ignacio garcía-mata relaxation of isolated€¦ · relaxation of isolated quantum systems beyond...
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Relaxation of isolated quantum systems
beyond chaos
ignacio garcía-mata IFIMAR (CONICET-UNMdP) Mar del Plata, Argentina
School for advanced sciences of Luchon Quantum chaos: fundamentals and
applications Session Workshop I (W1), March 14 - 21, 2015
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Buenos Aires
Mar del Plata
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non equilibrium dynamics — relaxation & universality
thermalization
Isolated Quantum systems
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Eigenstate thermalization hypothesis
Ann = hn|A|ni smooth (approx. constant)
Anm = hn|A|mi very small
hAit ⇡ hAiMC
Other mechanism: see C. Gogolin’s thesis
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No Yes
NoYes
H(�) ! H(� + ��)quench
equilibrate?
thermalize?
⌧
H(�+ ��)
0
tH(�)
subsystem state independence bath state independence diagonal form of eq. state thermal (Gibbs) state
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equilibrate?
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equilibrate?
how? chaos?
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von Neumann?
quantum Entropy
SvN(⇢) = �Tr(⇢ ln ⇢)
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Polkovnikov, Ann. Phys. 326, 486 (2011)Santos, Polkovnikov & Rigol, PRL 107, 040601 (2011)
von Neumann entropy
SvN(⇢) = �Tr(⇢ ln ⇢)
diagonal entropy
SD(⇢) = �X
n
⇢nn ln ⇢nn
equilibrium
non-equilibrium
external operations
consistent with second law
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Polkovnikov, Ann. Phys. 326, 486 (2011)Santos, Polkovnikov & Rigol, PRL 107, 040601 (2011)
diagonal entropy
SD(⇢) = �X
n
⇢nn ln ⇢nn
consistent with second law
increases
conserved for adiabatic process
uniquely related to P(E)
additive
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Prob[SD(⇢0)] SD(⇢⌧ )] ⇠ 1
Sdec � SD(⌧) 1� �
Ikeda, Sakumichi, Polkovnikov, & Ueda. Ann. Phys 354 (2015) 338-352
Sdec = SD(⇢)� = 0.5772 . . .
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Prob[SD(⇢0)] SD(⇢⌧ )] ⇠ 1
Sdec = SD(⇢)
Sdec � SD(⌧) 1� �
Ikeda, Sakumichi, Polkovnikov, & Ueda. Ann. Phys 354 (2015) 338-352
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⌧
H(�+ ��)
0 tH(�)
Cyclic process
Quench dynamics
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⇢(⌧) = e�H0⌧⇢0eiH0⌧⇢0 = |n0ihn0|
SD = �X
n
Cn(⌧) lnCn(⌧)
⌧
H(�+ ��)
0 tH(�)
Sdec = SD(⇢)
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Sdec � SD(⌧)
�SD(⌧)/SD(⌧)
equilibrium
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Sdec � SD(⌧) ! 1� �
�SD(⌧)/SD(⌧)
equilibrium
�SD(⌧)/SD(⌧) ⌧ 1
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two different models
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field
Dicke model
H(�) = !0Jz + !a†a+�p2j
(a† + a)(J+ + J�)
superradiant transition
�c =1
2
p!0!
!0 = ! = ~ = 1 �c = 0.5
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Dicke model
Emary & Brandes, PRL 90, 044101 (2003)
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Spin system
H(�) = H0 + �V
H0 =L�1X
i=1
J(Sx
i
Sx
i+1 + Sy
i
Sy
i+1 + µSz
i
Sz
i+1)
V =L�2X
i=0
J(Sx
i
Sx
i+2 + Sy
i
Sy
i+2 + µSz
i
Sz
i+2)
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Spin system
Santos, Borgonovi & Izrailev, PRE 85. 036209 (2012)
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7550250
6
4
2
0τ
1− γSD
10.80.60.40.2
0.1
0.01
λ0
∆SD(τ)/SD(τ)
0.5
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
0
Sdec−SD(τ)
�� = 0.1
Dicke
j = 20, N = 250
�c = 0.5
|10i
|100i
|500i
|1000i
|2000i
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�0
|n0i
Sdec � SD
�SD/SD
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�0
|n0i
Sdec � SD
�SD/SD
structure of initial state
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IPR
chaos
Localization
complexity of eigenstates
B.V. Chirikov,F.M Izrailev and D.L. Shepelyansky Physica D 33 (1988) 77-88 Y. V. Fyodorov and A. D. Mirlin, Phys. Rev. B 52, R11580 (1995). Ph. Jacquod and D. L. Shepelyansky, Phys. Rev. Lett. 75, 3501 (1995). B. Georgeot and D. L. Shepelyansky, Phys. Rev. Lett. 79, 4365 (1997). R. Berkovits and Y. Avishai, Phys. Rev. Lett. 80, 568 (1998). V. V. Flambaum, A. A. Gribakina, G. F. Gribakin, and M. G. Kozlov, Phys. Rev. A 50, 267 (19
