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I SSN:22787798I nternational Journal of Science, Engineeri ng and Technology Research (I JSETR)

Vol ume 1, I ssue 3, September 2012

All Rights Reserved 2012 IJSETR

18

IMAGE BASED PASSWORD AUTHENTICATION FOR

ILLITERATES WITH TOUCHSCREENV.SRIDHAR

11Assistant Professor, ECE, Vidya Jyothi Institute of Technology, Hyderabad

ABSTRACT: Image based password authenti cation f or i ll iterates with touch screen in terfacing provides an image

based secur ity system, whi ch can be instal led in poul try forms, houses and all kinds of domestic and industrial appli cations.

The main aim of thi s paper i s to provide a secur ity system for i ll iterates. This system provides user -f ri endly envi ronment for

the users with a ki nd of image interaction. Here the password need not be a str ing of characters it can use few images; thi s

may be easy for the i ll iterates to remember. Th is device makes use of a touch screen sensor based graphical LCD which

makes the thi ngs sti ll easier . This paper gives us the exposure about how to eff ici entl y make use of the touch screen

technology to interface with the appliances in our practi cal l if e. I t can also be operated very easi ly wi th the hand so can beused even by very old people and also by the il l iterates. Touch screens provide fast access to any and all types of digital

media, with no text-bound interf ace getting in the way. Faster input can mean better service. Using a touch interf ace can

effectively increase operator accuracy, reduce train ing time, and improve overal l operational eff ici encies, thus keeping costs

down, a proper ly designed touch interf ace can improve each operator 's accuracy. Touch screens are practical i n automation,

whi ch has become even simpler with touch screen technology. Owners fami li ar wi th the icon system appreciate touch

screens that make automation systems user fr iendly. In th is paper we make use of an onboard computer wh ich has many

input and output por ts. Thi s Onboard computer is also termed as micro controll er. A ll the input and the output modules are

in terf aced with this control uni t. The image input f rom the graphical LCD is processed by the controller and provides access

to the user i f the password r eceived is corr ect. Embedded c program is used or supporti ng software.

Keywords: LCD, MICROCONTROLLER, SECURITY, IM AGE, PASSWORD

I. INTRODUCTION

The paper aims in developing a system which is veryhelpful for illiterates in secure accessing, who are not able toremember passwords. Image based password authenticationfor illiterates with touch screen interfacing provides an imagebased security system, which can be installed in poultry

forms, houses and all kinds of domestic and industrialapplications. The main aim of this paper is to provide a

security system for illiterates.

This system provides user-friendly environment for

the users with a kind of image interaction. Here the passwordneed not be a string of characters it can use few images this

may be easy for the illiterates to remember. This device makesuse of a touch screen sensor which makes the things stilleasier. This paper gives us the exposure about how toefficiently make use of the touch screen technology tointerface with the appliances in our practical life. It can alsobe operated very easily with the hand so can be used even byvery old people and also by the illiterates.

Touch screens provide fast access to any and alltypes of digital media, with no text-bound interface getting inthe way. Faster input can mean better service. Using a touchinterface can effectively increase operator accuracy, reducetraining time, and improve overall operational efficiencies,

thus keeping costs down, a properly designed touch interfacecan improve each operator's accuracy. Touch screens are

practical in automation, which has become even simpler withtouch screen technology. Owners familiar with the icon

system appreciate touch screens that make automationsystems user friendly.

