iii. multicore processors (4)

III. Multicore Processors (4)

Dezső Sima

Spring 2007

(Ver. 2.0) Dezső Sima, 2007

• 10.2.1 Dual/quad-core desktop processors

• 10.2.2 Dual-core server processors

10.2. AMD’s MC processors

Source:http://pc.watch.impress.co.jp/docs/2006/0313/kaigai05l.gif

Figure: Overview of AMD’s recent lines

10.2 Overview of AMD’s multi-core processor lines

• Windsor line

• Manchester line 90 nm5/2005

5/2006 90 nm

• Toledo line 90 nm5/2005

Athlon 64 X2 lines

Athlon 64 FX 60/70 lines

10.2.1 Dual/quad-core desktop processors

• Brisbane line 12/2006 65 nm

• Athlon 64 FX line 90 nm1/2006

• Barcelona (quad-core) line 2007 65 nm

(E4)

(E6)

(F2/F3)

(G1)

(H)

(E6/F2/F3)

Figure 5.9: Block diagram of AMD’s Athlon 64 X2 dual-core processor lines

Source: AMD Athlon 64 X2 Dual-Core Processor Key Architectural Features, http://www.amd.com/gb-uk/Processors/ProductInformation/0,,30_118_9485_13041^13043,00.html

10.2.1 Overview of the Athlon 64 X2 lines (1)

Source:http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e4/Amd_cpu_die_compare.jpg

L2: 2x 1 MB) (L2: 2 x 1 MB) (L2: 2 MB)

Figure: The evolution of AMD’s Athlon 64 X2 dual-core processor lines

L2: 1 MB

BarcelonaWindsorToledoSan Diego


Stepping D

Transition from 130 nm to 90 nm SOI and addition of SSE3

Stepping E

Stepping F

Support of DDR2 and the Pacifica virtualisation technology

Transition from 90 nm to 65 nm

Stepping F (Winchester cores)

Stepping G (Brisbane cores)

Figure: Main charateristics of the transitions from Steppings D to G

Stepping E (Manchester/Toledo cores)


Table: Main features of AMD’s dual-core the Athlon 64 X2 family

NX-bit

Cool ‘n’ Quiet

Pacifica virt. tech.

AM2AM2939939Socket

DDR2DDR2DDRDDRMemory type

65 W65/89 W89/110 W89 W 110 WTDP [W]

(Brisbane)(Windsor) (1 MB)(Windsor) (512 KB)(Toledo)(Manchester)Cores

2*512 KB

2.0/2.2/2.4

154 mtrs

147 mm2

90 nm SOI

5/2005

E4

3800+/4200+ 4600+

2*512 KB/2*1 MB

2.0/2.2/2.4

233 mtrs

199 mm2

90 nm SOI

5/2005

E6

3800+1 – 4800+

2*512 KB

2.0-2.8

154 mtrs

183 mm2

90 nm SOI

5/2006

F2/F3

3800+ - 5400+2

2*1 MB

227 mtrs

230 mm2

12/2006

F3

4000+ - 5200+2

2*512 KBL2 size

2.1/2.3/2.5/2.6fc [GHz]

154 mtrsNr. of transistors

126 mm2Die size

65 nm SOITechnology

12/2006Introduced

G1Stepping

4000+ - 5000+Models

Athlon 64 X2

1 Introduced 8/20062 Introduced 12/2006

Sources: AMD, Wikipedia


Source: http://www.sandpile.org/impl/k8.htm

Venice

Stepping E3/E6, 90 nm, L2: 512 KB 84 mm2, 77 mtrs

San Diego

Stepping E4/E6, 90 nm, L2: 1 MB 115 mm2, 114 mtrs

Figure: Single core versions of the Manchester and Toledo cores

10.2.1 Manchester line (1)

Table: Main features of the Manchester cores

NX-bit

Cool ‘n’ Quiet


939Socket

DDRMemory type

89 W 110 WTDP [W]

(Manchester)Cores

2*512 KB

2.0/2.2/2.4

154 mtrs

147 mm2

90 nm SOI

5/2005

E4

3800+/4200+ 4600+

L2 size

fc [GHz]

