHB Centre National des Sciences Halieutiques de BoussaraDFID Department for International DevelopmentEAF Ecosystem Approach to Marine Fisheries in Developing CountriesGCLME Guinea Current Large Marine EcosystemFAO Food and Agricultural Organization of the United NationsFCWC Fishery Committee for the West Central Gulf of GuineaJSWG Joint Scientific Working GroupICZM Integrated Coastal Zone ManagementIGCC Interim Guinea Current CommissionIPOA International Plan of Action for the Conservation and Management of SharksIUU Illegal, unreported and unregulatedMCS-VMS Monitoring, Control and Surveillance – Vehicle Monitoring SystemsMPA Marine Protected AreaNORAD Norwegian Agency for Development CooperationR/V Research VesselSRFC Sub regional Fisheries CommissionTED Turtle Excluding DeviceUNIDO United Nations Industrial Development OrganizationWSSD World Summit for Sustainable DevelopmentWWF World Wide Fund for Nature

LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS

Fish was plentiful in many coastal markets along the Guinea Current. Alas! Today fish are far fewer, much smaller and more expensive. One of the long-term aims of the Guinea Current Large Marine Ecosystem project is the recovery of such depleted living resources in the region and provision of sustained supplies of this protein source for human consumption. Management of living marine resources is an urgent transboundary issue with serious implications for food security. It is a task requiring prudent ecosystem-based management of marine areas and restoration of degraded coastal habitats.

Some 150 million people living along the coastal zone forming part of the GCLME region are counting on their governments and scientists to lead such management action. It would help enhance long-term national and regional food security, restore fishing as a vital economic activity and so help secure livelihoods.

The GCLME SAP Development project places considerable emphasis on building regional capacity for a science-based regional ecosystem approach to achieving these aims. This book provides frameworks for the management of a variety of living resources once abundant in the Gulf of Guinea area; actions being taken; what the stakeholders need to accomplish immediately; and sets out strategic fisheries management objectives.

While stocks of marine living resources may recover slowly, application of the fisheries management plans contained in this book are a starting point and could go a long way to halting the present decline.

Stephen Maxwell Donkor, Ph.DExecutive Secretary and Regional Project Coordinator,Interim Guinea Current Commission

FORWARD

Workshop Proceedings, Recommendations and Conclusions

1.1. IntroductionA regional workshop on the formulation and implementation of fisheries management plans organized by the Project EGRAFO4001-BL 1758 “Combating Living Resources Depletion and Coastal Area Degradation in the Guinea Current Large Marine Ecosystem (GCLME) through Ecosystem-based Regional Actions” was held in Douala, Cameroon, from 2 to 7 November 2009. The workshop was opened by Dr. Wassouni Amadou, director of the environment, Ministry of the Environment of Cameroon and National GCLME director.

Experts from 13 of the 16 GCLME countries and partners of the Project participated at the workshop. The representatives from Benin, Equatorial Guinea and Liberia were unable to attend. Besides the fisheries expert of the GCLME Project, Dr. Oumarou Njifonjou, and the principal resource person/consultant to the workshop, Dr. Benedict P. Satia, a representative of the United States National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, (Dr. Bradford Brown); as well as Dr. Kwame Koranteng, a representative, and coordinator of the EAF-NANSEN Project of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations), provided technical assistance at the workshop. The list of participants is given as Annex A.

1.1.1. Workshop Objectives The workshop had the following objectives: vImprove understanding of the status of the resources in GCLME areavEnhance knowledge on the principles of developing fisheries management

plansvImprove the individual skills of participants in developing plansvStrengthen collaboration among and between countries in the management

of resources

CHAPTER ONE

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1.1.2 Conduct and Organization of the WorkshopThe workshop was conducted in a participatory and iterative manner. All the main documents were available to participants at least two weeks before the meeting, making it possible for participants to acquaint themselves with the contents of the documents before the workshop; and thus reducing time devoted to lecture-type presentations. The workshop was 15 per cent lecture and 85 per cent hands-on exercises. Prior to the workshop, a questionnaire survey on management practices in the GCLME area was conducted, analyzed and the results made available to all participants. The questionnaire survey facilitated efforts by participants at the workshop to:

ØAssess the state of fisheries management in the region

ØMainstream and guide discussion on “Development of Fisheries

Management Plans”

ØStimulate the thought process of participants in relation to elements and

strategies that are often used in the development of fisheries management

plansIn addition, participants worked in small groups. The groups were based on the natural subdivision of the GCLME region into four sub-ecoregions. The rationale of working in small groups was to:

§Enhance the participatory nature of the workshop, as all participants have

ample opportunity to contribute to the groups' efforts

§Provide a means of engendering broader and deeper discussion on concepts

and issues, relating to the formulation of plans

§Encourage cooperation among and between countries in the region

§Further encourage the development of individual skills among participants

through hands-on exercises Participants had the opportunity to prepare and make presentations on the state of fisheries management in their respective countries with emphasis on transboundary issues and the available data and statistics on the sector. A wrap-up session was held at the end of the workshop. During the session participants determined the main outcomes; ways to enhance the outputs of the workshop; and evaluated the overall context and organization of the workshop (logistics, quality of materials made available, presentation and conduct of the workshop, the usefulness and potential effects of the workshop on participants' output, etc).

1.1.3. Main OutcomesThe main outcomes are the following:

• Participants' appreciation of the importance of developing management frameworks was greatly increased

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• Participants also understood the constraints in formulating management frameworks or plans, a factor that contributes to the limited number of management plans on the fish stocks in the area

• Collaboration among and between countries on several aspects of the fisheries sector, particularly fisheries management, was enhanced

• The individual technical skills of participants was improved and they were able, as part of the learning process, to develop management frameworks on:

ØShrimp fisheryØDemersal fin fish fisheryØSmall pelagic fishery (four different stocks) on the basis of

naturally determined eco-regions

Participants pointed out that the workshop had other secondary outcomes such as:

§Affording them the opportunity to be informed of recent developments of the

sector in the region

§Created awareness among them of weaknesses in fisheries governance and

the high rate of by-catch in the fisheries including their adverse ecological and

financial effects

§Demonstrated the need for greater cooperation and collaboration among

countries, on issues related to the fisheries including the exchange of

information in the region

§Enabled them to better appreciate the importance of having good statistics

on the fisheries sector, to involve stakeholders and adopt a participatory and

iterative process not only in developing fisheries management frameworks

but in other aspects of their work

§The need to ensure management frameworks are kept as simple as possible,

undertake risks assessments and cost-benefit analysis in developing

management frameworks

1.1.4. Outlook and RecommendationsThe following are seven priority areas that were identified for action to enhance, further, the outcomes of the workshop:vGCLME Project should convene a meeting of the major shrimp countries in the

GCLME region in order to facilitate the exchange of information and experiences on transboundary issues related to the sustainable management of this very important resource.

vThe Project should assist countries of Western Gulf of Guinea to find sub

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regional approaches for resolving the adverse effects of using beach seines in that eco-region.

vThe GCLME Project should continue to provide assistance to strengthen institutional arrangements in the management of small pelagic fisheries in the southern zone to ensure the sustainable development of the resources.

vThe GCLME Project should take steps to strengthen collaboration with sub regional fisheries bodies in the area, as well as the FAO Fishery Committee for the Eastern Central Atlantic (CECAF), for the effective implementation of management advice/decisions.

vThe GCLME Project should initiate action to strengthen collaboration with projects addressing ecosystem-based regional actions and in particular the FAO/NORAD EAF-Nansen Project with a view to avoiding duplication, create synergies and for cost-effectiveness.

vThe GCLME Project should provide assistance to enable the completion of the process on the harmonization of legislation and approaches to the utilization of MCS-VMS systems in the sub region, as this would contribute to better compliance and enforcement of management measures.

vCountries should develop country-specific action plans in order to operationalize the sub regional management frameworks developed or elaborated during the workshop.

1.2. Context, Justification and Recommendations for Suggested Outlook Actions

1.2.1. Convene Meeting of Major Shrimp Producing Countries The shrimp fishery of which the main species are Penaeus monodon; Penaeus notialis; Penaeus kerathurus; Parapeneopsis atlantic and Aristeus varidens, Parapenaeus longirostris (the two latter are deep sea species), plays a pivotal role in the economic development of Angola, Cameroon, Guinea, Nigeria and Sierra Leone. However, the fishery has major ecological and human issues such as high by-catch rates of high-valued fin fish species including juveniles and habitat degradation by trawl gear. In addition, limited knowledge concerning stock status and removal of large predators leading to trophic cascades and distortion in ecosystem functioning, as well as competition and conflicts among artisanal and industrial fisheries, are major problems that countries need to tackle. From 2002 to 2008, FAO initiated a worldwide project to attend to issues and constraints in shrimp fishery and in the process introduced selective devices such as By-catch Reduction Devices and Turtle Excluding Devices. Two GCLME countries - Cameroon and Nigeria - were partners with FAO in that project.

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In view of the ecological, biodiversity and economic importance of shrimp fishery, as well as the paramount importance for countries to exchange information and experiences on transboundary issues of this very important resource, participants at the GCLME at the workshop recommend that:

The GCLME Project should convene a meeting of a working group made up of the major shrimp producing countries in the GCLME region (Angola, Cameroon, Guinea, Nigeria and Sierra Leone) to discuss and find appropriate solutions to issues related to shrimp fishery.

1.3. Sub regional Approaches for Resolving the Adverse Impacts of Using Beach Seines in the Fisheries of Western Gulf of Guinea Several fisheries communities in Benin, Côte d'Ivoire, Ghana and Togo use beach seines along the coasts, in breeding and grow-out areas as well as sensitive or fragile ecosystems. A significant portion of the catch is juveniles, thus this fishing practice is contributing to the destruction of the reproductive base of the fishery. The use of this fishing gear is, therefore, creating tensions and conflicts between fishers and the fisheries administrations responsible for enforcing management measures. It is recognized that if the issue is not properly addressed it could adversely affect the livelihoods of the fisheries communities or lead to the migration of fishers from one country to another, thereby increasing fishing pressure (effort) on resources. It was in this context that the DFID/FAO Sustainable Fisheries Livelihood Programme - in consultation with Benin, Ghana and Togo - initiated activities on resolving the problem of using beach seines in the fisheries. In 2003 through 2004, a study on the biological and socio-economic impacts of beach seine fishing in the three countries was undertaken. However, the DFID/FAO project ended before countries were able to put together the outcomes in their different countries and agree on a sub regional approach to resolve the issue.