… … … …
⇠ =1P
m |hn(�)|m(�+ ��)i|4
L. F. Santos F. Borgonovi, and F. M. Izrailev, PRE 85, 036209 (2012)
basis
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ξ
Sdec−
SD(τ)
1501251007550250
0.5
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
0
ξ
∆SD(τ)/SD(τ)
251
0.1
0.01
0.001
Energy
3000200010000
150
100
50
0
-50
0.5
0.25
0
ξ
Sdec − SD(τ )
150
125
100
75
50
25
0
0.5
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.10
�0 1
Dicke model
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ξ
Sdec−
SD(τ)
1501251007550250
0.5
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
0
ξ
∆SD(τ)/SD(τ)
251
0.1
0.01
0.001
Energy
3000200010000
150
100
50
0
-50
0.5
0.25
0
ξ
Sdec − SD(τ )
150
125
100
75
50
25
0
0.5
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.10
�0 1
Dicke model
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ξ
Sdec−
SD(τ)
1501251007550250
0.5
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
0
ξ
∆SD(τ)/SD(τ)
251
0.1
0.01
0.001
Energy
3000200010000
150
100
50
0
-50
0.5
0.25
0
ξ
Sdec − SD(τ )
150
125
100
75
50
25
0
0.5
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.10
�0 1
Dicke model
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ξ
Sdec−
SD(τ)
1501251007550250
0.5
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
0
ξ
∆SD(τ)/SD(τ)
251
0.1
0.01
0.001
Energy
3000200010000
150
100
50
0
-50
0.5
0.25
0
ξ
Sdec − SD(τ )
150
125
100
75
50
25
0
0.5
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.10
�0 1
Dicke model
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ξ
Sdec−
SD(τ)
1501251007550250
0.5
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
0
ξ
∆SD(τ)/SD(τ)
251
0.1
0.01
0.001
Energy
3000200010000
150
100
50
0
-50
0.5
0.25
0
ξ
Sdec − SD(τ )
150
125
100
75
50
25
0
0.5
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.10
�0 1
Dicke model
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ξ
Sdec−
SD(τ)
1501251007550250
0.5
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
0
ξ
∆SD(τ)/SD(τ)
100101
0.1
0.01
0.001
Energy
3000200010000
150
100
50
0
-50
0.5
0.25
0
ξ
Sdec − SD(τ )
150
125
100
75
50
25
0
0.5
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.10
�0 1
Dicke model
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ξ
Sdec−
SD(τ)
1501251007550250
0.5
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
0
ξ
∆SD(τ)/SD(τ)
100101
0.1
0.01
0.001
Energy
3000200010000
150
100
50
0
-50
0.5
0.25
0
ξ
Sdec − SD(τ )
150
125
100
75
50
25
0
0.5
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.10
�0 1
(1� �)⇠ � 1
⇠ + 1
Dicke model
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ξ
Sdec−
SD(τ)
1501251007550250
0.5
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
0
Energy
3000200010000
150
100
50
0
-50
ξ
∆SD(τ)/SD(τ)
100101
0.1
0.01
0.001
0.5
0.25
0
ξ
Sdec − SD(τ )
150
125
100
75
50
25
0
0.5
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.10
�0 0.5
� < �c
(1� �)⇠ � 1
⇠ + 1
Dicke model
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ξ
Sdec−
SD(τ)
1501251007550250
0.5
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
0
ξ
∆SD(τ)/SD(τ)
100101
0.1
0.01
0.001
Dicke model & spin system
(1� �)⇠ � 1
⇠ + 1
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two different models
universal behavior
complexity is key
equilibration and chaos isolated systems
LDOS
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to be done
Sdec � SD(⌧) = (1� �)⇠ � 1
⇠ + 1
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δλ
ξ
10.10.010.0010.0001
100
10
1
to be done
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δλ
ξ
10.10.010.0010.0001
100
10
1
10.10.010.0010.0001
100
10
1
δλ
ξ
to be done
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δλ
ξ
10.10.010.0010.0001
100
10
1
10.10.010.0010.0001
100
10
1
δλ
ξ
to be done
B. Georgeot and D. L. Shepelyansky, Phys. Rev. Lett. 79, 4365 (1997).
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PRE 91, 010902 (R) (2015)
UBACYTDiego Wisniacki Augusto RoncagliaIGM &
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UBACYTThank you
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Thank you
questions
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0.9
0.8
0.7
0.6
0.5
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
Energy
6000400020000
400
200
0
�
j = 20, N = 250