iit kharagpur water
TRANSCRIPT
F r e s hWa t e r
O n A S h r in k in g
P la n e t
World PopulationWorld Population
Population doubles
every 40 years
Source: World Bank 2000
World PopulationWorld Population
Water WithdrawalsWater Withdrawals
Fresh water demand
doubles every 20 years
Source: World Bank 2000
World PopulationWorld Population
Water WithdrawalsWater Withdrawals
Demand > 150% of supply by 2,025
Source: World Bank 2000
“Water promises to be to the 21st century what oil was in the 20th century:
Fortune 2000
the precious commodity that determines the wealth [and health] of nations”
Fortune 2000
F r es h Wa t e r
InIn d i
a
G r o u n dw a t e r
G r o u n dw a t e r
7 0 %
G r o u n dw a t e r
8 0 %
G r o u n dw a t e r
8 0 %
Depletes 14 times faster than replenishes
G r o u n dw a t e r
# children dying every day in India of water illnesses
1600
Gangotri meltingPollution Rain run-off
Declining supply
Population growthAgricultureEconomic development
SkyRocketing
Demand
Demand for water > supply in India by
2020Source: World Bank 2000
Where is water going?
Source: World Water Council 2003
10,000 liters of water
140 liters of water
Source: World Water Council 2003
Source: World Water Council 2003
11,000 liters of water
Source: World Water Council 2003
400,000 liters of water
Source: World Water Council 2003
Geopolitics
Water rights
Vulnerability
Dependencies
Conflicts
Potential Water
SolutionsIn India
Protect existing
fresh water
sources
Harvest existing
fresh water
sources
MaintainWater
Infrastructure
Manage Water
Footprint
New Technologies
IIT Material IIT Material
Science Science
Innovation Innovation
Opportunities
Opportunities
Large Indian
Large Indian
then $BB Global
then $BB Global
MarketMarket
SeaWater
Reverse Osmosis
Low-pressureseawater
Highpressurepump
MembraneMembrane
High pressure brine:25%
Fresh water
Cost: Rs1 per liter of fresh water
SWRO ExchangerSWRO Exchanger
Low pressure reject brine:2%
Financing
Public:Cost of water illnesses = 3% of India GDP Economic expansion
Financing
Private:Venture capital: technologyEntrepreneurshipRegional rights auction