Nr. of transistors

Die size

Technology

Introduced

Stepping

Models

Athlon 64 X2

10.2.1 Manchester line (2)


Source: http://www.beareyes.com.cn/2/lib/200605/24/20060524141_4.htm

Figure: Die shot of the Toledo core (Stepping E6, 90 nm, L2: 1 MB))

Toledo

10.2.1 Toledo line (1)

Figure: The dual-core Toledo core includes basically two San Diego cores (90 nm, L2: 1 MB)

Toledo

Source:http://www.sandpile.org/impl/k8.htm

Stepping E6, 199 mm2, 233 mtrs

San Diego

115 mm2, 114 mtrs


Table: Main features of the Toledo cores

NX-bit

Cool ‘n’ Quiet


939939Socket

DDRDDRMemory type

89/110 W89 W 110 WTDP [W]

(Toledo)(Manchester)Cores

2*512 KB

2.0/2.2/2.4

154 mtrs

147 mm2

90 nm SOI

5/2005

E4

3800+/4200+ 4600+

2*512KB/2*1 MB

2.0/2.2/2.4

233 mtrs

199 mm2

90 nm SOI

5/2005

E6

3800+1 – 4800+

L2 size

fc [GHz]

Nr. of transistors

Die size

Technology

Introduced

Stepping

Models

Athlon 64 X2



Figure: Die shot of the Windsor core (Stepping F)

Source: Revision G Rumor Mill, http://129.15.202.185/athlon_rev_g/wtf_mates.html

Windsor

10.2.1 Windsor line (1)

Sources: http://www.beareyes.com.cn/2/lib/200605/24/20060524141_4.htm

Figure: Contrasting the Windsor (Rev. F) and the Toledo cores (Rev. E)

Romanchenko V. and Sofronov D., „Debut of AMD AM2: the long-awaited DDR2 on AMD Athlon X2,”http://www.digital-daily.com/cpu/amd_am2_4000/

(Socket 939)

(Stepping F supports DDR2 and the Pacific virtualisation technology)

(Socket AM2)

(Stepping F2/3, 90 nm/230 mm2/227 mtrs.)(Stepping E6, 90 nm/199mm2/233 mtrs.)

Toledo Windsor


Table: Main features of the Windsor cores

NX-bit

Cool ‘n’ Quiet


AM2939939Socket

DDR2DDRDDRMemory type

65/89 W89/110 W89 W 110 WTDP [W]

(Windsor) (1 MB)(Windsor)(512 KB)(Toledo)(Manchester)Cores

2*512 KB

2.0/2.2/2.4

154 mtrs

147 mm2

90 nm SOI

5/2005

E4

3800+/4200+ 4600+

2*512 KB/2*1 MB

2.0/2.2/2.4

233 mtrs

199 mm2

90 nm SOI

5/2005

E6

3800+1 – 4800+

2*512 KB

2.0-2.8

154 mtrs

183 mm2

90 nm SOI

5/2006

F2/F3

3800+ - 5400+2

2*1 MB

227 mtrs

230 mm2

12/2006

F3

4000+ - 5200+2

L2 size

fc [GHz]

Nr. of transistors

Die size

Technology

Introduced

Stepping

Models

Athlon 64 X2




Figure: Die shot of the 65 nm Brisbane core

Brisbane

10.2.1 Brisbane line (1)

Source: PC Watch, Mai 2006, http://pc.watch.impress.co.jp/docs/2006/0503/kaigai267.htm

Figure: Floor plan of the Brisbane core (single core version)


Brisbane

http://pc.watch.impress.co.jp/docs/2006/0503/kaigai267_03l.gif

PC Watch, Mai 2006, http://pc.watch.impress.co.jp/docs/2006/0503/kaigai267.htm

Sources: Revision G Rumor Mill, http://129.15.202.185/athlon_rev_g/wtf_mates.html

Figure: Floor plans of the Windsor and a single core Brisbane

Windsor

Brisbane

(Stepping F2/F3, 90 nm, L2: 2 x 1 MB) (Stepping G1, 65 nm, 512 KB, enlarged)