In order to find a durable solution to this destructive fishing practice, whose negative impacts are not only biological but ecological and socio-economic, and bearing in mind that much of the activities have already been undertaken, the workshop recommends that:

The GCLME Project should assist countries of Western Gulf of Guinea to complete work and adopt sub regional approaches for resolving the adverse effects of using beach seines in that region.

1.4. Strengthen Institutional Arrangements in the Management of Small Pelagic Resources (Sardinella spp.) in the South

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1.4.1. Justification During the past decade the four southern countries of GCLME (Angola, the Congo Republic, Congo DR and Gabon) have taken steps to enhance cooperation, improve their knowledge and exchange experience with regards the Sardinella fishery. Examples of such activities include workshops organized under the auspices of the FAO in 1997 and by UNIDO/GCLME in 2006 and 2007, as well as participation in activities of the R/V DR. Fridtjof Nansen Research Programme on surveys of the fishery resources of Eastern Gulf of Guinea.

Following the 2006 workshop, it became apparent that the countries needed to work more closely together to address some of the important recommendations taken at the workshop, and to forge cooperation in science to generate timely and reliable information and data in support of management; to establish an institutional arrangement to facilitate the sharing of knowledge and experience between the countries; and to agree on processes to enhance the governance of the fishery, including effective compliance and enforcement apparatus. Consequently, at the Second UNIDO/GCLME sponsored workshop held in Luanda, Angola, 5-7 September 2007, the participants agreed to elaborate an Action Plan that would serve as a road map to move the fishery forward on an agreed schedule of shared responsibilities among the participating States and stakeholders within each State. The Action Plan was updated at this workshop and an important component of it is the putting in place of an institutional arrangement to ensure good governance of the resources so that these transboundary stocks continue to make significant socio-economic contributions to these countries, while ensuring the health and well-being of the ecosystem. The participants at the workshop recommend that:

The GCLME Project should continue to provide assistance to strengthen institutional arrangements in the management of small pelagic fisheries in the southern zone to ensure the sustainable development of the resources.

1.5. Strengthen Cooperation between GCLME Project and Sub regional Fisheries Organizations, as well as with CECAF.The GCLME area has three sub regional fisheries organizations: the Regional Fishery Committee for the Gulf of Guinea in the south, whose members are Angola, Cameroon, Congo Republic, the Democratic Republic of Congo, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon and Sao Tome and Principe; the Fishery Committee for the West Central Gulf of Guinea covering the countries between and including Nigeria to Liberia; and the Sub-Regional Fisheries Commission (of which the three northern members of GCLME (Guinea, Guinea-Bissau and Sierra Leone) are members. These fisheries organizations have been established, in the main, to facilitate cooperation between the countries

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with a common interest in the management of fish stocks. For each of these organizations, policy directives are given and decisions are taken at the Conference of Ministers which, in principle, meet once a year.

Country representatives at the Interim Guinea Current Commission (IGCC), the policy and decision-making structure for the GCLME, are generally the ministers' in-charge of the environment, who may or may not have competence in fisheries matters in their respective countries. To ensure that fisheries matters, particularly those related to management, are properly executed it is considered essential that the GCLME Project should establish strong working relationships with the three sub regional fisheries organizations, as well as CECAF, whose Scientific Subcommittee is responsible for assessing the state of fishery resources, and provide management advice. All countries of the GCLME are members of CECAF and play an active role in the CECAF Scientific Subcommittee's Working Party for the South, whose area of competence is the GCLME area. Participants at the workshop recommend that:

The GCLME project should take steps to strengthen collaboration with sub regional fisheries bodies in the area as well as CECAF for the effective implementation of management advice/decisions.

1.6. Strengthen Collaboration between the GCLME and the EAF-Nansen ProjectsThe participants at the workshop recalled that FAO is currently executing, with the financial assistance of NORAD, a global project “Strengthening the Knowledge Base for and Implementing an Ecosystem Approach to Marine Fisheries in Developing Countries” whose acronym is EAF-Nansen. The immediate objective of the FAO's EAF-Nansen project is to provide fisheries research institutions and management administrations with additional knowledge on their ecosystems for their use in planning and monitoring and to further the acceptance of the key principles of the EAF; the GCLME project aims, inter alia, at recovery and sustenance of depleted fisheries and restoring degraded habitats.

The participants at the workshop noted the complementarities between the GCLME and EAF-Nansen projects. They remarked that it was critical that these two projects work together to avoid overlaps and to ensure effective synergies that would maximize benefits to the coastal countries, as well as improve the productive efficiency of both projects in achieving their respective objectives. The workshop expressed the view that the two projects could strengthen their working relationship through such instruments as a memorandum of understanding at agency (FAO and UNIDO) levels for collaboration between the two projects. Participants at the work

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shop recommend that:

The GCLME should take steps to strengthen collaboration with projects addressing ecosystem-based regional actions and in particular the FAO/NORAD EAF-NANSEN Project, with a view to avoiding duplication, create synergies and for cost-effectiveness.

1.7. Complete Work on the Harmonization of Legislation and Approaches to the Utilization of MCS-VMS Systems in the Sub region. In the past decade marine capture fisheries from the region stagnated, and most of the important demersal resources were either fully exploited or overexploited. At the same time, fishing effort is increasing and it is estimated that 500 trawlers are currently operating within the area. Several of the fleets are engaged in illegal, unreported and unregulated (IUU) fishing, resulting in a loss of about US $30 billion annually to the countries, not to mention the ecological, social and economic impacts of such activity. Many factors contribute to the prevalence of this phenomenon in the GCLME area, among them is weak governance and poor monitoring and enforcement systems - for example, Monitoring, Control and Surveillance (MCS) and Vehicle Monitoring Systems (VMS).

In January 2006, the GCLME Project and World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF) jointly organized in Accra, Ghana, a regional workshop on “Promoting Sustainable Fisheries Access Arrangements in the Guinea Current Large Marine Ecosystem Countries”. One of the positive outcomes of the workshop was the initiative taken by countries in Central Gulf of Guinea to harmonize their fisheries legislation and seek common approaches to improve on monitoring and enforcement of management measures and reduce the high rate of IUU fishing, estimated at over 40 per cent. The countries (Benin, Cameroon, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Nigeria, Sao Tome and Principe and Togo) have held three meetings, and with the help of FAO have harmonized their legislation. The countries, however, need assistance to meet and agree on the harmonized legislation and explore ways and means to collaborate in the use of their MCS-VMS systems, which many of the countries acquired following the 2006 GCLME/WWF workshop. Participants at the GCLME workshop on the formulation and implementation of fisheries management plans recommend that:

The GCLME Project should provide assistance to enable the completion of the process on the harmonization of legislation and common approaches to the utilization of MCS-VMS systems in the sub region, as this would contribute to better compliance and enforcement of management measures.

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1.8. Elaboration of Country-Specific Action PlansParticipants at the GCLME Regional Workshop on the Formulation and Implementation of Fisheries Management Plans (Douala, Cameroon, November 2009) developed management frameworks on shrimp fishery, on demersal fin fish fishery (Sciaenidae and Sparidae communities) as well as sub regional frameworks on the management of small pelagic fishery at sub regional levels (concerning 2-4 countries). These plans address transboundary issues. In order to operationalize these plans at national level, it was agreed that participants ensure the plans are validated by representatives of stakeholders and that a process for implementing the actions called for in these frameworks be elaborated, including a clear definition of the roles of the administration and stakeholders should be put in place. The participants at the workshop agreed that one of the most important elements in the process of operationalizing the management frameworks that emphasize transboundary issues was “Country Specific Action Plans”. The workshop recommends that:

Each country of the GCLME should develop and implement “Country-Specific Plans of Actions” to ensure the implementation, as appropriate, of the contents of the transboundary management frameworks developed at the workshop.

1.9. ConclusionAll the participants contributed actively to the outcome of the workshop. In their responses to the Evaluation Questionnaire of the workshop, they indicated that the organization, logistics and conduct of the workshop was very good. All indicated that the objectives of the workshop were met, and that the knowledge they had acquired would contribute to improving their output in their respective countries. Participants also emphasized the need to monitor the extent to which the outputs of the workshop were being used, and requested that due consideration be given to the recommendations coming from the workshop.

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Framework for Management of Sciaenidae and Sparidae Fishery Communities in the GCLME Region

2.1. Brief Description of the Fishery The marine fisheries in the Guinea Current Large Marine Ecosystem are exploited by both the artisanal and industrial fisheries. The fisheries resources are multi-species in nature and comprise both demersal and pelagic fish as assemblages. They are exploited by artisanal and industrial fishing fleets. One species/family that constitutes a high percentage in catch landings within the GCLME region is the Sciaenid family. It plays an important role in the socio-economic development of the fishermen and food security.

The Sciaenid family constitutes Pseudotolithus senegalensis, Pseudotolithus typus, and Pseudotolithus brachygnathus. These species are inshore demersal resources and largely distributed inshore and can occur in estuaries and brackish waters. They thrive in a wide-range of salinity. The species can easily grow to about 30 cm in total length, and lengths in excess of 40 cm have been found. The species has a shoaling behaviour and migrates along the shore. It is found in greatest abundances from August to November in most areas in the region.

They are exploited by demersal fish trawlers, and the shrimp trawlers take a large proportion of them as by-catch. In addition, these species are taken in a variety of artisanal fishing gear including ring nets, drift nets, beach seines, hook and line, etc., and it has been supporting an export oriented onshore processing outfit that exclusively targets croakers.

2.2. Purpose/Overall Objective“Sustainable management of the Sciaenidae and Sparidae fish stocks in the Guinea Current Large Marine Ecosystem”.

CHAPTER TWO

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2.3. Management ObjectivesØImprove status of the Sciaenid and Sparid fish stocks in the GCLME regionØEnhance ecosystem wellbeing of the regionØImprove the socio-economic welfare (livelihood) of the fisheries communitiesØEnhance fisheries governance.