In this paper we make use of an onboard computerwhich has many input and output ports. This Onboardcomputer is also termed as micro controller. All the input andthe output modules are interfaced with this control unit. Theimage input from the touch screen is processed by thecontroller and provides access to the user if the passwordreceived is correct

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1.1 Block Diagram:

Image based password authentication for illiterates with

touch screen

Micro

controller

LED indicators

Regulated power supply

Stepper

Motor

driver

Stepper

motor

Touch

screen

sensor

ADC

Crystal oscillator

Motor

Power

supply

Reset

Buzzer

driverBuzzer

Fig 1.1: BLOCK DIAGRAM OF IMAGE BASED

PASSWORD AUTHENTICATION FOR ILLITERATES

WITH TOUCH SCREEN

2. HARDWARE DESCRIPTION

2. The major building blocks of this project are:

1. Regulated power supply with voltage regulator.

2. Micro controller

3. Touch screen sensor.

4. Stepper motor

2.1 Microcontroller:

Fig: 2.1 Microcontrollers

The microcontroller used in this project is PIC16F72.The PIC families of microcontrollers are developed byMicrochip Technology Inc. Currently they are some of themost popular microcontrollers, selling over 120 milliondevices each year. There are basically four families of PICmicrocontrollers:

PIC12CXXX 12/14-bit program word

PIC 16C5X 12-bit program word

PIC16CXXX and PIC16FXXX 14-bit program word

PIC17CXXX and PIC18CXXX 16-bit program word

2.2 Regulated power supply:

Fig : 2.2 Regulated power supply

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The basic circuit diagram of a regulated powersupply (DC O/P) with led connected as load is shown in fig:2.4

Fig 2.4 Circuit diagram of Regulated Power Supply with

Led connection

The components mainly used in above figure are

230V AC MAINS

TRANSFORMER BRIDGE RECTIFIER(DIODES)

CAPACITOR

VOLTAGE REGULATOR(IC 7805)

RESISTOR

LED(LIGHT EMITTING DIODE)

2.3 Touch screen: Touch screens emerged fromacademic and corporate research labs in the second half of the

1960s. One of the first places where they gained somevisibility was in the terminal of a computer-assisted learningterminal that came out in 1972 as part of the PLATO project.

They have subsequently become familiar in kiosk systems,such as in retail and tourist settings, on point of sale systems,

on ATMs and on PDAs where a stylus is sometimes used tomanipulate the GUI and to enter data. The popularity of smartphones, PDAs, portable game consoles and many types ofinformation appliances is driving the demand for, and theacceptance of, touch screens.

2.3.1 Technologies of touch screen

There are a number of types of touch screen technology.

1. Resistive

2. Surface acoustic wave

3. Capacitive

4. Surface capacitance

5. Projected capacitance

6. Infrared

7. Strain gauge

8. Optical imaging

2.3.2 Working of Resistive Touch screens:

Fig 2.3 Diagram of touch screen working

1. Polyester Film 2. Upper Resistive circuit Layer 3.Conductive ITO (Transparent Metal Coating).4. Lower

Resistive Circuit Layer 5. Insulating Dots6.Glass/AcrylicSubstrate7. Touching the overlay surface

causes the (2) Upper Resistive Circuit Layer to contact the (4)Lower Resistive Circuit Layer, producing a circuit switchfrom the activated area.8. The touch screen controller gets thealternating voltages between the (7) two circuit layers andconverts them into the digital X and Y coordinates of theactivated area.

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Because of its versatility and cost-effectiveness,resistive touch screen technology is the touch technology ofchoice for many markets and applications. Resistive touchscreens are used in food service, retail point-of-sale (POS),

medical monitoring devices, industrial process control and

instrumentation, portable and handheld products.

Resistive touch screen technology possesses manyadvantages over other alternative touch screen technologies(acoustic wave, capacitive, Near Field imaging, and infrared).Highly durable, resistive touch screens are less susceptible tocontaminants that easily infect acoustic wave touch screens.

In addition, resistive touch screens are less sensitive

to the effects of severe scratches that would incapacitatecapacitive touch screens. For industrial applications, resistive

touch screens are more cost-effective solutions than NearField Imaging touch screens.

A four-wire resistive touch screen panel consists oftwo flexible layers uniformly coated with a transparentresistive material and separated by an air gap. Electrodesplaced along the edges of the layers provide a means forexciting and monitoring the touch screen.