Table: Main features of the Brisbane cores

NX-bit

Cool ‘n’ Quiet


AM2AM2939939Socket

DDR2DDR2DDRDDRMemory type

65 W65/89 W89/110 W89 W 110 WTDP [W]

(Brisbane)(Windsor) (1 MB)(Windsor) (512 KB)(Toledo)(Manchester)Cores

2*512 KB

2.0/2.2/2.4

154 mtrs

147 mm2

90 nm SOI

5/2005

E4

3800+/4200+ 4600+

2*512 KB/2*1 MB

2.0/2.2/2.4

233 mtrs

199 mm2

90 nm SOI

5/2005

E6

3800+1 – 4800+

2*512 KB

2.0-2.8

154 mtrs

183 mm2

90 nm SOI

5/2006

F2/F3

3800+ - 5400+2

2*1 MB

227 mtrs

230 mm2

12/2006

F3

4000+ - 5200+2

2*512 KBL2 size

2.1/2.3/2.5/2.6fc [GHz]

154 mtrsNr. of transistors

126 mm2Die size

65 nm SOITechnology

12/2006Introduced

G1Stepping

4000+ - 5000+Models

Athlon 64 X2



Source: Romanchenko V. and Sofronov D., „Debut of AMD AM2: the long-awaited DDR2 on AMD Athlon X2,”http://www.digital-daily.com/cpu/amd_am2_4000/

(65 nm)K8 based

(65 nm)K8L based

Figure: Contrasting the basic parts of the Brisbane and Barcelona cores

Brisbane Barcelona

10.2.1 Barcelona line (1)

Source: Case L., „AMD unveils Barcelona Quad-Core Details,” Oct. 2006, http://www.extremetech.com/article2

Figure: AMD’s Barcelona quad-core

Based on K8L. Taped out in 8/06, to be delivered in Mid. 07


Source: Hester P., 2006 Technologyh Analyst Day, June 2006,http://www.amd.com/us-en/assets/content_type/DownloadableAssets/PhilHesterAMDAnalystDayV2.pdf

Figure: The Barcelona core (Stepping G, 65 nm, 4 x 512 KB shared L2, K8L core)


Barcelona

Die photo of AMD’s Barcelona

Source: C/Net, http://news.com.com/2300-1006_3-6124500-1.html

291 mm2


Barcelona

http://forums.theoverclocked.com/attachment.php?attachmentid=757&d=1162961230

Core

Die shot of the quad-core Barcelona


Barcelona

Table: Main features of AMD’s dual-core Athlon 64 FX line

939

DDR

2*1 MB

2.6

110 W

233 mtrs

199 mm2

90 nm

1/2006

E6

60

(Toledo)

AM2

DDR2

2*1 MB

2.8

125 W

227 mtrs

230 mm2

90 nm

5/2006

F2

62

(Windsor)

Athlon 64 FX

NX-bit

Cool ‘n’ Quiet


Socket F (1207)Socket

DDR2Memory type

125 WTDP [W]

(Windsor)Cores

2*1 MB

2.6/2.8/3.0

227 mtrs

230 mm2

90 nm

11/2006

F3

70/72/74

L2 size

fc [GHz]

Nr. of transistors

Die size

Technology

Introduced

Stepping

Models



• Opteron 200

• Opteron 2000

Italy

• Opteron 100 Denmark 90 nm8/2005

8/2005 90 nm

Santa Rosa 8/2006 90 nm

• Opteron 800

• Opteron 8000

Egypt 5/2005 90 nm

Santa Rosa 08/2006 90 nm

• Opteron 1000 Santa Ana 90 nm8/2006

Dual–core Opteron UP-lines

Dual–core Opteron DP-lines

Dual–core Opteron MP-lines

10.2.2 Dual-core server processors

(E6)

(F2)

(E6)

(F2)

(E1/E6)

(F2)

CPU0

1MB L2 Cache

CPU1

System Request Interface

Crossbar Switch

MemoryController HT

1MB L2 Cache

CPU0

1MB L2 Cache

CPU1

System Request Interface

Crossbar Switch

MemoryController 0 1 2

1MB L2 Cache

HyperTransport™

UP: Opteron 100/1000 DP: Opteron 200/2000, MP: 800/8000

2 x 72 bit 2 x 72 bit 800/8000: 3 coherent links200/2000: 1 coherent link

Source: Sander B., „AMD Microőrocessor Technologies,” 2006, http://www.ewh.ieee.org/r4/chicago/foxvalley/IEEE_AMD_Meeting.ppt