2.4. Scope of Management FrameworkThis management framework will cover the Sparids (Pagrus caeruleostictus, Pagellus bellottii, Dentex angloensis, Dentex congoensis, Dentex canariensis, dentex macrophthalmus) and Sciaenids species (Pseudotolithus senegalensis, Pseudotolithus typus, Pseudotolithus brachygnathus) in the GCLME region. However, since the fisheries resources are multi-species in nature and are exploited by multi-gear, it is implied that the management plan will cover all demersal resources in the GCLME region.

2.5. Operation of Management FrameworkThe management framework will cover a period of two years, from January 2010 to December 2011, and it will be subjected to review by the authorized ministry of member countries, contingent on any major changes in the exploitation state of these fish resources. Relevant data generated from the data collection scheme will be analyzed by research institutes in the region and annual reports on the state of the resources and management regime will be produced by fisheries directors in the region. The annual reports would be shared or exchanged between fisheries institutions in the region.

2.6. Review of Management FrameworkThe management framework will be reviewed by fisheries institutions and research centres in the region. Review will be based on the performance indicators.

2.7. Key Policy DriversThe management framework will be consistent with guiding principles for the sustainable exploitation and development of the resources such as the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization's (FAO) Code of Conduct for Responsible Fisheries, Ecosystem Approach to Fisheries Management; the Plan of Implementation of the World Summit on Sustainable Approach to Fisheries and the Precautionary Approach.

2.8. RationaleThe Sparid family, which constitutes Pagrus caeruleostictus, Pagellus bellottii, Dentex angloensis, Dentex congoensis, Dentex canariensis, Dentex macrophthalmus, form an important element in the demersal catch landings in the GCLME region. Most of them

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spawn in coastal areas and spend their adult lives in deep waters. Some are multiple spawners. It is a high-valued export species, most of which are deep water dwellers and are largely exploited by industrial fishing vessels and hook and line artisanal fisheries using powered motorized craft, with insulated boxes. The bulk of the species is caught as by-catch in the shrimp fishery in the region.

Unlike the Sparids that mostly live in deep waters, the Sciaenid family, which comprises Pseudotolithus senegalensis, Pseudotolithus typus, Pseudotolithus brachygnathus, are found exclusively in inshore coastal waters. They are commercially exploited by both artisanal and industrial fisheries subsectors in the inshore areas and form a critical portion of the demersal catch landings in the GCLME region. The bulk of the species are also caught as by-catch in the shrimp fishery in the region, and over the last 20 years the juvenile mortality of these species has been increasing as a result of increase in the by-catch rate in the shrimp fishery. In addition, this situation is aggravated by the indiscriminate use of destructive fishing methods and illegal fishing mesh in spawning and nursery areas by artisanal and industrial fisheries. Furthermore, the removal of mangrove vegetation for fish smoking, boat building, etc., has degraded spawning and nursery habitats, thereby causing possible stock recruitment failure or disturbance is stock recruitment. The excessive exploitation of these species as a result of effort pressure and desire to catch fish has considerably increased the fishing mortality over the years. The Sparid species/family of fishes constitutes high percentage in catch landings within the GCLME region and plays an important role in the socio-economic development of the fishers and food security.

Recent estimates by the CECAF Scientific Sub-Committee on the basis of work undertaken by the CECAF Scientific Sub-Committee Demersal Working Group (South) have indicated that both the Sciaenidae and Sparidae species are either fully exploited or overexploited in the region.

In view of the above, and considering the importance of the sciaenid and Sparids stock to the sustainable economic development and the ecosystem well-being of this region, it is necessary to develop a management framework with a view to restoring the stock and the ecosystem integrity of the region, hence the proposed management framework.

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ACTIONS PERFORMANCE INDICATORS PARTICIPANTS TIMELINE

Objective 1: Improve the status of the Sciaenid and Sparid stocks in the GCLME region

1. Reduction of the fishing effort. a. Moratorium on new licenses. Ministry of Fisheries/Environment, maritime transport administration. The Navy, research Insztitutes.

Begins in January 2010 and throughout the plan and beyond.

b. Reduction of fishing vessels licensed (5%). January 2010 and throughout the plan and

beyond. c. Restriction of vessel sizes limitation (TGB). Throughout the plan and

beyond. 2. Reduction of by-catch and discards. Reduction by 20% during the life of the management plan

reduction of by-catch rate from 75% to 60%. Research institutes, Ministry of Fisheries (Fisheries Observers), the

Navy and appropriate NGOs.

March 2010 andthroughout the plan and

beyond.

3. Control mesh size regulations.

a. Decreased number of fishing gears with inappropriate mesh sizes by 10%.

Ministry of Fisheries/Environment, maritime transport administration. The Navy/ fishers organizations.

Throughout the plan and beyond.

b. Increase in the average size of fish landed.

4. Prohibition of fishing in spawning areas.

Reduction in incidences of infraction reduced by 10% and reduction in the use of trawl gears in spawning and nursery area by 5%.

Ministry of Fisheries/Environment, Navy/ fishers organizations.

Throughout the plan and beyond.

5. Enforcement of landing obligation in authorized landing sites and ports.

Increase use of designated landing sites and fishing ports. Ministry of Fisheries/Environment, Navy, custom officers

Throughout the plan and beyond.

Objective 2: Enhance ecosystem wellbeing in the region

1. Reduce pressure on mangrove and other fragile habitats spawning and nursery areas.

a. Reduce exploitation pressure on mangrove by 5%. Ministry of Fisheries/Environment, Navy/ fishers organizations.

Throughout the plan and beyond.

b. Reduction in the use trawl gears in spawning and

nursery area by 5%.

2. Creation of the marine protected area. a. Initiate the process of establishing of at least one (1) MPA in each country.

Ministry ofFisheries/Environment/Forestry, Navy, fishermen organizations, research institutes, NGO/INGOs.

March 2010 andthroughout the plan and beyond.

3. Reduce land-based pollution. a. Decrease in the levels of pollutants in coastal water by

5%.

Ministry of Fisheries/Environment,

fishermen organizations, research institutes/CECAF, industries, SRFC, COREP, FCWC, GCLME, rural development, NGO/INGOs.

Throughout the plan and

beyond.

Objective 3: Improve the livelihoods of fisheries communities

1. Create alternative livelihoods by

facilitating access to credit.

a. Increase in the number of microcredit projects granted. Other line ministries, socio-

professional organizations, financial institutions, SRFC, COREP, FCWC, and GCLME NGO/INGOs.

May 2010 and

throughout the plan and beyond.

2. Improve social infrastructure and service delivery.

a. At least 1 school and 1 hospital built in coastal zone.

Other line ministries, socio-professional organizations, financial institutions, SRFC, COREP, FCWC, and

GCLME NGO/INGOs.

May 2010 andthroughout the plan and beyond.

b. Increase in the number appropriate infrastructures for fisheries development.

May 2010 andthroughout the plan and

beyond. c. Increase access to potable water. May 2010 and

throughout the plan and beyond.

d. Number of school children attending 30%.

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Objective 4: Enhance fisheries governance issues.

1. Stakeholders consultation In the establishment and the implementation of the fishery management plan (co-management).

a. Number of stakeholders involved in decision- making. Ministry of Fisheries/Environment/ Hydrocarbons, fishermen organizations, research institutes/CECAF, industries, SRFC, COREP, FCWC, GCLME NGO/INGOs.

January 2010 and throughout the plan and beyond.

b. Number of consultative meetings held with the stakeholders.

January 2010 and throughout the plan and beyond.

c. Increase the number of fishers using responsible fishing by 20 %.

January 2010 and throughout the plan and

beyond. 2. Regional and sub regional collaboration in sustainable resources

management.

a. Number of regional and sub regional problems solved through collaboration between countries.

Ministry of Fisheries/Environment, fishermen organizations, research

institutes/CECAF, SRFC, COREP, FCWC, GCLME NGO/INGOs and international agencies.

January 2010 and throughout the plan and

beyond.

b. Number of attendance of member countries in regional and sub regional meetings, conferences, training workshops increasing by 50%.

Throughout the plan and beyond.

c. Number of data sharing among member countries increase by 20%.

Throughout the plan and beyond.

3. Create and promote existing socio-professional organizations.

a. At least 1 organization established in respective. Ministry of Fisheries/Environment, fishermen organizations/ fishing communities, research institutes/CECAF, SRFC, COREP, FCWC, GCLME NGO/INGOs and

International agencies.

Throughout the plan and beyond.

2.9. CONCLUSIONThis management framework addresses transboundary issues. Countries are expected to operationalize the framework, first by ensuring that it is validated by stakeholders at national level; and secondly by elaborating “Country Specific Action Plans” to give effect to the contents of the management framework.

20

Framework for Management of Shrimp Fishery in the GCLME Region

3.1. Description of Shrimp Fisheries in the GCLME RegionShrimps are caught in the shallow and deep waters by artisanal and shrimp trawlers respectively. Main shrimp caught in the GCLME region are Panaeus monodon, P. kerathurus, P. notialis and P. atlantica, Parapenaeus longirostris and Aristeus varidens. The Scientific Sub-Committee of the FAO Fishery Committee for the East Central Atlantic (CECAF) at its fifth session in December 2007 reported that the main shrimp stocks in the region were either fully exploited or overexploited. Representatives of member countries of the GCLME region, at their November 2009 workshop in Douala, Cameroon, on the formulation and implementation of fisheries management plans, confirmed that shrimp production in their respective countries was decreasing both in quantity and quality, further evidence that the shrimp resources were being overexploited. In Angola, catches of deep sea shrimps were estimated at 6,000 MT in 1990 but the catches have since been erratic and showing a general decline. Shrimp trawlers are producing more by-catches and discards and the fishery is reported to be collapsing in some countries. In Ghana, for example, more than 90 per cent of production is by-catch. In Sierra Leone industrial fishery shrimp production has been stagnant around 1,400 MT annually.

The shrimp fishery is subjected to excessive pressure particularly by illegal, unreported and unregulated (IUU) fishing, although there are signs fishing capacity by GCLME countries is reducing. In Angola the fleet comprised 43 trawlers in 2003 but dropped to 35 in 2008, while in Ghana it has dropped from a high of 13 vessels in 1997 to only 2 in 2008. In Sierra Leone, the number of licensed shrimp trawlers have declined from a peak of 84 in 1980's to 24 in 2007.