Fig 2.4 Block Diagram of Touch Screen Interface

When a position is measured on a 4-wire touchscreen, voltage is applied across the screen in the Y direction;and a touch presses the layers together, where a voltage can beread from one of the X electrodes. The contact made as aresult of the touch creates a voltage divider at that point, so

the Y coordinate can be determined; the process then repeatswith the X direction being driven, and a reading is taken fromone of the Y electrodes. A touch-screen controller is simply anADC that has built-in switches to control which electrodes are

driven and which electrodes are used as the input to the ADC.

An Analog Devices AD7843 scans the X and Y axesand determines the unique voltage drop for each axis. The fourelectrodes for scanning are labeled X+, X-, Y+, and Y-. Theseelectrodes are connected to the AD7843 touch screencontroller and the touch sensor is scanned and the analogvoltages read.

The four touch electrodes are connected to theinputs X+, X-, Y+, and Y- of the AD7843. A selected axis (Xor Y) pair of electrodes is energized with a static voltage andthe voltage of the positive electrode of the other pair in the 4wire touch panel is measured. The sensed voltage is measuredand converted to either an 8 bit or 12 bit resolution. A digitalword representing the voltage at the contacting point on thetouch panel is created and sent out via a high speed SPI serialinterface.

2.4 Stepper motor: stepper motor (or step motor) is a

brushless, synchronous electric motor that can divide a full

rotation into a large number of steps. The motor's position canbe controlled precisely without any feedback mechanism (seeOpen-loop controller), as long as the motor is carefully sizedto the application. Stepper motors are similar to switchedreluctance motors which are very large stepping motors with areduced pole count, and generally are closed-loopcommutated.

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Fig 2.4.1 Stepper motor working angle stepper motor

2.5 Fundamentals of Operation:

Stepper motors operate differently from DC brush

motors, which rotate when voltage is applied to theirterminals. Stepper motors, on the other hand, effectively havemultiple "toothed" electromagnets arranged around a centralgear-shaped piece of iron. The electromagnets are energizedby an external control circuit, such as a microcontroller. Tomake the motor shaft turn, first one electromagnet is givenpower, which makes the gear's teeth magnetically attracted tothe electromagnet's teeth. When the gear's teeth are thusaligned to the first electromagnet, they are slightly offset from

the next electromagnet. So when the next electromagnet isturned on and the first is turned off, the gear rotates slightly to

align with the next one, and from there the process is repeatedEach of those slight rotations is called a "step," with an integernumber of steps making a full rotation. In that way, the motorcan be turned by a precise angle.

Fig 2.5.1 Stepper motor internal circuit diagram

2.6 Buzzer: Basically, the sound source of a piezoelectricsound component is a piezoelectric diaphragm. Apiezoelectric diaphragm consists of a piezoelectric ceramicplate which has electrodes on both sides and a metal plate(brass or stainless steel, etc.). A piezoelectric ceramic plate isattached to a metal plate with adhesives. Applying D.C.voltage between electrodes of a piezoelectric diaphragmcauses mechanical distortion due to the piezoelectric effect.

For a misshaped piezoelectric element, the distortion of thepiezoelectric element expands in a radial direction. And thepiezoelectric diaphragm bends toward the direction. The metalplate bonded to the piezoelectric element does not expand.Conversely, when the piezoelectric element shrinks, thepiezoelectric diaphragm bends in the direction Thus, when ACvoltage is applied across electrodes, the bending is repeated,producing sound waves in the air.

To switch on buzzer -high 1

To switch off buzzer -low 1

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Fig 2.6 Picture of buzzer

3. Procedural steps for compilation, simulation and

dumping:

Compilation and simulation steps:

For PIC microcontroller, PIC C compiler is used forcompilation. The compilation steps are as follows:

Open PIC C compiler.

You will be prompted to choose a name for the new

project, so create a separate folder where all the filesof your project will be stored, choose a name and

click save.