Figure: Basic structure of the Opteron families

10.2.2 Overview of the dual-core server processors (1)

10.2.2 Overview of the dual-core server lines (2)

Figure: The integrated north bridge in AMD’s Opteron processors

Source: F. Weber, „AMD’s Next Generation Microprocessor”, Oct. 2001,http://www.amd.com/us-en/assets/content_type/DownloadableAssets/MPF_Hammer_Presentation.PDF

Table: Main features of AMD’s dual-core Opteron UP-lines

2.81.8-2.62.61.8-2.4fc [GHz]

Presidio data protection

HT

DDR2 up to 667DDR up to 400DDR supported [MT/s]

1 GHz1 GHzfHT

103 125110TDP [W]

Opteron 1000(Santa Ana)

Opteron 100(Denmark)

Series

VT

PowerNow!

NX

AM2939Socket

2*1 MB

233 mtrs

199 mm2

90 nm

8/2005

E6

165-180

3/2006

185

2*1 MB

227 mtrs

230 mm2

90 nm

8/2006

F2

1210-1218 1220SE

L2

Nr. of transistors

Die size

Technology

Introduced

Stepping

Models


10.2.2 Dual–core Opteron UP-lines (1)

Table: Main features of AMD’s dual-core Opteron DP-lines

110

2.81.8-2.61.8-2.4 2.6 2.8fc [GHz]


HT

DDR2 up to 667DDR up to 400DDR supported [MT/s]

1 GHz1 GHzfHT

9595TDP [W]

2000(Santa Rosa)

200(Italy)

Series

VT

PowerNow!

NX

Socket F (1207)Socket 940Socket

2*1 MB

233 mtrs

199 mm2

90 nm

5/2005 3/2006 1/2007

E6

265-280 285 290

2*1 MB

227 mtrs

230 mm2

90 nm

8/2006

F2

2210-2218 2220SE

L2

Nr. of transistors

Die size

Technology

Introduced

Stepping

Models


10.2.2 Dual–core Opteron DP-lines (2)

Table: Main features of AMD’s dual-core Opteron MP-lines

119

2.82.0-2.61.8-2.22 2.4 2.6 2.8 fc [GHz]


HT

DDR2 up to 533 DDR up to 400DDR supported [MT/s]

1 GHz 1 GHzfHT

9595TDP [W]

8000(Santa Rosa)

800(Egypt)

Series

VT

PowerNow!

NX

Socket F (1207) Socket 940Socket

2*1 MB

233 mtrs

199 mm2

90 nm

4/2005 9/2005 3/2006 1/2007

E1/ E6 E6 E6 E6

865-875 880 885 890

2*1 MB

243 mtrs

220 mm2

90 nm

8/2006

F2

8210-8218 8220SE

L2

Nr. of transistors

Die size

Technology

Introduced

Stepping

Models


10.2.2 Dual–core Opteron MP-lines (3)

Source: Teich P., „Multi-Core Processor Technology,” WinHEC 2005, http://developer.amd.com/assets/WinHEC2005_Mult-core.pdf

Opteron (E-Stepping,199 mm2, 233 mtrs.)

Figure: Die shot of the E-Stepping Opteron

(Denmark, Italy and Egypt cores)

10.2.2 AMD’s UP-, DP- and MP-servers (E-Stepping) (1)

Toledo (E6-stepping, 199 mm2, 233 mtrs) Opteron (E-stepping,199 mm2, 233 mtrs.)

Teich P., „Multi-Core Processor Technology,” WinHEC 2005, http://developer.amd.com/assets/WinHEC2005_Mult-core.pdf

Sources: http://www.beareyes.com.cn/2/lib/200605/24/20060524141_4.htm

Figure:Contrasting the 90 nm desktop E6-stepping Toledo and the E-Stepping Opteron cores

10.2.2 AMD’s UP-, DP- and MP-servers (E-Stepping) (2)

Figure: Die shot of the F2-Stepping Opteron (90 nm, L2: 2 x 1 MB, 220 mm2?, 243 mtrs.?)