Another characteristic of the fishery is the infringement of regulations pertaining to fishing grounds. In many countries shrimp trawlers are expected to operate beyond

CHAPTER THREE

21

30 m depth but this is hardly respected; resulting in conflicts with the artisanal fisheries sector, destruction of sensitive habitats and high by-catch rates. Furthermore, fishery policy decisions in some countries, for example Angola, through a bilateral fishing agreement with the European Union, adversely affected the fishery. The agreement has now been suspended.

3.2. Purpose/Overall ObjectiveSustainable exploitation of the shrimp resources while conserving biodiversity

3.3. Management ObjectivevReduce volume of by-catch

vPreserve habitat and environment

vImprove quality and quantity of catch

3.4. Scope of Management FrameworkThis management framework will cover Panaeus monodon, P. kerathurus, P. notialis and P. atlantica, Parapenaeus longirostris and Aristeus varidens in the GCLME region. However, since the fisheries resources are multi-species in nature and are exploited by multi-gear, it is implied that in implementing this framework countries will take into account associated fisheries in the shrimp fishery. The principal shrimp producing countries in the region are Angola, Cameroon, Gabon, Ghana, Guinea, Nigeria and Sierra Leone. These are the partner countries in the implementation of this framework.

3.5. Operation of Management FrameworkThe management framework will cover a period of two years from, January 2010 to December 2011, and will be subjected to review by the authorized ministry of member countries, contingent on any major changes in the exploitation state of these fish resources. Relevant data generated from the data collection scheme will be analyzed by research institutes in the region and an annual report on the state of the resources and management regime will be produced by fisheries directors in the region. The annual reports would be shared or exchanged between fisheries institutions in the region.

3.6. Review of Management FrameworkThe management framework will be reviewed by fisheries institutions and research centres in the region. Review will be based on the performance indicators.

3.7. Key Policy DriversThe main goals of the LMEs projects are the recovery of the dwindling resources in the

22

region and to support member countries to take necessary actions towards their recovery. The outcomes of this management framework will contribute to these goals in connection with shrimp fishery in the major shrimp producing countries (Angola, Cameroon, Gabon, Ghana, Guinea, Nigeria and Sierra Leone) of GCLME. It also aims to achieve outcomes that are consistent with broader government objectives for the management of marine living resources with a view to meeting the objectives of the 2002 Johannesburg Plan of Implementation of the World Summit on Sustainable Development, in particular the rebuilding of fish stocks and the application of the Ecosystem-Based Fisheries Management principle. In this respect, other key policy drivers for the management framework are the FAO Code of Conduct for Responsible Fisheries, Ecological Sustainable Development, the Precautionary Approach, and Integrated Management.

3.8. Rationale The shrimp fishery of which the main species are Penaeus monodon; Penaeus notialis; Penaeus Kerathurus; Parapeneopsis atlantic and Aristeus varidens, Parapenaeus longirostris (the two latter are deep sea species), plays a pivotal role in the economic development of several countries in the GCLME region. However, the fishery has major ecological and human issues such as high by-catch rates of high-valued fin fish species, including juveniles and habitat degradation by trawl gear. In addition, limited knowledge concerning stock status and removal of large predators, leading to trophic cascades and distortion in ecosystem functioning, as well as competition and conflicts among artisanal and industrial fisheries, are major problems that countries need to tackle. The Fishery Committee for the Eastern Central Atlantic (CECAF) Scientific Sub-Committee reports that all the important shrimp fisheries in the GCLME area are either fully exploited or overexploited. From 2002 to 2008, FAO conducted a worldwide project to deal with issues and constraints in shrimp fishery and, in the process, introduced selective devices such as By-catch Reduction Devices (BRDs) and Turtle Excluding Devices (TED). Two GCLME countries - Cameroon and Nigeria - were partners with FAO in that project.

In view of the present precarious state of the fishery, as well as the ecological, biodiversity and economic importance of shrimp fishery, countries of the GCLME region desirous of rebuilding shrimp fishery stocks have developed the following framework for the sustainable exploitation of the shrimp fishery while conserving biodiversity.

23

Shrimp Fishery in GCLME Region (Log Frame)Objective # 1 Reduce volume of by-catch

Actions Performance Indicators

Participants Reference Points Decision Rules

Introduction ofselective devices in the fisheries.

Reduced volume and composition of by-catch anddiscards by 15%.

Reduced percent of by-catch to total catch (75% to 60%).

Fisheries Department, research institutes,

regional fisheries bodies such as COREP.

Current shrimp production as baseline data.

Current volume of by-catch. Establish current biomass.

Compulsory use of the BRD byshrimp

trawlers within aspecific time frame (maximum

2 years). Regulation of cod end mesh size

(at least50mm).

Set up the observer programme.

Mapping of the fishing grounds. No landing of juveniles shrimps.

Fisheries departments, Navy (Portauthorities, Marine Police,

operators).

Determine percent fleet for implementation in Nigeria, Cameroon,

Gabon, Ghana, Sierra Leone (5%) and training for Angola.

Compulsory observers on selected boats (at least 25%

coverage).

Provide alternative means of livelihood by introduction of other profitable

occupation.

Some operators involved incollection of shells, exportation of sea

cucumbers, etc. Reduced number of licensed shrimp trawlers.

Reduced pressure on shrimp stocks.

Fisheries Department, NGOs, Ministry of Employment,

research institutes, financial institutions, banks.

Start inJanuary 2010 and continue

through life of Plan.

24

Objective # 2 Preserve habitat and environment

Identification ofMarine ProtectedAreas (MPAs) and regulate.

Number of MPAs created (at least one year in each country).

Research institutes, regulatory body, Ministry ofEnvironment, NGOs

and civil society organizations.

Established minimum size of individual species of shrimp (each

country.

Compulsory use of the BRD by the shrimp

trawlers within aspecific time frame (maximum 2

years).

Identification offishing grounds for licensing purposes.

Area for MPAsestablished.

Research institute, regulatory body, Ministry ofEnvironment, NGOs and civil society

organizations.

October 2010

Identification of

breeding grounds and seasons for closure.

Closed area and

closed seasonestablished.

Research institutes

and Fisheries Department.

October

2010

Introduction ofselective devices in the fisheries.

Number of vessels having selectivedevices.

Research institute and Fisheries Department.

Regulation of cod endmesh size (at least 50mm).

Enforcement ofregulations and

penalties.

Reduction of by-catch

Increase in biomass and shrimp production.

Fisheries Department, Navy,

Marine Police and the law courts.

Regulation of cod end

mesh size (at least 50mm).

Improvement ofMonitoring Control and Surveillance(MCS) programme (all

countries.

Increase in quality of shrimp Improvement in the

control of fishers.

Fisheries Department, sponsors, Navy, Marine Police,

artisanal fishers.

Compulsory observer on selected boats (at

least 25%coverage).

Sensitization of stake holders onenvironmental issues and resource control.

Four sensitizationfora for stakeholders organized in a year. Ease in enforcement

of regulations.

Fisheries Department, NGOs, CSOs.

Start January 2010 andcontinue through life of Plan.

25

Objective # 3 Improve quality and quantity of catch

Determination of abundance (biomass), fishing effort and

regulations.

Increase in biomass and shrimp production.

Research institutes, Fisheries Department, legal

and legislativebodies.

Established minimum size of individual species of

shrimp (each country).

Compulsory use of the BRD by the shrimptrawlers within

a specif ic time frame (maximum 2years).

Carry out observer programme

(Determine % fleet for implementation) - Nigeria, Cameroon, Gabon, Ghana (5%)

and Angola(training).

Reduced volume and composition of

by-catch and discards. Increase in quality (size) of shrimp.

Reduced % of by-catch to total catch (75% to 60%).

Fisheries/ surveillance

departments (Navy, PortAuthorities, marine police, emigration).

Established current

biomass. Established fishing effort.

Compulsory observer on

selected boats (at least 25% coverage. Determination

of capacities of shrimp vessels (maximum 300 GRT).

Identification offishing grounds for licensing purposes.

Closed area and closed seasonestablished.

Research institutes and Fisheries

Department.

October 2010

Identification of

breeding grounds and seasons for closure.

Research institute

and Fisheries Department.

October 2010

Improvement of Monitoring Control and Surveillance (MCS) programme (all countries).

Reduced % of by-catch to total catch (75% to 60%). Increase in quality

(size) of shrimp.

Fisheries/ surveillance departments (Navy, Portauthorities,

Marine Police).

October 2010

Introduction ofselective devices in the fisheries

Reduced volume and composition of by-catch and discards. Increase in quality

(size) of shrimp. Reduced % of by-catch to total catch (75% to 60%).

Fisheries/ surveillance departments (Navy, portauthorities, Marine Police.

May 2010

26

3.9. ConclusionThis management framework addresses transboundary issues. Countries are encouraged to take steps to operationalize the framework by having stakeholders of the sector validate its contents. Countries should also develop “Country Specific Action Plans” on shrimp fishery.

As expressed by participants at the workshop, the GCLME project should explore the possibility of assisting the countries concerned in implementing this framework through the facilitation of working group meetings of the principal shrimp producing countries (Recommendation #1 of the GCLME Regional Workshop on the Formulation and Implementation of Fisheries Management Plans).

27

Management Framework for Small Pelagic fishery of Central Gulf of Guinea

4.1. Description of the FisheryPelagic stocks such as Sardinella manderensis, S. aurita, Ethmalosa fimbriata, and Illisha africana are transboundary species between Nigeria, Cameroon, Equatorial Guinea, Sao Tome and Principe, making their sustainable management by individual countries difficult. These pelagic stocks in the sub region are fully exploited due to excessive fishing pressures as well as destruction of the resources through pollution; degradation of habitats; use of destructive fishing gear and methods; non-compliance to regulations; absence of management plans; and poor synergy between key actors.

