iii. physical properties ch. 13 - gases. a. kinetic molecular theory b particles in an ideal gas…...
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III. Physical Properties
Ch. 13 - GasesCh. 13 - Gases
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A. Kinetic Molecular A. Kinetic Molecular TheoryTheoryA. Kinetic Molecular A. Kinetic Molecular TheoryTheory
Particles in an ideal gas…
• have no volume
• have elastic collisions
• are in constant, random, straight-line motion
• don’t attract or repel each other
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B. Real GasesB. Real GasesB. Real GasesB. Real Gases
Particles in a REAL gas…
• have their own volume
• attract each other
Gas behavior is most ideal…
• at low pressures
• at high temperatures
• in nonpolar atoms/molecules
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C. Characteristics of C. Characteristics of GasesGasesC. Characteristics of C. Characteristics of GasesGasesGases expand to fill any container
• random motion, no attraction
Gases are fluids (like liquids)• no attraction
Gases have very low densities• no volume = lots of empty space
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C. Characteristics of C. Characteristics of GasesGasesC. Characteristics of C. Characteristics of GasesGasesGases can be compressed
• no volume = lots of empty space
Gases undergo diffusion & effusion• random motion
State Changes
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D. Describing GasesD. Describing GasesD. Describing GasesD. Describing Gases
Gases can be described by their:
• Temperature
• Pressure
• Volume
• Number of molecules/moles
• K
• atm
• L
• #
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E. TemperatureE. TemperatureE. TemperatureE. Temperature
ºF
ºC
K
-459 32 212
-273 0 100
0 273 373
32FC 95 K = ºC + 273
Always use absolute temperature (Kelvin) when working with gases!
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F. PressureF. PressureF. PressureF. Pressure
area
forcepressure
Which shoes create the most pressure?
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F. PressureF. PressureF. PressureF. Pressure
Barometer• measures atmospheric pressure
exact height of the Hg depends on atmospheric pressure
usually measured in mm Hg
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F. PressureF. PressureF. PressureF. Pressure
Manometer• measures contained gas pressure
Difference in height in two arms of U-tube is measure of pressure of gas sample
measured in various different units
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F. PressureF. PressureF. PressureF. Pressure
2m
NPa
KEY EQUIVALENT UNITS
101.325 kPa (kilopascal)
1 atm
760 mm Hg
760 torr
14.7 psi
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G. STPG. STPG. STPG. STP
Standard Temperature & PressureStandard Temperature & Pressure
0°C 273 K
1 atm 101.325 kPa-OR-
STP
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H. Pressure Problem 1H. Pressure Problem 1H. Pressure Problem 1H. Pressure Problem 1
The average pressure in Denver, Colorado, is 0.830 atm. Express this in (a) mm Hg and (b) kPa.
(a) 0.830 atm
1 atm
760 mm Hg= 631
mm Hg
(b) 0.830 atm
1 atm
101.325 kPa= 84.1
kPa
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H. Pressure Problem 2H. Pressure Problem 2H. Pressure Problem 2H. Pressure Problem 2
Convert a pressure of 1.75 atm to kPa and mm Hg.
(a) 1.75 atm
1 atm
101.325 kPa= 177
kPa
(b) 1.75 atm
1 atm
760 mm Hg= 1330
mm Hg
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H. Pressure Problem 3H. Pressure Problem 3H. Pressure Problem 3H. Pressure Problem 3
Convert a pressure of 570. torr to atmospheres and kPa.
(a) 570 torr
760 torr
1 atm= .750
atm
(b) 570 torr
760 torr
101.325 kPa= 76.0
kPa