Source: Dwang, „ISSCC 2006: AMD Opteron,” http://www.realworldtech.com/page.cfm?NewsID=354&date=02-17-2006#354

F2-stepping Opteron

(Santa Ana, Santa Rosa cores)

10.2.2 AMD’s UP-, DP- and MP-servers (F-Stepping) (1)



Windsor (F-stepping) Opteron (F-stepping)

(90 nm, 230 mm2, 227 mtrs.) (90 nm, 220 mm2?, 243 mtrs.?)

Figure: Contrasting the dies shots of the Windsor and Opteron (F-Stepping) cores


Figure: Contrasting the die shots of the E and F2 Stepping Opterons

E-stepping Opteron(199 mm2, 233 mtrs)

F2-stepping Opteron(220 mm2?, 243 mtrs.?)

Sources: Teich P., „Multi-Core Processor Technology,” WinHEC 2005, http://developer.amd.com/assets/WinHEC2005_Mult-core.pdf

Dwang, „ISSCC 2006: AMD Opteron,” http://www.realworldtech.com/page.cfm?NewsID=354&date=02-17-2006#354


http://www.realworldtech.com/page.cfm?NewsID=354&date=02-17-2006#354

Figure: Shmoo plot of the F-stepping dual-core Opterons(Technology: 90 nm, plot normalized to fc = 2.6 GHz and VDD = 1.35 V, at 95 W)


10.2.2 Shmoo plot of the 2.6 GHz F-stepping dual-core Opterons

Source: ”AA-64 Implementation AMD K8,”http://www.sandpile.org/impl/k8.htm

Figure: 65 nm single core Opteron parts with 1 MB L2 on a 300 mm wafer

10.2.2 Opteron processors on wafers (1)

Source: http: ”AA-64 Implementation AMD K8,” http://www.sandpile.org/impl/pics/amd/k8/wafer_200mm_90nm_1024k_dc.jpg

Figure: 90 nm dual core Opteron parts with 1 MB L2 on a 200 mm wafer


200 mm wafer

300 mm wafer

Figure: Contrasting 200 and 300 mm wafers (single core 90 nm parts, L2: 512 KB)



200 mm wafer

Single core,90 nm,

L2: 512 KB


Figure: Single core Opteron chips (90 nm, 512 KB L2) on a 200 mm wafer


10.2 Literature

- AMD Athlon 64 X2 Dual-Core Processor Key Architectural Features, http://www.amd.com/gb-uk/Processors/ProductInformation/0,,30_118_9485_13041^13043,00.html

Romanchenko V. and Sofronov D., „Debut of AMD AM2: the long-awaited DDR2 on AMD Athlon X2,” http://www.digital-daily.com/cpu/amd_am2_4000/

Case L., „AMD unveils Barcelona Quad-Core Details,” Oct. 2006, http://www.extremetech.com/article2/0,1558,2027633,00.asp

Hester P., 2006 Technologyh Analyst Day, June 2006, http://www.amd.com/us-en/assets/content_type/DownloadableAssets/PhilHesterAMDAnalystDayV2.pdf

Sander B., „AMD Microőrocessor Technologies,” 2006, http://www.ewh.ieee.org/r4/chicago/foxvalley/IEEE_AMD_Meeting.ppt

Weber F., „AMD’s Next Generation Microprocessor”, Oct. 2001, http://www.amd.com/us-en/assets/content_type/DownloadableAssets/MPF_Hammer_Presentation.PDF

Teich P., „Multi-Core Processor Technology,” WinHEC 2005, http://developer.amd.com/assets/WinHEC2005_Mult-core.pdf

Dwang D. T., „ISSCC 2006: AMD Opteron,” http://www.realworldtech.com/page.cfm?NewsID=354&date=02-17-2006#354

http://www.amdinfo.co.kr/channel/boardFiles/ AMD_Server_roadmap.pdf?PHPSESSID=f0ce292d844c2ea860c37749b177d513

- „AMD Server/Workstation Solution Provider Roadmap,” 3/2006,

http://www.amdinfo.co.kr/channel/boardFiles/

iii. multicore processors (4)

Documents

dualcore toledo core

amd athlon x2

toledo core stepping

x2 dualcore processor

windsor core stepping

evolution of amds athlon

dualcore server processors10

x2 linesathlon