Catch figures with respect to the area in question (Central Gulf of Guinea) provides the following estimates for the three species: 32,842 MT for S. manderensis, 3,745 MT for S. aurita, and 57,032 MT for E. fimbriata. These stocks contribute significantly to national food and nutrition security; as well as employment and wealth creation, especially the poor fisher community. The fishers targeting these species live in remote and poor environments, and constitute the vulnerable segment of the population and are generally migrants. It is estimated that 1.8 million persons are involved in this fishery. The total fishing effort is estimated at 10,000 canoes for Sao Tome and Cameroon.

There is no concerted or joint effort for the sustainable management of these resources. Furthermore, whereas there is better knowledge of the demersal fin fish resources through regular stock assessments, our understanding of the pelagic species, especially in the inshore area between 0-20m depths, is very limited because stock assessments have not generally been undertaken in this zone due to the lack of appropriate research vessels. The resources could, therefore, inadvertently be depleted.

CHAPTER FOUR

26

4.2. Overall ObjectiveSustainable management of the pelagic stocks within the coastal region of Central Gulf of Guinea (Cameroon, Equatorial Guinea, Nigeria and Sao Tome and Principe).

4.3. Specific Management Objectives§Improve knowledge of the state of the resources§Maximize benefits to the four countries through improved management of

the small pelagic fishery§Strengthen cooperation in the management of the small pelagic fishery in

Central Gulf of Guinea

4.4. Scope of Management FrameworkThe small pelagic fishery of Central Gulf of Guinea is exploited principally by artisanal (small-scale) harvesters. The principal species in the context of this management framework are: Sardinella manderensis, S. aurita, Ethmalosa fimbriata, Illisha Africana

4.5. Operation of Management FrameworkThis management framework shall be implemented for two years (January 2010 through December 2011) inclusive, subject to annual reviews and amendments that are considered necessary by the competent authorities of the four countries, partners to this framework. Relevant data generated from the data collection scheme will be analyzed by research institutes in the region and an annual report on the states of the resources and management regime will be produced by the directors of fisheries in the respective countries. The annual reports are to be shared or exchanged among fisheries institutions in the region.

4.6. Review of Management FrameworkThe management framework will be reviewed by fisheries institutions and research centres in the sub region. Review will be based on the performance indicators.

4.7. Key DriversKey drivers identified for the development and implementation of this management framework include: the FAO Code of Conduct for Responsible Fisheries, the Precautionary Approach, the Ecosystem Approach to Fisheries, Ecological Sustainable Development, the Plan of Implementation of the World Summit on Sustainable Development 2002, and Integrated Coastal Zone Management.

4.8. Strategies§Conduct stock assessment of the pelagic resources

29

§Develop a management framework for each resource§Make better use of the CECAF Scientific Sub-Committee working groups §Strengthen the capacities and capability of research Institutes§Strengthen collaboration between fisheries research institutes and fisheries

administrations§Use already established organizations such as COREP and FCWC to facilitate

the implementation of joint management measures§Develop appropriate system of fisheries statistics and data collection and set

up joint database §Jointly fund the convention for the harmonization of interventions and

procedures on Monitoring, Control and Surveillance/Vessel Monitoring Systems

§Take joint action for the improvement of the livelihood of fisher folk§Set up appropriate actions for the restoration and protection of degraded

areas§Jointly implement the management action plan

4.9. Special ConsiderationsThis management framework involves fisheries research, management and governance. The following specific activities are considered essential for the successful outcome of the framework: vConduct of stock assessment once a yearvOrganize two technical/scientific meetings a year, which could be virtual

meetingsvOrganize management meetings once a year, in the fringes of COREP annual

meetingsvRe-evaluate the management framework at least once a year

30

4.9.1. Presentation of the Management FrameworkFisheries Research Component

Actions

Performance Indicators

Participants Timeline

1) Conduct

stock assessment of the

pelagic stocks.

Number of stock

assessment andresults.

• Fisheries

research Institutes

• Fisheries

Department • National

Institute ofStatistics

Two surveys /year

(Jan-March. & July- Aug.) 2011.

2) Strengthen

the capacities and

capability of research

Institutes and coastal

surveillance units.

• Number ofstaff trained

• Increase in the number of researchers

• Number of relevant

equipments acquired

• Fisheries research

institutes • Trainers

Training in specific subject areas from

April 2010 and ongoing.

Table 2: Fisheries Management Component

Performance Indicators

Participants Timeline

Develop a management

framework for each

resource.

Framework developed

for every fishery.

• Fisheries Department

• Fisheries research

institutes • Operators

• NGOs, civilsociety organization

• Processors • COREP, FCWC

January 2010

31

Use already established

organizations such asCOREP and

FCWC toimplement

joint management

measures.

• Number ofjoint meetings

organized • Reports of the

meetings

• Resolutions and decisions

on management

• COREP, FCWC • Ministers

• Directors offisheries and research

institutes

Start with annual meeting of bodies in

2010.

Develop and

harmonize fisheries Statistics and

data collection;

and set up joint

database.

Base line data

developed, Joint database developed.

Number of published

statistical data.

Number of collectors

trained.

• Fisheries

Department • Statistician • Researcher

• Fisheries agents and

Stakeholders.

Start May 2010 and

ongoing.

Jointly fund the

convention for theharmonizatio

n of the interventions

and procedures on

Monitoring, Control and

Surveillance/Vessel Monitoring

Systems.

• Number ofdata

exchanged • Establishment

of VMS

• Number oftrained

surveillance officers

• Number of

poachers arrested

• Number ofpenalties and payments.

• Fisheries Department

• Fisheries MCS units

• Navy

• Marine Police • Operator

organization • Fisheries NGOs,

civil society

organizations,

March 2010.

Annual funding and

actions on quarterly basis.

32

Take joint action for

the improvement of the

livelihood of fisheries

communities.

• Number oflanding sites,

jetties, schools, hospitals, fish

markets • Number of

credit schemes established

• Number oftraining

workshops organized

• Number ofcommunity-based

surveillance committees

established

• Fisheries Department

• Ministries of works andhousing,

environment • Ports Authority

as well as other line ministries

as appropriate

Start in March 2011 and ongoing.

Set upappropriate

actions for the restoration

and protection of

degraded areas.

• Number ofdegraded

areas identified

• Number of

areas under restoration

• Number ofsensitization

meetings • Number of

alternative

energy sources

developed • Number of

ovens

developed

• Fisheries Department

• Ministries of environment

• Scientist and

research institutes

• Fishing communities

and organizations.

Start in November 2010 and ongoing.

33

Governance Component

Jointly implement

the management

framework.

• Designation of national focal

point • Number of

coordination meetings

• Activity and Evaluation reports

• Improvement of stocks

• Fisheries Department

• Research institutes

• Ministries ofenvironment,

Finance • Operators • Fishermen

• Fisheries NGOs • Port Authorities

• Navy, Marine Police

Start January 2010-

4.9.2. Conclusions and RecommendationsIn view of the fact that this management framework addresses transboundary issues and has not been developed with inputs from other stakeholders of the sector, it is essential to have its contents validated at national level by the appropriate stakeholders. Countries should also endeavour to develop “Country Specific Action Plans” to operationalize the management framework, effectively.

Participants at the GCLME workshop on the formulation and implementation of

fisheries management plans in November 2009 recommended (Recommendation

#6) that the GCLME project should provide assistance to enable the completion of

the process on the harmonization of legislation and common approaches to the

utilization of MCS-VMS systems in the sub region, as this would contribute to better

compliance and enforcement of management measures and the preservation of

the environment.

34

Action Plan for Conservation and Management of Shared Sardinella Resources of Angola, Congo Republic, Congo DR and Gabon

5.1. Description of the FisheriesThe Sardinella species (Sardinella maderensis and Sardinella aurita) are important commercial and artisanal fisheries in Angola, the Democratic Republic of Congo, the Republic of Congo and Gabon. These species together with other small pelagic fisheries are important sources of employment, income and food security for thousands of fishers and their dependents as well as many other inhabitants in the sub region and beyond. All the known coastal habitats are utilized by the small pelagic species including the Sardinella and some of the species are known to occupy more than one of the habitats for part of their life history. Some of these habitats are threatened by land-based pollution, by oil spills, by urbanization and by mangrove deforestation.

Results from several studies indicate that these resources are distributed throughout the southern sub region of Guinea Current Large Marine Ecosystem (GCLME). The studies also show that the main spawning/breeding grounds are off southern Gabon (in Mayumba) and sometimes in Congo; and that the fish move south to grow in Angolan waters and are, indeed, transboundary shared stocks. Although commercial catch information is available, such data from artisanal fisheries are sparse. Total catches are around 400,000 MT, while the total estimated biomass is about 600,000 MT. Assessments of the Sardinellas indicate that the resources are underexploited. However, there is need for caution if the fishery is to be developed, particularly in view of the uncertainty about the magnitude of catches taken by artisanal fisheries. The artisanal fishery sector is a virtual open access, resulting in excessive effort over the years.

Among the four countries, Angola has the more elaborate structure for the

CHAPTER FIVE

35

administration of its fisheries. However, the other three have in place fisheries laws and regulations to ensure the sustainable management of their fisheries. These regulations are generally ignored, in part because of ineffective enforcement. Angola and Gabon are progressing in monitoring and implementing effective management for some for these important species.

5.2. PurposeSustainable exploitation of the shared small pelagic stocks while conserving biodiversity in order to:Avoid overfishing and the possible collapse of the fishery, and provide a foundation for an ecosystem-based management of the fishery.

5.3. Specific Objectives•Increase knowledge and understanding of the fishery

•Enhance the governance of the Sardinella fishery

•Minimize the impacts of fishing operations on the fisheries habitats and the ecosystem

•Improve decision-making in relation to management of the Sardinella fishery through effective information and communication network

5.4. Scope of Management FrameworkThe Action Plan for the shared small pelagic in the sub region of the south involves Sardinella maderensis and Sardinella aurita. The Plan emphasizes improving fisheries research, fisheries management and institutional arrangements.

5.5. Operation of Management FrameworkThe Action Plan will cover the period January 2010 through December 2011. In order to operationalize the Plan, its contents will be validated by stakeholders in each of the partner countries. Each partner to this framework will develop “Country Specific Action Plans” to facilitate the implementation of this cooperative sub regional plan. The Action Plan will be subjected to review, at least once yearly, by the authorized ministry of member countries, contingent on any major changes in the exploitation state of these fisheries resources. Relevant data generated from the data collection scheme will be analyzed by research institutes in the region and an annual report on the state of the resources and management regime will be produced by fisheries directors in the respective countries. The annual reports are exchanged between fisheries institutions in the region.