Fig 3.1: Picture of opening a new file using PIC C compiler

Click Paper , New, and something the box named

'Text1' is where your code should be written later.

Now you have to click 'File, Save as' and choose afile name for your source code ending with the letter'.c'. You can name as 'project.c' for example andclick save. Then you have to add this file to yourproject work.

Fig 3.2: Picture of compiling a new file using PIC C

compiler

You can then start to write the source code in the

window titled 'project.c' then before testing yoursource code; you have to compile your source code,and correct eventual syntax errors.

Fig 3.3: Picture of checking errors and warnings using

PIC C compiler

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By clicking on compile option .hex file is generated

automatically.

This is how we compile a program for checkingerrors and hence the compiled program is saved inthe file where we initiated the program.

Fig 3.4: Picture of .hex file existing using PIC C compiler

After compilation, next step is simulation. Here first

circuit is designed in Express PCB using Proteus 7 softwareand then simulation takes place followed by dumping. The

simulation steps are as follows:

Open Proteus 7 and click on IS1S6.

Now it displays PCB where circuit is designed usingmicrocontroller. To design circuit components arerequired. So click on component option.

10. Now click on letter p, then under that select PIC16F72,other components related to the project and click OK. ThePIC 16F72 will be called your 'Target device,which is thefinal destination of your source code.

Dumping steps:

The steps involved in dumping the program edited in

proteus 7 to microcontroller are shown below:

1. Select Tools option and click on Check Communicationfor establishing a connection .2. After connecting the dumper properly to the

microcontroller kit the window is appeared as shown below.

Fig 3.5: Picture after connecting the dumper to

microcontroller

4. Again by selecting the Tools option and clicking on Check

Communication the microcontroller gets recognized by thedumper.

5. Import the program which is .hex file from the savedlocation by selecting File option and clicking on Import Hexas shown in below window.

Fig 3.6: Picture of program importing into the

microcontroller

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6. After clicking on Import Hex option we need to browsethe location of our program and click the prog.hex and clickon open for dumping the program into the microcontroller.7. After the successful dumping of program the window is asshown below.

Fig 3.7: Picture after program dumped into the

microcontroller

4. CONCLUSION:

The paper Image based password authentication forilliterates with touch screen sensor was designed such to

provide a security system based on images and touch screenmodule. This system provides user-friendly environment for

the users with a kind of image interaction this may be easy forthe illiterates to remember.

5 .References:

1.

Microcontrollers Architecture, Programming, Interfacingand System Design- Raj kamal

2. PCB DesignTutorial David.L.Jones

3. Embedded C Michael.J.Pont

Authors Biography:

VARADALA SRIDHAR is from HYDERABAD,ANDHRAPRADESH, and BORN on 25

th JAN 1985.

Completed M.TECH in ECE with specialization

(WIRELESS AND MOBILE COMMUNICATION

SYSTEMS)from vardhaman college of engineering affiliatedby JNTUH in 2011.he has completed M.Sc (IT)fromNagarjuna University, guntur, AndhraPradesh.and B.TECHin ECEfrom vidya jyothi institute of technology affiliated by

JNTUH in 2007. Currently he is working as an Assistantprofessor in ECE department at Vidya Jyothi Institute of

Technology, Hyderabad from 2010. His areas of researchinterests include Wireless and Mobile communication

ssystems,Digitalsignalprocessing,Imageprocessing,

Telecommunications,communication systems, Signal

processing,Embedded systems.He has published more than20 international research journals papers.He is LifetimeMembership of ISTE, IETE, IAENG, SDIWC, IACSIT,CSTA, UACEE, and AND MCDM. He is reviewer of

SDIWC, IJARCET, SSRGJ-IJCTT; He is Editorial boardmember of IJCIT, IJARCET, IJOART, IJARECE,

IJARCSEE, AND IJSETR.

ijsetr vol 1 issue 3-18-25

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