III. Louis Tries to Escape

• June 1791- Louis and his family tried to escape to the Austrian Netherlands.

• However, he is caught and this further enrages the revolutionaries

                                                      

CHAPTER 12

Section 1: The Roots of Revolution

Section 2: The French Revolution

Section 3:The French Republic

Section 4: The Napoléonic Era

Section 5: A Return to Peace

The French Revolution and Napoléon

I. Limited Monarchy

• September 1791- new Constitution is written.

• France is now a constitutional monarchy!

• Legislative Assembly is created which has the power to pass laws and declare war

(weak gov’t would not last a year).

• Louis XVI is still king but had no power.

II. Factions Split France

• Radicals (sit on the left)- oppose monarchy

• Moderates (sit in center)- desire some changes

• Conservatives (sit on the right)- desire very few changes

II. Factions outside of the Legislative Assembly

• Émigrés- nobles who fled France and hope to restore the monarchy

• Sans-culottes (those without knee britches) are workers from Paris who wanted extreme change

III. France at War

• France declares war on Austria and Prussia (now known as Germany and Poland)

• France is victorious but a New Government takes over!

• National Convention- abolishes the monarchy, declares France a republic, and all adult males can vote (universal male suffrage).

IV. Jacobins (radical sans-culottes) Take Control

•

GeorgeDanton

Jean-PaulMarat

Louis XVI found guilty of treason and sentenced to the guillotine

July 21, 1793

Louis XVI Executed !

V. War Continues

• Britain, Holland, and Spain join the war against France.

• France needs soldiers and institutes a military draft of all men between 18 and 40

The Terror Grips France

Robespierre Assumes

Control

Maximilien Robespierre

• Committee of Public Safety- to protect the Revolution from enemies

• Reign of Terror Reign of Terror (1793-1794)(1793-1794)

• 40,000 people executed

• 85% were low or middle class

Liberty, Equality, Fraternity

End of the Terror

• July 28, 1794 Robespierre sent to the guillotine

• Another new government is formed ….

• Directory- led by moderate upper middle class. 2 house legislature