5.6. Review of Management FrameworkThe Action Plan will be reviewed by fisheries institutions and research centres in the

36

sub region. The review will be based on the performance indicators.

5.7. Key Policy DriverThe management framework will be consistent with guiding principles for the sustainable exploitation and development of the resources such as the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) Code of Conduct for Responsible Fisheries, the Ecosystem Approach to Fisheries Management, and the Plan of Implementation of the 2002 World Summit for Sustainable Development, Integrated Coastal Zone Management, and Precautionary Approach.

5.8. RationaleDuring the past decade the four countries have taken steps to enhance cooperation, improve their knowledge and exchange experience with regards the Sardinella fishery. Examples of such activities include workshops organized under the auspices of FAO in 1997 and by the United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO)/GCLME in 2006, as well as participation in activities of the R/V DR. Fridtjof Nansen Research Programme on surveys of the fishery resources of Eastern Gulf of Guinea. Following the 2006 workshop, it became apparent that the countries needed to work more closely to attend to some of the important recommendations taken at the workshop, and to cooperation in generating timely and reliable scientific information and data in support of management. The countries also needed to establish an institutional arrangement to facilitate the sharing of knowledge and experience among the countries and to agree on processes to enhance the governance of the fishery, including effective compliance and enforcement apparatus. Consequently, at the 2nd UNIDO/GCLME sponsored workshop held in Luanda, Angola, 5-7 September 2007, the participants agreed to elaborate an Action Plan that would serve as a road map to move the fishery forward on agreed schedule of shared responsibilities among the participating States, and stakeholders within each State. At the GCLME regional workshop on the formulation and implementation of fisheries management plans in the GCLME area, at Douala, Cameroon, 2-7 November 2009, representatives of the four concerned countries updated the Action Plan.

The Sardinella resources are transboundary stocks and makes significant socio-economic contributions to these countries. The countries will be losing very important opportunities, now and in the future, in terms of overfishing and the possible collapse of the fishery, if they fail to manage these stocks jointly and, indeed, the fisheries under their national jurisdictions.

37

5.9. Log Frame for Management of Sardinella Stocks of the South Strategy 1: Fisheries ResearchTake all reasonable steps to increase knowledge and understanding of the fishery,

and minimize impacts of fishing operations on fishing habitats and ecosystem.

ACTIONS PERFORMANCE INDICATORS

PARTICIPANTS TIMELINE

1. Synthesize and evaluate

available literature and data on the shared Sardinella

resources.

Benchmark

document on the status of the

resources.

Scientist,

managers andNGOs.

March - July 2010.

2. Collect catch and effort statistics (artisanal, semi-

industrial and industrial).

Reports and fish journal with data

collected.

Research andfisheries

administration

staff as well as stakeholders of all

countries.

Initiate action in march 2010 in the

Congo Rep,

strengthened in Gabon and DRC

and continuing

and improving in Angola.

3. Implement biological

sampling system on fish

landing sites (selection of fish landing sites).

Sampling results

(gonadosomatic

index, lengthfrequency of the

catches, age of first maturity,

content stomach).

Researchers with

involvement of

appropriate stakeholders.

Initiate action in

march 2010 in the

Congo Rep and Gabon,

strengthened in DRC and

continuing and

improving inAngola.

4. Establish a functioning

database in each country.

Artfish software

working in each

country.

Statisticians under

research

institution (Angola) and

administration

(Gabon, CongoRep and DRC).

July 2010

5. Undertake/participate in

annual transboundary cruises (survey design for the sub

region).

R/V Fridtjof

Nansen reportavailable under

EAF-Nansen

project andGCLME.

Researchers from

the four countries.

Second semester

of each year.

38

Comments: The research priorities are oriented around the most compelling issues. These priorities, each with equal weight, focus on understanding critical processes in the fishery. It is hoped that applying the outcome of the knowledge would contribute to the effective management of the fishery and better stewardship and responsible resource use.

Strategy 2: Fisheries ManagementTake all reasonable steps to enhance the governance of the Sardinella fishery and

ensure the resources are managed in a responsible manner.

ACTIONS PERFORMANCE INDICATORS

PARTICIPANTS TIMELINE

1. Exchange information on the fleet authorized to trawl for pelagic fish in

the four countries.

Vessel registration

databank

available in all four countries.

Fisheries directorate

March 2010

2. Strengthen cooperation among

Countries with regard MCS (use of VMS, vessel registers, at sea checks of vessels,

logs and catch by patrol, Observers on

board, port inspections, exchange of information, etc).

MCS system

working in the countries

(control boats,

VMS).

Personnel of MCS

units (Maritime force in DR Congo,

Congo and

Gabon), andsurveillance

directorate

technicians inAngola.

Initiate action

in 2010; to be operational

by July 2012.

3. Harmonization of fisheries

regulations (prevent excessive

increasing of fishing vessels in the sub region).

Regulations and

international

conventions applied, and no

significant

increase of the fleet in the

countries.

Fisheries

administration

staff withparticipation of

researchers and

other stakeholders.

Initiate

discussion in

September 2010.

Completion by 2012.

4. Exchange views and information on

fishing access agreements targeting pelagic resources based on the results

of IGCC/WWF workshop.

Availability of

fishing agreements,

IGCC/WWF

workshop report and other

regulations

shared among countries.

Fisheries

directorate staff with involvement

of research and

stakeholders.

Long-term

activity that should start in

2010 with

concrete results by

2012.

39

Comments:The current management regime is not up to the challenge of administering the resources. Management of resources is uncoordinated and not comprehensive, compliance and enforcement is ineffective, in part because of the isolated nature in which the various management systems have been developed in the respective countries. Implementation of the above priority actions would lay the foundation for an effective and coordinated management of the fisheries.

Strategy 3: Institutional Arrangements Take steps to put in place a cooperative management arrangement and improve

decision-making in relation to management of the Sardinella fishery through an

effective information and communication network.

5. Cooperate in preventing activities that undermine efforts for sustainable management of shared stocks (Implement the appropriate provisions of IPOA-IUU).

Progress reports of cooperation.

Fisheries administration, research institutions and industrial sector.

Long-term activity that should start in 2010 withconcrete results by2012.

6. Utilize COREP as coordinating committee of Sardinella andcommunicate this to IGCC Secretariat.

COREP workshop report.

Minister offisheries in each country.

2010

7. Promote minimizing impacts of fishing operations on fisheries habitats by using ecosystem approach to fisheries.

Decrease inmangroves exploitation.

• Fisheries administration

• Research institution

• MCS staff in each of the four countries

Ongoing, long-term activity, start in 2010.

40

ACTIONS PERFORMANCE INDICATORS

PARTICIPANTS TIMELINE

1. Establish national focal point (NFP) for Sardinella under CECAF scientific

subcommittee working group for the south.

NFPs appointed

Research and fisheries

directors.

April 2010

2. Strengthen linkages between finance and fisheries as well as

environment institutions.

Progress reports by each country

at CECAF and COREP.

Directors of fisheries and of research in each

country.

Ongoing with first

report at the CECAF and

COREP.

3. Promote effective involvement of stakeholders in marine stewardship.

Reports at CECAF and COREP on

participation of stakeholders in

activities.

Directors of fisheries and of research in each

country.

Ongoing; first

reporting at theCECAF and

COREP.

4. Improve capacity-building in the fisheries sector (training of research

staff and fisheries managers, MCS staff, organization of workshops and seminars on emerging issues, etc)

Reports by NFP at CECAF.

NFPs in closecollaboration with the

directors of fisheries and of research

Ongoing

5. Adoption of sub regional

management measures based on activities of CECAF scientific working

group (JSWG) for the south.

Progress reports

of COREP.

Ministers First

measures adopted in

2010.

6. Establish the sub regional

cooperative management forimplementation decisions of COREP on

shared Sardinella resources.

Progress Report

at COREP.

Directors of fisheries

with activeinvolvement of NFPs

Initiate

discussion in 2008

put inplace with first

meeting in 2009.

7. Create a website for the cooperative

management of shared Sardinella resources in the sub region.

Discussed at next

meeting of Group and lead person

appointed.

Lead person and NFPs. By end of

2010.

41

Comments: Decision-makers are hampered by a lack of science-based information to help them manage the fishery. It is foreseen that sound science will enable the JSWG to translate the results, effectively, in ways that are useful to resource managers, policymakers, and the general public. In addition, the increased trust and cooperation between the countries, through the activities of the Joint Scientific Working Group, the Management Coordination Committee, when established, and the effective participation of other stakeholders, should result in a greater sense of stewardship in the public and translate research results into effective decision-making tools for management.

5.9.1 ConclusionThe four countries have in place fisheries laws and regulations as well as structured fisheries administrations and research institutions, particularly in Angola and Congo Republic. This Action Plan is about action and making demonstrable progress in the management of their fisheries, particularly the transboundary Sardinella fishery. The Plan provides a coordinated leadership through the CMA, emphasizes the need for good science and is forward-looking, recognizing the value of advancing partnerships across governments and stakeholders towards managing the resources in a sustainable way. In pursuing this agenda the countries are laying the foundation for ecosystem-based management of their fisheries, maximizing the potential of their fisheries through safe and sustainable development of these resources and with stakeholder consideration for the interest of different ocean users.

42

Management Framework for Small Pelagic Fishery of Western Gulf of Guinea

6.1. Description of the FisheriesSmall pelagic resources, including Sardinella maderensis, Sardinella aurita, Ethmalosa fimbriata, Decapterus punctatus, Scomber japonicus, Engraulis guineensis, Trachurus trachurus, Trachurus trecae, are migratory species within Western Gulf of Guinea. They are, therefore, shared stocks between Benin, Togo, Ghana and Côte d'Ivoire. Acoustics surveys have shown that of these species, Sardinella maderensis and Sardinella aurita are the most commonly shared stocks among the four countries. S. aurita lives in upwelling areas where the water is cold and high in salinity, whereas S. maderensis prefers warm water close to the coast where the water depth is less than 50 metres.

