igneous rocks clan sp 1
TRANSCRIPT
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IGNEOUS ROCKS CLAN
1. Feldspathoidal Mafic Rocks2. Non-Feldspathoidal Basic Rocks3. Lamprophyres and Ultrabasic Rocks4. Silica-Saturated Intermediate Rocks5. Acid Rocks6. Feldspathoidal Felsic Rocks
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1. Non-Feldspathoidal Basic Rocks
General Characteristics :- Mineralogi : kombinasi plagioklas (An80-
An50), pyroxene (augites and magnesian varieties), magnesian olivines, iron-titanium oxides.
- Colour Index : >40, dark in handspecimen- Silica Content : 45%-52%- Volcanic division : basalt- Plutonic division : gabbro
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• A. Volcanic Division : Basalt and DiabaseDiabas : medium grain, tekstur ophitic /subophitic
Basalt Diabas
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• B. Plutonic Division (gabbro, Norites, Troctolites, Anorthosites, Pyroxenite)
- Gabbro : plagioklas, diopsid augit, olivine and hornblende- Norites : plagioklas, hypersten, kadang-kadang augit dan olivin- Troctolite : plagioklas , olivin- Anorthosite : plagioklas dominan, minor hypersten or augit- Magnesian and calcmagnesian pyroxenite : magnesian orthopyroxene,or diopsisidic clinopyroxene.
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Anorthosit •Troctolite
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Gabro Norite
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2. FELDSPATHOIDAL MAFIC ROCK
• A. Volcanic Division (Trachybasalt, basanite, tephrite, nephelinite, leucitite)
Nephelinite •Leucitite
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• B. Plutonic Division : Feldspathoidal Gabbro , Ijolite1. Feldspathoidal Gabbro :- Sama seperti gabbro pada umumnya, tetapi
mempunyai kandungan feldspathoid sebagai unsur yang essensial.
- Merupakan versi plutonik dari trachybasalt / basanite.
- Dua anggota feldspathoid gabro yang penting adalah Essexite (nepheline monzogabro) dan Theralite (nepheline gabro).
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a. Essexite- Mineralogi : sodic orthoclase, plagioklas (An60-
An35), nepheline, mafic mineral (augit), kadang-kadang dijumpai hornblende, biotit sebagai mineral asssori. Mineral assesori minor berupa apatit, sphene, magnetit. Olivin sangat jarang dijumpai.
b. Theralite- Mineralogi : alkali feldspar lebih sedikit dibanding
dengan Essexite. Olivin dijumpai dengan jumlah melimpah.
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• 2. Ijolite - Merupakan batuan plutonik dengan kandungan SiO2 < 45%,
miskin feldspar, dengan komposisi utama berupa piroxene dan feldspathoid (nepheline)
. Ijolite. Ijolite
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3. Lamprophyres and Ultrabasic Rocks
A. Lamprophyre
B. Melilite-rich rocks
C. Carbonatites
D. Kimberlite
E. Peridotite
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A. lamprophyre• Lamprophyre : merupakan istilah yang digunakan untuk menyebut suatu kelompok batuan beku basic-ultrabasic, berwarna gelap, yang pada umumnya terbentuk pada dyke dangkal.
• Ciri utamanya adalah tekstur, dimana sebagian besar lamprophyre bertekstur porfiritik (fenokris biotit, amphibole, augit dan groundmass feldspar). Baik fenokris maupun groundmass berbentuk euhedral (oleh beberapa ahli disebut tekstur panidiomorfik).
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B. MELILITIC ROCK
i. Alnoites- SiO2 content :<25%- Asosiasi :nepheline syenite, ijolite- Mineralogi : fenokris biotit (with or without
olivine) in groundmass of melilite, carbonate, perovskite
ii. Melilites- SiO2 content : 30-35%- Volcanic rock, with abundant of melilite and
olivine, but lack of feldspar or feldspathoid.
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C. CARBONATITES- Merupakan batuan beku yang terutama
tersusun oleh carbonat (calcite, dolomite, ankerite)
- Tekstur dan kenampakan umum, mirip dengan marble.
- Asosiasi : with basic or ultrabasic alkaline rock (ijolite and alkaline pyroxenite)
- Mineralogi : calcite, dolomite, ankerite, with biotite, olivine, alkali feldspar, sodic pyroxene
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Carbonatit
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Kimberlite
• Kimberlite is a gas-rich, potassic ultramafic igneous rock that contains the minerals olivine, phlogopite, diopside, serpentine, calcite, and minor amounts of apatite, magnetite, chromite, garnet, diamond, and other upper mantle minerals.
• Kimberlite was named for the rock associated with diamonds in Kimberley, South Africa.
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E. Peridotite and allied rock
i. Peridotite- Umumnya bertekstur holocrystalin,
anhedral-granular, medium to coarse grain.- Mineralogi : olivin, pyroxene (enstatite and
diposidic augite),with plagioclase, hornblende, biotite, garnet.
ii. Dunite- Tersusun oleh olivin
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iii. Pyroxene peridotit- Wehrlite : olivine and diposidic augite (3:1) assesori : enstatite, picotite, chromite, hornblende- Harzburgite : magnesian olivine and orthopyroxene
(enstatite, bronzite). Asesori : chromite, iron-titanium oxide, diopsidic augit, calcic plagioclas
- Lherzolite :Lherzolites contain over 60% olivine, and some clinopyroxene and orthopyroxene. Lherzolite is a major constituent of the mantle and the source of most basaltic magmas.
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4. FELDSPATHOIDAL FELSIC ROCKA. Volcanic Division : Phonolite FamilyIt consists mainly of nepheline and alkali feldspar
(sanidine or anorthoclase). Other minerals occuring in phonolite are soda-pyroxenes, soda-amphiboles, leucite, alcime and sodalite-group minerals (sodalite, nosean, hauyne). It is the volcanic equivalent of nepheline syenite.
B. Plutonic Division : Feldspathoidal Syenite family- Alkali feldspar & feldspathoid sebagai penyusun
utama