The pelagic stocks are targeted mainly by the artisanal fisheries subsector and to a limited extent by semi-industrial fisheries. The artisanal fishery operates in estuaries, bays and inshore waters, and the fishing activities are largely concentrated in areas less than 20 km from the coast and a depth of less than 40 metres. This fishery

Country Production (MT) Fishing Effort (j)

S. aurita S. maderensis Côte

d’Ivoire

5 453 186 1 603

Ghana 70 672 21 384 Artisanal fishery: 573 912 Semi-industrial fishery: 3 410

Togo 2 499 1 316 42 569

Benin - 1 687 41 647 Total 78 624 24 573 663 141

CHAPTER SIX

43

The landings of the main pelagic species have been experiencing fluctuations in total

catch productions in the GCLME area as a whole. There has been a decrease in the

total landings from 430,000 MT in 2003 to 354,000 MT in 2004. On the whole, the

total landings have been fluctuating around 330,000 MT during the period 1990 to

2005. The Scientific Sub-Committee of the Fishery Committee for the East Central

Atlantic (CECAF) reports that the main small pelagic stocks in the region are fully

exploited.

6.2. Overall Objective Sustainable management of small pelagic fishery of Western Gulf of Guinea (Benin, Togo, Ghana and Côte d'Ivoire)

6.3. Specific Objectivesa) Update the knowledge on the management of Sardinella shared stocks.b) Establish an allocation system of Sardinella shared stocks.c) Building of human and institutional capacities.

6.4. Operation of FrameworkThe management framework will operate for two years, from April 2010 to March

2012. The framework will be validated by stakeholders at national level and executed

under the auspices of the Fishery Committee for the West Central Gulf of Guinea

(FCWC). A harmonized database will be established and regularly replenished by

national fisheries administrations (fisheries departments and research institutions).

The database will be hosted at the FCWC Secretariat. The management framework

will be improved with advancement in knowledge and management. However, no

major departure from the stated management arrangements for a given year will

occur unless so directed by the FCWC Coordination Committee.

6.5. Key DriversThe management framework will be consistent with guiding principles for the sustainable exploitation and development of the resources such as the FAO Code of Conduct for Responsible Fisheries, Ecosystem approach to Fisheries Management, Plan of Implementation of the World Summit on Sustainable Approach to Fisheries and the Precautionary Approach.

6.6. RationaleThe small pelagic species are important in the ecosystem as a link between plankton (which they feed upon) and fish feeding species for which these pelagic serve as food. Acoustic surveys conducted in the area and analyses by the CECAF Scientific Sub-

44

Committee indicate decreases in landings, as well as the fact that the main small pelagic stocks are fully exploited. In order to contribute to the rebuilding of these stocks, the four countries have agreed to cooperate in the management of these shared stocks.

Objective 1 : Update the knowledge on management of Sardinella shared

stocks ACTIONS PERFORMANCE

INDICATORS PARTICIPANTS TIMELINE

1.1. Define theelements of a harmonized database for

sustainable management of stocks ofSardinella.

• Harmonized database isavailable

• Nature ofinformation

(fishing effort,size frequency in all segments of fishing, catches)

• Ministries offisheries

• Research institutes

- FCWC, FAO

Before June 2010.

1.2.

Provide “complete”

information to the database.

• Reliability and

consistency of information

provided thebasis ofharmonized data

• Ministries of

fisheries • Research

institutes • Fisheries

communities • NGOs

From march 2010 and ongoing).

1.3. Effective use of

information indatabase.

• Degree of

consulting the

database • Meetings of

working groups using information from the

database

• Working groups

of scientists

• Ministries offisheries

• Others (students, investors, etc)

From March 2010 and ongoing.

Objective 2 : Establish mechanisms for an allocation system of Sardinella shared stocks

ACTIONS PERFORMANCE

INDICATORS

PARTICIPANTS TIMELINE

2.1. Undertake study

on mechanisms for allocation of quotas amongcountries.

• Report of the

prospective study available

• CPCO (secrétariat

général) • National &

international consultants

Before end of

September 2010

2.2. Adoption of the proposals of the prospective study.

• Document

containing proposals for

establishing an allocation sharing system

• FCWC

Coordination Committee

• FCWC ministerial conference

4t h ministerial conference ofFCWC (Nov./Dec.

2010)

45

6.7. ConclusionThis management framework addresses transboundary issues. Countries are

expected to operationalize the framework first by ensuring that it is validated by

stakeholders at national level; and secondly by elaborating “Country Specific Action

Plans” to give effect to the contents of the management framework.

Objective 3 : Building human and institutional capacities

ACTIONS PERFORMANCE INDICATORS

PARTICIPANTS TIMELINE

3.1.

Training andsensitization ofstakeholders.

• Workshop reports • Number of

sensitization

meetings organized

• Number ofpersons trained

• Ministries of

fisheries • Research

institutions

• Fisheries communities

• NGOs

From January 2010 and

ongoing.

3.2. Funding of research

activities.

• National contributions

• Funding request

• Donor contributions

• FCWC • Ministries of

fisheries • Ministries of

economy/ planning

• Other lineministries

• Donors

From

January 2010 andongoing.

3.3. Monitoring andevaluating theimplementation ofcollaborative

management plan.

• Evaluation missions - Improvements

in management

• FCWC

(secretariat • Ministries of

fisheries • Research

institutes

From June 2011 andongoing.

46

Management Framework for Small Pelagic Resources in Northern Gulf of Guinea 7.1. Brief Description of the FisheriesSmall pelagic stocks in Northern Gulf of Guinea are shared stocks among Guinea-Bissau, Guinea, Sierra Leone and Liberia. These pelagic stocks are targeted by both the industrial and artisanal fisheries subsector. The artisanal fishery operates in estuaries, bays and inshore waters, and the fishing activities are largely concentrated in areas 15-45 km from the coast and a depth of less than 40 metres. This fishery comprises a variety of dugout and planked canoes. The fishing crafts employ diverse range of fishing gear, which include cast nets, ring nets, drift nets, and set nets. This fishery contributes significantly to the total national productions of the four countries' region. It is estimated that 70 per cent of the fish consumed by average nationals of these countries is derived from this fishery. The industrial fishery sector, which is foreign-dominated, is characterized by multinational fishing fleets that comprise shrimpers, fish trawlers, canoe support, etc. These fleets operate in deep waters, although the shrimpers mostly operate in inshore waters.

The landings of the main pelagic species have been experiencing fluctuations in the total catch productions in the GCLME region as a whole. There has been a decrease in the total landings from 430,000 MT in 2003 to 354,000 MT in 2004. On the whole, the total landings have been fluctuating around 330,000 MT during the period from 1990 to 2005. Most of the stocks are reported by the CECAF Scientific Sub-Committee to be fully exploited.

7.2. Purpose/Overall ObjectiveSustainable management of the shared small pelagic stocks of Northern Gulf of Guinea

CHAPTER SEVEN

47

7.3. Specific ObjectivesvTo restore the shared small pelagic stocks in the sub region (north)vTo strengthen sub regional cooperation in resources management vTo improve the livelihoods of fishers in the regionvTo strengthen knowledge of the fishers towards responsible fishing

7.4. Scope of Management FrameworkThe management framework of the shared small pelagic in the sub region (north) involves Sardinella maderensis, Sardinella aurita, Ethmalosa fimbriata, Scrombrids, Decapterus rhonchus, Decapterus punctatus, Trachurus trachurus, trachurus trecae.

7.5. Operation of the Management FrameworkThe management framework will cover a period of two years, from January 2010 to December 2011; that is the life of the specific actions in this management plan is two years which will be subjected to review. It must be noted that this management plan is ongoing. In order to operationalize the framework, the contents will be validated by stakeholders in each of the partner countries. Each partner to this framework will develop “Country Specific Action Plans” to facilitate the implementation of this cooperative management framework. The framework will be subjected to review, at least once a year, by the authorized ministry of member countries, contingent on any major changes in the exploitation state of these fish resources. Relevant data generated from the data collection scheme will be analyzed by research institutes in the region. Annual reports on the status of the resources and management regime will be produced by fisheries directors in the respective countries. The annual reports are shared or exchanged between fisheries institutions in the region.

7.6. Review of the Management FrameworkThe management framework will be reviewed by fisheries institutions and research centres in the sub region. Review will be based on the performance indicators.

7.7. Key Policy DriversThe management framework will be consistent with guiding principles for the sustainable exploitation and development of the resources such as the FAO Code of Conduct for Responsible Fisheries, Ecosystem Approach to Fisheries Management, and the Plan of Implementation of the 2002 World Summit for Sustainable Development (WSSD), Integrated Coastal Zone Management (ICZM), and Precautionary Approach.

48

7.8. RationaleThe pelagic resources which include Sardinella maderensis, Sardinella aurita, Ethmalosa fimbriata, Scrombrids, Decapterus rhonchus, Decapterus punctatus, Trachurus trachurus, trachurus trecae in Guinea-Bissau, Guinea, Sierra Leone and Liberia are considered to be one stock and are highly migratory within the coasts of these countries. The resources are considered to be shared among these countries. They are targeted by both industrial and artisanal fisheries. The Mackerel, Horse Mackerel and Sardinella aurita are largely targeted by the industrial fishing trawlers. Sardinella maderensis occur inshore and are mainly targeted by artisanal fisheries. These are subjected to excessive exploitation pressure as they are exploited by artisanal and industrial fishers using indiscriminate and destructive fishing gear, including nets with small meshed sizes. Recent assessment by the Scientific Working Group in the CECAF region has indicated that these species are fully exploited. Thus, they recommended that management option be taken to salvage further depletion.

In view of the above, and considering the shared nature of these stocks in the four countries, the following management strategies are being put in place:

ACTIONS PERFORMANCE INDICATORS

PARTICIPANTS TIMELINE

A To avoid overexploitation of the shared small pelagic stocks in the sub region

(North)

1 To reduce fishing effort.

• Moratorium on new license

• Reduce the number of licensed vessels by 10 percent

• Establish TAC for the sub region

• Increase mesh size to 40 mm in the sub region

• Ministry ofFisheries/Environment

• Fishers organization

• Research

institutes

Jan. 2010- 2011

June 2010

June 2010

2 Strengthen theobserver programme.

• Increase the number of fisheries Observers onboard by 10 percent

• Ministry ofFisheries/Environment

• Fishermen organization

• Research institutes

Jan, 2010

7.9. Management Strategies

49

3 Establish effective and harmonized MCS.

• Number of illegal vessels reduced by 25 per cent

• Number vessels using

VMS

• Ministry ofFisheries/Environment

• Fishers

organization • Research

institutes • Navy • Community

surveillance

Jan. 2010

B To strengthen sub regional cooperation in resources management

1 Establishment of sub regional pelagic

fisheries surveys.

• Undertake at least one fisheriesassessment survey per year

• Member countries

• Research Institutions, SRFC, CECAF,GCLME

• International

agencies (FAO, World Bank, etc)

Aug. 2010

2 Promotion of data

exchange between the four countries

• The number of Scientific andmanagement reports

published each year • Number of study tour

made each year

• Member

countries • Research

Institutions (IMBO, CNSHB, CIPA),

• SRFC, CECAF,GCLME

• International agencies (FAO,

World Bank, etc)

March

2010 – Dec. 2011

3 Promotion ofcollaboration between Research Institutions in

the four Countries (IMBO, CNSHB, CIPA).

• Number of exchange visits made per year

• The number of scientific reportpublished per each

• The number of feedback conference made per year

• Member countries

• Research

institutions (IMBO, CNSHB, CIPA)

• SRFC, CECAF,GCLME

• International agencies (FAO, World Bank, etc)

March 2010 –

Dec. 2011.

Promotion ofcollaboration between research institutions and fisheries administrations.

• Number of training visits made among

countries each • Number study tours

made each year

• Number

• Member countries

• Research institutions (IMBO, CNSHB,

CIPA)

March 2010 – Dec. 2011.

50

7.9.1. ConclusionThis management framework addresses transboundary issues. Countries are

expected to operationalize the framework, first by ensuring that it is validated by

stakeholders at national level; and secondly by elaborating “Country Specific Action

Plans” to give effect to the contents of the management framework.

C To improve the livelihoods of f ishers in the four countries

1 Create alternativelivelihoods byfacilitating access to

credit

• Number ofmicrocredit projects granted

• Other lineministries, Socio-professional organizations

• Financial institutions

• SRFC, COREP,FCWC, GCLME

• NGO/INGOs

April 2010 – Dec. 2011

2 Improve socialinfrastructure and

service delivery.

• Number of schools, hospitals built and access to potable water facilities in coastal zone of the

four countries built each year

• Number of children attending schoolsand disease outbreak each year

• Other lineministries

• Socio-

professional Organizations

• Financial institutions

• SRFC, COREP,

FCWC, GCLME • NGO/INGOs.

April 2010 – Dec.

2011

D To strengthen knowledge of the fishers towards responsible fishing

1 Promotion ofstakeholder consultation onfisheries governance at national and sub

regional level.

• Number ofconsultations

organized • Number of fishes

organizations trips

arranged between the countries

• SRFC, COREP,FCWC, GCLME

• NGO/INGOs.

Jan. 2010 –Dec.2011.

2

Promotion ofstakeholder consultation onfisheries governance at national and

international level

• Number ofconsultations

organized at country level andinternational level

• Number of sub regional conference held

• SRFC, COREP,FCWC, GCLME

• NGO/INGOs.

Jan. 2010 – Dec. 2011.

51

ANNEXE A: List of ParticipantsATERLIER REGIONAL DU GEMCG SUR LA FORMULATION ET LA MISE EN OEUVRE DES PLANS D'AMENAGEMENT DES PECHERIES.GCLME REGIONAL WORKSHOP ON FORMULATION AND IMPLEMENTATION OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT PLANSDOUALA 2 – 7 NOVEMBRE 2009

№ NAME ANDTITLE

INSTITUTION/ADDRESS

EMAIL TELEPHONE FAX

1. Maria

Esperanca Pires des Santos Regional

Coordinator

Intituto Naconal

deInvestigacao Pesqueria (INIP) Rua Morthalia

Mohamed YLMA de Luanda

P. O. Box 2601 Luanda, Angola

mariasantos35@hotmail.

com, esperancamaria2000@yahoo.com.br

+ 244 222

44519/ 912 243 214

+244 222

44519

2. Pierre Nolasque Meke Soung

Chef de Brigade

Ministry of Livestock , Fisheries and Animal

Industries (MINEPIA) Brigade of Control and

Surveillance ofFisheries Activities – DPA –

Yaoundé, Cameroon

PierreMeke@yahoo.com

+ 237 79 65 46 20/

99 93 25 53

+237 22 22 14 05,

22 31 30 48

3. André Mounchikpou

Charge d’etude Assistant

DESC – MINEPIA B. P. 15219 Yaoundé,

Cameroun

mounchikpou@yahoo.fr, fodep@yahoo.fr

+ 237 75 58 25 48

/22 00 61 69/ 22 206169

+237 22 20 61 69

4. Collins Angwe

Researcher

Research Station for

Fisheries PMB 77 Limbe, Cameroon

caangwe@yahoo.ca

+237 77 56

74 79

5. Lucien

Maloueki Chef de Labo

Oceanographie et de Biologie des Pêches

Centre de Recherche

DGRST B.P. 1286 Pointe

Noire, République du Congo

lumaloueki@yahoo.fr

+ 242 638

7870

+ 242 943

981

6. Mathieu

Mongolu Bongu Expert Biologie

des Pêches.

Ministère de

l’Environnement, Conservation de la

Nature et Tourisme. B.P. 12348 Kinshasha I,

DR CONGO

mongolu2003@yahoo.fr +243 895

258 717/ 815 15 3610

52

1. Serge Donald Deleuse

Chef deService

Service deSurveillance des

Pêches Direction desproductions

halieutiques 18 B.P. 2790 Abidjan

18, Côte d’Ivoire

donaldelse@yahoo.fr, donaldelse@hotmail.fr

+225 07 22 15 95/ 21

35 63 15

2. Jean de Dieu Doumambila

Directeur des Pêches

Artisanales

Direction General des Pêches et de

l’Aquaculture B.P. 9498 Libreville,

Gabon

doumambila@yahoo.fr

+241 066 111 40/

72 14 12 / 74 89 92/

07 00 59 37

3. Patricia Markwei Deputy

Director ofFisheries

Fisheries Commission Ministry of Food and

Agriculture P.O. Box 630 Accra,

Ghana

patmark3@yahoo.com

+233 244 27 27 91

4. Sankoumba Diaby Inspecteur

General Adjoint charge

de l’amenagement des pêches

Ministère de la Peche et del’Aquaculture

B. P. 307 Conakry, Guinea

sankdiaby@yahoo.fr +224 65 46 95 66

5. Abrigo Menda

Chercheur

Ministère de la

Pêche Guinea Bissau

abrigo68@ymail.com

+ 245 63 46

588

6.

Foluke O. Areola

Aquatic Resources, Nigerian Agricultural

Quarantine Services Enugu Liaison Office

Abuja Central, Abuja, Nigeria

areolaf@yahoo.com, folukenke@yahoo.com

+ 234803 320

5882/ 805 960

8259

National President

Fisheries Society of Nigeria

Niomr Old College Wilmot Point Victoria Island,

Lagos, Nigeria

fison2ki@yahoo.com

+234– 1 –

794 4217

53

1. Virgina Godinho

Chef deService sanitaire de

produits de la pêche

Direction Générale de la pêche

Ministerio deEconomia C.P. 59, Banro 3de

feverieira Sao Tome et

Principe

virginiacarvalho998@hotmail.com

virginiacarvalho999@yahoo.com.br

+239 22 20 91/

90 76 55

2. Ibrahim Turay Acting Principal

Fisheries Officer

Ministry of Fisheries and MarineResources – Jomo

Kenyatta Road Brookfields,

Freetown, Sierra Leone

turay.ib1264@yahoo.com

+232 334 541 96, 783 359 69

3. Sedzro kossi Maxoe

Chef deDivision de

Peche et de l’Aquaculture

Ministère del’Agriculture, de

l’Elevage et de la Pêche

Direction de Pêche et de l’Aquaculture B.P. 1095 Lome,

Togo

peche@laposte.tg ksedzro69@hotmail.co

m

+228 221 34 70,

907 03 33

4. Benedict Satia

University ofWashington

School of Marine Affairs 17404 13 Avenue SE

Bothell WA 98012, USA

bsatia@hotmail.com

+1 425 877 1323

5. k Kwame

Koranteng

Fisheries

Management &Conservation Service (FIMF)

FAO of the United Nations

Viale delle Terme di Caracalla 00153 Rome, Italy

Kwame.koranteng@fao

.org

+ 39 0657

056 007

+35 065

705 3020

6. Amadou

Wassouni Directeur

National GEM CG Cameroun

Ministère de

l’Environnement et de la Protection de

la Nature (MINEP) B.P. 320 Yaoundé, Cameroun

wassouniamadou@yah

oo.fr

+237 22 23

60 12, 99 75 14 84

54

1. Brad Brown 11266 SW 166 TER MIAMI, FL 33157

USA

JABARIBRAd@Aol.com

+1 305 336 5104

+1 305 253

4991

2. Oumarou Njifonjou

Fisheries Expert GCLME RCU

Accra, Ghana

njifonjo@gmx.fr

+ 237 77 61 91 49 + 233 54

24 01 237

3. Collins Bruno Mboufack

MINEP B.P. 320 Yaoundé,

Cameroun

mboufack@yahoo.fr

+ 237 99 74 07 38

4. Ayuk

Scholastica Agbor

Comité

d’Organisation IRAD Batoke

PMB 77 Limbe, Cameroun

sk_ayuk@yahoo.fr

+237 77 01

98 29

5. Léopold Mewouande

Comité d’Organisation

IRAD Batoke PMB 77 Limbe,

Cameroun

mewouande@yahoo.fr

+ 237 77 57 02 87 / 96

51 55 30

6. Yiagnigni Arouna

Comité d’Organisation IRAD Batoke

PMB 77 Limbe, Cameroun

arccommando@yahoo.com

+ 237 75 30 89 66

55